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opennotspecifiedJul 2018View details →

FIG. 2 in Going with the Flow: Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Three Ecologically Divergent Darter Species

FIG. 2. Chart showing habitat characteristics of each darter species and predicted levels of gene flow between populations based on habitat variables. FST represents population differentiation, while AR represents allelic richness. Arrows pointing up indicate an increase, arrows pointing down a decrease, and horizontal arrows indicate moderate/intermediate levels. Illustrations were designed by Elizabeth Marchio (elizabeth. marchio@gmail.com; www.lizmarchio.com).

opennotspecifiedJul 2018View details →

FIG. 1 in Going with the Flow: Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Three Ecologically Divergent Darter Species

FIG. 1. Map of Pearl River including sampling sites for the three darter species. Ammocrypta beanii, Etheostoma swaini, and Percina nigrofasciata are represented by circles, squares, and diamonds, respectively. Map was generated using ArcGIS ArcMap 10.

FIG. 2 in Systematics of the Stripetail Darter, Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam), and the Distinctiveness of the Upper Cumberland Endemic Etheostoma cumberlandicum Jordan and Swain

FIG. 2. Phylogenies of Etheostoma kennicotti sensu lato and Etheostoma cumberlandicum inferred from the mitochondrial cytb gene. (A) Bayesian inferred cytb gene tree. Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated with filled circles. (B) Maximum clade credibility chronogram of Etheostoma kennicotti sensu lato and Etheostoma cumberlandicum. Bars indicate 95% posterior density of age estimates at nodes in the phylogeny.

FIG. 5 in Systematics of the Stripetail Darter, Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam), and the Distinctiveness of the Upper Cumberland Endemic Etheostoma cumberlandicum Jordan and Swain

FIG. 5. Photographs of live specimens of Etheostoma cumberlandicum, E. cf. kennicotti Laurel River, and E. kennicotti. (A) Etheostoma cumberlandicum, YPM ICH 028205, 62 mm SL, male, Wolf Creek, Whitley Co., Kentucky, USA, 28 April 2015. (B) Etheostoma cumberlandicum, YPM ICH 028204, 46 mm SL, female, Little Wolf Creek, Whitley Co., Kentucky, USA, 25 March 2015. (C) Etheostoma cf. kennicotti, Laurel River species, YPM ICH 028202, 63 mm SL, male, Lick Fork, Laurel Co., Kentucky, USA, 14 May 2015. (D) Etheostoma kennicotti, UF 167303, 61 mm SL, Bay Creek, Pope Co., Illinois, USA, 18 April 2007.

FIG. 1 in Systematics of the Stripetail Darter, Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam), and the Distinctiveness of the Upper Cumberland Endemic Etheostoma cumberlandicum Jordan and Swain

FIG. 1. Geographic distribution of Etheostoma kennicotti sensu lato and Etheostoma cumberlandicum and sampling locations of specimens used in molecular and morphological analyses. The populations in the Green River system, the Laurel River system, and the Tennessee River system (partitioned between lower and upper Tennessee River) are each considered undescribed species currently listed as E. kennicotti.

FIG. 4 in Systematics of the Stripetail Darter, Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam), and the Distinctiveness of the Upper Cumberland Endemic Etheostoma cumberlandicum Jordan and Swain

FIG. 4. Morphological disparity in Etheostoma kennicotti sensu lato and Etheostoma cumberlandicum. (A) Plot of first and second principal component scores of meristic traits in Etheostoma kennicotti sensu lato and Etheostoma cumberlandicum. (B) Mahalanobis distances of PC scores for contrasts of species in the Etheostoma kennicotti complex. In each comparison, the red and blue lineages on the cytb phylogeny are contrasted. A lineage that is a dashed branch is not included in the contrast. The comparison between the upper (U.) Tennessee and lower (L.) Tennessee River is considered an intraspecific contrast.

FIG. 3. Population structure inferred from 25 in Systematics of the Stripetail Darter, Etheostoma kennicotti (Putnam), and the Distinctiveness of the Upper Cumberland Endemic Etheostoma cumberlandicum Jordan and Swain

FIG. 3. Population structure inferred from 25 microsatellite loci. (A) Hierarchical STRUCTURE analysis identifies 18 genetic clusters (K). Optimal K values for each round of hierarchical clustering are shown. (B) STRUCTURE results for K ¼ 6. Pie charts represent average ancestry coefficients for each sampling locality. The phylogeny is redrawn from Figure 2A.

Figure 3 in Characterisation of the complete mitochondrial genome of the imperiled Pearl darter Percina aurora (Perciformes: Percidae)

Figure 3. Selective pressure analysis in the protein coding genes of Percina aurora. Top: KA value for each protein-coding gene. Middle: KS value for each protein-coding gene. Bottom: KA/KS ratio for each protein-coding gene.

Figure 1 in Characterisation of the complete mitochondrial genome of the imperiled Pearl darter Percina aurora (Perciformes: Percidae)

Figure 1. Circular representation of Percina aurora mitochondrial genome. Photo credit: United States Fish and Wildlife Service (used with permission).

Figure 5 in Characterisation of the complete mitochondrial genome of the imperiled Pearl darter Percina aurora (Perciformes: Percidae)

Figure 5. Features present in the Control Region (CR) (987 bp) of the Percina aurora mitogenome. The CR is separated into an extended termination-associated sequence domain (ETAS), a core domain, and a conserved sequence block (CSB) domain. The underlined portion denotes the long tandem repeat sequence within the ETAS domain. The blue-green highlighted sequence represents the ETAS 1 region while the blue highlighted sequence represents the ETAS 2 region. Nucleotides in green, yellow and pink correspond to the F-box, E-box and D-box regions within the central domain, respectively. Nucleotides in cyan, red and dark green correspond to the CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3 regions, respectively.

Figure 4 in Characterisation of the complete mitochondrial genome of the imperiled Pearl darter Percina aurora (Perciformes: Percidae)

Figure 4. Visualisation of the tRNA secondary structure in the mitochondrial genome of Percina aurora.

Figure 2 in Characterisation of the complete mitochondrial genome of the imperiled Pearl darter Percina aurora (Perciformes: Percidae)

Figure 2. Codon usage in 13 protein coding genes of Percina aurora. Columns indicate the relative frequency of synonymous codons separated by amino acid.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

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Data from: Phylogenomic signatures of ancient introgression in a rogue lineage of darters (Teleostei: Percidae)

Evolutionary history is typically portrayed as a branching phylogenetic tree, yet not all evolution proceeds in a purely bifurcating manner. Introgressive hybridization is one process that results in reticulate evolution. Most known examples of genome-wide introgression occur among closely related species with relatively recent common ancestry; however, we present evidence for ancient hybridization and genome-wide introgression between major stem lineages of darters, a species-rich clade of North American freshwater fishes. Previous attempts to resolve the relationships of darters have been confounded by the uncertain phylogenetic resolution of the lineage Allohistium. In this study we investigate the phylogenomics of darters, specifically the relationships of Allohistium, through analyses of ~30,000 RADseq loci sampled from 112 species. Our phylogenetic inferences are based on traditional approaches in combination with strategies that accommodate reticulate evolution. These analyses result in a novel phylogenetic hypothesis for darters that includes ancient introgression involving Allohistium and other two major darter lineages, minimally occurring 20 million years ago. Darters offer a compelling case for the necessity of incorporating phylogenetic networks in reconstructing the evolutionary history of diversification in species-rich lineages. We anticipate that the growing wealth of genomic data for clades of non-model organisms will reveal more examples of ancient hybridization, eventually requiring a re-evaluation of how evolutionary history is visualized and utilized in macroevolutonary investigations.

FIGURE 6 in Three new darter species of the Etheostoma percnurum species complex (Percidae, subgenus Catonotus) from the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages

FIGURE 6. Typical head pigmentation of juveniles of the (A) E. percnurum species complex and the (B) E. flabellare species complex (modified from Jenkins and Burkhead 1994). Figures also show variation in snout pigmentation and fin pigmentation characteristic of both adults and juveniles of each.

FIGURE 2 in Three new darter species of the Etheostoma percnurum species complex (Percidae, subgenus Catonotus) from the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages

FIGURE 2. Truss network used for morphometric analysis of E. percnurum. Letters and numbers represent points of measurement.

FIGURE 1 in Three new darter species of the Etheostoma percnurum species complex (Percidae, subgenus Catonotus) from the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages

FIGURE 1. Distribution of the Etheostoma percnurum species complex. For E. sitikuense, a closed circle represents the extant population in Citico Creek; open circles represent the extirpated but recently introduced population in Abrams Creek and the introduced population in Tellico River. For E. marmorpinnum, the black square represents the extant population in the Little River; the gray square denotes the extirpated South Fork Holston population.

FIGURE 4 in Three new darter species of the Etheostoma percnurum species complex (Percidae, subgenus Catonotus) from the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages

FIGURE 4. Nuptial male pigmentation patterns for (A) Etheostoma percnurum, Copper Creek, VA, (B) E. marmorpinnum, Little River–Tennessee drainage, (C) E. sitikuense, Citico Creek, Abrams Creek, and Tellico River–Little Tennessee system, and (D) E. lemniscatum, Big South Fork–Cumberland drainage. Illustrations by J. Sipiorski, 2008.

FIGURE 3 in Three new darter species of the Etheostoma percnurum species complex (Percidae, subgenus Catonotus) from the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages

FIGURE 3. Sheared principal components analysis of morphometric characters for males of the E. percnurum species complex. Component loadings are provided in the text.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

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Data from: A new species of spottail darter endemic to the Clarks River in Kentucky and Tennessee (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Etheostoma)

Etheostoma xanthovum, the Clarks Darter, is described as a new species endemic to the Clarks River in Kentucky and Tennessee, USA. Etheostoma xanthovum was previously delimited as Etheostoma oophylax, the Guardian Darter, based on morphological trait data. Subsequent to the description of E. oophylax, molecular phylogenetic analyses consistently resolved specimens from the Clarks River system and E. chienense, the Relict Darter, as sister species, which together formed a sister clade to all other sampled populations of E. oophylax. Our analyses of morphological traits, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and genomic sampling using double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing support the distinctiveness of Etheostoma xanthovum. Morphologically, Etheostoma xanthovum, differs from Etheostoma oophylax in the number of dorsal fin rays (12 versus 11), anal fin rays (8 versus 7), and in the number of scale rows around the caudal peduncle (21.8 versus 20.37). Etheostoma xanthovum does not share mtDNA haplotypes with Etheostoma oophylax or Etheostoma chienense. Phylogenomic analysis of an average of 28,448 ddRAD loci per sampled specimen resolves Etheostoma xanthovum and Etheostoma chienense as sister species, and assessment of genomic divergence supports the hypothesis that each of these two species represents a distinct and independently evolving lineage. In addition, we report a range extension of Etheostoma oophylax in the Obion River system, a direct tributary of the Mississippi River.