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885 results for “data strategy”

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dryad40/100

Data from: Selection on an extreme-yet-conserved larval life-history strategy in a tapeworm

Evolutionary stasis characterizes many phenotypes, even ones that seem suboptimal. Among tapeworms, Schistocephalus solidus and its relatives have some of the shortest developmental times in their first intermediate hosts, yet their development still seems excessively long considering they can grow faster, larger, and safer in the next hosts in their complex life cycles. I conducted four generations of selection on the developmental rate of S. solidus in its copepod first host, pushing a conserved-but-counterintuitive phenotype towards the limit of known tapeworm life-history strategies. Faster parasite development evolved and enabled earlier infectivity to the stickleback next host, but low heritability for infectivity moderated fitness gains. Fitness losses were more pronounced for slow-developing parasite families, irrespective of selection line, because directional selection released linked genetic variation for reduced infectivity to copepods, developmental stability, and fecundity. This deleterious variation is normally suppressed, implying development is canalized and thus under stabilizing selection. Nevertheless, faster development was not costly; fast-developing genotypes did not decrease copepod survival, even under host starvation, nor did they underperform in the next hosts, suggesting parasite stages in successive hosts are genetically decoupled. I speculate that, on longer time scales, the ultimate cost of abbreviated development is reduced size-dependent infectivity.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Replication data in the form of simulation outputs for "The joint evolution of animal movement and competition strategies"

This version of the data is a re-upload of an identical dataset uploaded to DataverseNL. The data are being uploaded here for uniformity of archiving with the other supplementary materials accompanying the manuscript, "The joint evolution of animal movement and competition strategies", which is accepted for publication in The American Naturalist. The dataset consists of a single zipped folder, data/, which contains subfolders with the simulation specific data. These subfolders are named 'sim_SCENARIO_rep_NNN_gro_RMAX', where 'SCENARIO' refers to the three scenarios of the model described in our manuscript, 'NNN' is the replicate number, and 'RMAX' is the maximum cell productivity in that simulation. Each of the subfolders consists of the following: <ol> <li>The directory ‘depends/’, which holds the ‘extract.exe’ program. This program is used to extract specific data from the stored simulation output.</li> <li>The ‘sourceMe.R’ file allows the ‘extract.exe’ program to be linked to R, delivering the required data as a list object that can be handled in R.</li> <li>The stored simulation data on agents, as a series of ‘.arc’ and ‘.bin’ files.</li> <li>The ecological snapshots of the landscape, with prey items, foragers, kleptoparasites, and handlers (depending on the scenario), which are stored as PNG files named ‘00NNN.png’, where NNN is a three digit representation of the generation number (e.g. 001 for generation 1).</li> <li>Cumulative sums of the numbers of prey items, foragers, kleptoparasites, the intake from foraging (searching for prey), and the intake from the kleptoparasitic strategy (searching for handlers), on each cell of the landscape, for each of the last 9 generations of the simulation, as ‘NNN.txt’, where LAYER may be ‘items’ (prey items), ‘foragers’ (foragers), ‘klepts’ (kleptoparasites), ‘foragers_intake’ (the intake from the foraging strategy), or ‘klepts_intake’ (the intake due the kleptoparasite strategy. NB: These files are not used in our analyses, and may be ignored.</li> </ol> 'SCENARIO' may be one of “foragers” (scenario 1), “obligate” (scenario 2), or “facultative” (scenario 3). 'NNN' may be one of “001”, “002”, or “003”. 'RMAX' may be one of “0.001”, “0.005”, “0.01”, “0.02”, “0.03”, “0.04”, or “0.05”. The manuscript presents results for 'RMAX' = 0.01.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

dryad40/100

Data for: Female foraging strategy co-evolve with sexual harassment intensity in the Trinidadian guppy

Sexual harassment is a widespread evolutionary outcome of sexual conflict over mating rates. Male harassment can impose costs on females, and females often change their behaviors to avoid unwanted attention. In Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata), females experience two potential sources of male harassment: coercive sneak mating behavior (more harmful, and common in high-predation populations) and courtship displays (less harmful, and common in low-predation populations). Here, we tested whether female foraging strategy co-evolves with decreasing levels of male harassment as guppies colonize low-predation environments. We set up outdoor stream mesocosms with ecologically naïve males and females from either a high- or a low-predation population in a 2x2 design and tested whether populations diverge in female response to male harassment. We found that low-predation males used more courtship and fewer sneak tactics than their natural high-predation ancestors. Male sneak behavior reduced female foraging efficiency, and this effect was stronger for high-predation females. We then tested whether a similar pattern evolved in a population where high-predation guppies were artificially introduced to a low-predation habitat 12 years ago. Unexpectedly, the introduced males had evolved decreased courtship and increased sneak tactics. Here, increased male courtship, but not increased sneak behavior, reduced female foraging efficiency, and this effect existed only in the introduced, low-predation population. Altogether, our results suggest that both male mating behaviors harass females to differing degrees; females evolve foraging behavior in response to divergence in male mating strategies, but populations may differ in strategies of enduring or ignoring unwanted attention.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

dryad40/100

Data from: Fungal symbionts generate water-saver and water-spender plant drought strategies via diverse effects on host gene expression

Panicum hallii var hallii HAL2 plants were inoculated individually with six foliar fungal endophytes or fungus-free controls and subjected to 5% or 20% soil moisture treatments. The fungi were selected for their previously observed effects on plant drought physiology, inducing either a "water saver" or a "water spender" strategy in the host. Plants were grown in enclosed microcosms to prevent cross-contamination and each treatment and control included 6 replicates. All fungi were Ascomycetes isolated from plants in central Texas. Plants were monitored for height, wilt, water loss, and survival. At the harvest, we also measured biomass and leaf colonization by the fungi and flash-froze leaf tissue for transcriptomic analyses. Both plant response and gene expression data are provided.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Reference data from the Pathomove simulation, for the manuscript "Novel pathogen introduction triggers rapid evolution in animal social movement strategies"

This is a reference dataset of multiple runs of the 'Pathomove' simulation, to accompany the manuscript "Novel pathogen introduction rapidly alters the evolution of movement, restructuring animal societies". The datasets are in the form of R data objects saved as Rds files. This version of the data is intended to accompany a resubmission to eLife.

openmit-licenseMar 2022View details →

zenodo40/100

Data from: A novel strategy based on Zn(II) porphyrins and silver nanoparticles to photoinactivate Candida albicans

Data supporting the figures presented in the research article "A novel strategy based on Zn(II) porphyrins and silver nanoparticles to photoinactivate Candida albicans" Background: Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been an attractive alternative to treat Candida albicans infections, especially considering the spread of resistant strains. The combination of the photophysical advantages of Zn(II) porphyrins (ZnPs) and the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has the potential to further improve PDI. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate PDI action in C. albicans using ZnTnHex-2-PyP4+ or ZnTE-2-PyP4+ associated with AgNPs. Methods: AgNPs stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were chosen to allow for (i) overlap between NP extinction and ZnP absorption spectra and (ii) favor AgNPs-ZnPs contact; prerequisites for exploring the plasmonic effect. Optical and zeta potential (ζ) characterizations were performed, and ROS generation was also evaluated. Yeasts were incubated with ZnPs alone or in combination with AgNPs (AgNPs-ZnPs systems), at various concentrations of ZnPs and two proportions of AgNPs, then irradiated with a blue LED. Interactions between yeasts and the systems (ZnP alone or AgNPs-ZnPs) were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Results: Subtle spectroscopic changes were observed for ZnPs after association with AgNPs, and the ζ analyses confirmed AgNPs-ZnPs interaction. PDI using ZnP-hexyl (0.8 µM) and ZnP-ethyl (5.0 µM) promoted a 3 and 2 log10 reduction of yeasts, respectively. On the other hand, AgNPs-ZnP-hexyl (0.2 µM) and AgNPs-ZnP-ethyl (0.6 µM) systems led to complete fungal eradication under the same parameters and lower porphyrin concentrations. An increase in the ROS level was observed when ZnPs were associated with AgNPs. Enhanced interaction of yeasts with AgNPs-ZnPs was observed, when compared with ZnPs alone. Conclusion: We hypothesize that the plasmonic effect combined with the greater interactions between cells and AgNPs-ZnPs systems resulted in an efficient and improved C. albicans yeast PDI, encouraging further developments toward inactivation of resistant Candida spp.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Data and Code for the paper "GUI Testing of Android Applications: Investigating the Impact of the Number of Testers on Different Exploratory Testing Strategies"

This package contains data and code to replicate the findings presented in our paper titled "GUI Testing of Android Applications: Investigating the Impact of the Number of Testers on Different Exploratory Testing Strategies". Abstract Graphical User Interface (GUI) testing plays a pivotal role in ensuring the quality and functionality of mobile apps. In this context, Exploratory Testing (ET), a distinctive methodology in which individual testers pursue a creative, and experience-based approach to test design, is often used as an alternative or in addition to traditional scripted testing. Managing the exploratory testing process is a challenging task, that can easily result either in wasteful spending or in inadequate software quality, due to the relative unpredictability of exploratory testing activities, which depend on the skills and abilities of individual testers. A number of works have investigated the diversity of testers’ performance when using ET strategies, often in a crowdtesting setting. These works, however, investigated ET effectiveness in detecting bugs, and not in scenarios in which the goal is to generate a re-executable test suite, as well. Moreover, less work has been conducted on evaluating the impact of adopting different exploratory testing strategies. As a first step towards filling this gap in the literature, in this work we conduct an empirical evaluation involving four open-source Android apps and twenty masters students, that we believe can be representative of practitioners partaking in exploratory testing activities. The students were asked to generate test suites for the apps using a Capture and Replay tool and different exploratory testing strategies. We then compare the effectiveness, in terms of aggregate code coverage, that different-sized groups of students using different exploratory testing strategies may achieve. Results provide deeper insights into code coverage dynamics to project managers interested in using exploratory  approaches to test simple Android apps, on which they can make more informed decisions.   Contents and Instructions This package contains: <ul> <li>apps-under-test.zip A zip archive containing the source code of the four Android applications we considered in our study, namely MunchLife, TippyTipper, Trolly, and SimplyDo.</li> <li>apps-under-test-instrumented.zip A zip archive containing the instrumented source code of the four Android applications we used to compute branch coverage.</li> <li>students-test-suites.zip A zip archive containing the test suites developed by the students using Uninformed Exploratory Testing (referred to as "Black Box" in the subdirectories) and Informed Exploratory Testing (referred to as "White Box" in the subdirectories). This also includes coverage reports.</li> <li>compute-coverage-unions.zip A zip archive containing Python scripts we developed to compute the aggregate LOC coverage of all possible subsets of students. The scripts have been tested on MS Windows. To compute the LOC coverage achieved by any possible subsets of testers using IET and UET strategies, run the analysisAndReport.py script. To compute the LOC coverage achieved by mixed crowds in which some testers use a U+IET approach and others use a UET approach, run the analysisAndReport_UET_IET_combinations_emma.py script.</li> <li>branch-coverage-computation.zip A zip archive containing Python scripts we developed to compute the aggregate branch coverage of all considered subsets of students. The scripts have been tested on MS Windows. To compute the branch coverage achieved by any possible subsets of testers using UET and I+UET strategies, run the branch_coverage_analysis.py script. To compute the code coverage achieved by mixed crowds in which some testers use a U+IET approach and others use a UET approach, run the mixed_branch_coverage_analysis.py script.</li> <li>data-analysis-scripts.zip A zip archive containing R scripts to merge and manipulate coverage data, to carry out statistical analysis and draw plots. All data concerning RQ1 and RQ2 is available as a ready-to-use R data frame in the ./data/all_coverage_data.rds file. All data concerning RQ3 is available in the ./data/all_mixed_coverage_data.rds file.</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

dryad40/100

Data from: Phosphorus storage and utilization strategies of two bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacteria

The inter-relationships between cellular phosphorus (P) storage, dissolved inorganic P (DIP) uptake affinity, alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were studied in two ubiquitous diazotrophic freshwater cyanobacteria, Raphidiopsis raciborskii (six strains) and Chrysosporum ovalisporum (two strains). DIP uptake kinetics were measured using rates of incorporation of the radio-isotope, 33P, and APA as a proxy for DOP-ester utilization. The study showed that DIP uptake of individual strains followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics (modified in our study to incorporate cellular P quotas), but differed with DIN and P availability, and between growth stages. High-affinity DIP uptake and APA were activated below a P quota threshold of ~0.01 µg P µg-1 C across the species and strains. C. ovalisporum had significantly higher APA and P quotas (per unit C and cell) but lower uptake affinity than R. raciborskii. Demand for DIP by C.ovalisporum increased when N fixation occurred, but typically not for R.raciborskii. Our results indicate that cyanobacterial species and strains differ in their strategies to P limiting conditions, and highlight the interplay between N and P. Physiological adaptations like APA and diazotrophy of cyanobacteria adapting to low-DIP and/or DIN conditions, may occur simultaneously and drive species dominance in oligotrophic environments.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

dryad40/100

Data from: Thermal plasticity in development and diapause strategy in a temperate butterfly across a latitudinal gradient

<ol> <li>Trade-offs among traits are central to life-history theory and often closely linked to an organism's fitness. Understanding how these trade-offs vary among populations and across environments is therefore important to more accurately predict species' responses to future climate change. However, the extent to which responses vary across populations remains unknown because few studies investigate intraspecific differences. </li> <li>We performed a full-factorial split-brood common garden experiment to test how variation in rearing temperature affects developmental timing and other traits important for survival during diapause in the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia). Pre-diapause larvae originating from four regions across a latitudinal cline across Europe were reared at four temperatures (25, 28, 31, and 34 °C), and we used a reaction norm approach to test for evidence of genetic differentiation and variation in developmental plasticity across regions.</li> <li>We found clear signs of genetic differentiation in multiple developmental traits, as well as differences in developmental plasticity. Northern larvae entered diapause in the fourth instar when the temperatures were low, whereas southern larvae did so in the fifth instar. As a result, development time is canalized with regards to temperature in northern larvae: due to entering diapause one stage earlier, they develop fast even in the cold, whereas southern larvae always develop slower, especially at low temperatures. As a trade-off, northern larvae have a lower body mass when reared at cooler temperatures compared to southern larvae, and they show increased plasticity in diapause mass. No clear clinal patterns were found in relative fat content.</li> <li>Our results show that trade-offs between body size, development time and growth rate can vary within species living across environmental clines, possibly as a consequence of natural selection to local environmental conditions or other genetic constraints. This variation highlights the importance of recognising the context-dependency of relationships between important life-history traits and their interactions with local environments in predicting species' responses to climate change.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Replication data for: The Effect of IS-Innovation Strategy Alignment on Corporate Performance: Investigating the Role of Environmental Uncertainty by Heterogeneity

A base de dados técnico-científica de 856 empresas brasileiras examinou o alinhamento entre sistemas de informação estratégicos (ISS), na abordagem da estratégia como prática,  e inovação de exploration e exploitation, e seu impacto no desempenho corporativo (CP) sobre incerteza ambiental. Os resultados mostram que todos os tipos de alinhamento entre ISS e inovação influenciam positivamente o CP. O alinhamento com inovação ambidestra teve um impacto 62% maior no CP do que o alinhamento com inovações incrementais. Além disso, inovações disruptivas tiveram efeitos positivos em ambientes hostis, enquanto inovações exploratórias e ambidestras tiveram impactos fortes em ambientes altamente dinâmicos.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Vaccination of poultry against highly pathogenic avian influenza – part 1. Available vaccines and vaccination strategies. Annex A–Supplementary information on ToR 1 data

Table A.1 - Available vaccines for HPAI in poultry. The table includes information on vaccine characteristics such as HA seed strain, vaccine dosage and administration route, target species, authorisation status, challenge strain, duration of immunity and source of information. Table A.2 - Challenge experiments. The table includes data extracted from 28 selected studies from literature on challenge experiments. The data was used to quantify VES, VEm, VEsh and VEs,sh for each vaccine assessed within each study. For each value of VEs,sh the probability Rvac < 1 was estimated to infer the probability of the vaccine to potentially stop transmission in vaccinated birds (VET). Table A.3 - Transmission experiments. The table includes data extracted from 12 studies from the literature, data was used from the unvaccinated and vaccinated groups to quantify VES, VEm, VEsh and VEs,sh for each vaccine assessed within each study; the estimated R values for the unvaccinated (Runv) and vaccinated (Rvac) groups were also extracted. The Rvac values were used to create a binomial variable classifying whether the vaccine could stop transmission (R < 1) or not.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov40/100

Testing a Novel Data-to-Suppression (D2S) Intervention Strategy in the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05140421. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

dryad40/100