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468 results for “decidualization”
Fig. 8 in Lower deciduous tooth homologies in Erethizontidae (Rodentia, Hystricognathi): Evolutionary significance
Fig. 8. Lower deciduous tooth of Branisamys luribayensis (GN014, type of Villarroelomys bolivianus), from Patterson and Wood (1982), showing the homologiesproposedinthisstudy(A),andbyPattersonandWood(1982)(B).
Fig.7 in Lower deciduous tooth homologies in Erethizontidae (Rodentia, Hystricognathi): Evolutionary significance
Fig.7.Lowerdeciduousteeth(dp4)of"caviomorphs". A, B. Protacaremys; MLP 85−VII−131 (right dp4) (A); MLP 85−VII−3−128 (right dp4) (B). C. Acarechimys MLP82−XII−1−6 (left dp4), D, E. Sciamys; MLP82−V−2−33 (left dp4) (D); MLP 15−197 (left dp4) (E). F. Protadelphomys MPEF 5050 (left dp4). Not to scale.
Fig. 2 in Lower deciduous tooth homologies in Erethizontidae (Rodentia, Hystricognathi): Evolutionary significance
Fig. 2. Schematic drawings of lower deciduous teeth of selected "caviomorphs" taken from Patterson and Wood (1982). A. Erethizon dorsatum MCZ no. 51367. B. Prospaniomys priscus AMNH no 29697. C. Erethizon dorsatum MCZ no. B 7752. D. Protacaremys prior AMNH 29707. E. Protacaremys prior FMNHP13295. F. Protacaremys prior AMNH29692.
FIGURE 12 in Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)
FIGURE 12. Results of the phylogenetic analysis of Hyaenodonta character-taxon matrix including deciduous dental characters. Results are visualized as an "allcompat" (majority rule plus compatible groups) consensus tree. Posterior probabilities (PP) are placed over each node. Bold taxa are scored for deciduous dental characters. Major, named clades recovered or discussed in this analysis and recovered in other analyses are illustrated.
FIGURE 11 in Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)
FIGURE 11. Metasinopa sp. right dentary with dC, dP4, M1, M2 and I, C, P2, P3, P4 M3 in crypts (DPC 4544) from Quarry V (early Oligocene), Fayum Depression, Egypt. Original specimen figured with digital model based on µ-CT scans reconstructed in Avizo. Dentary rendered transparent to reveal developing dentition. Grey, deciduous dentition. Yellow, permanent dentition. 1) specimen occlusal view; 2) model occlusal view; 3) specimen lingual view; 4) model lingual view; 5) specimen buccal view; and 6) model buccal view. Scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 10 in Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)
FIGURE 10. Metasinopa sp. left maxilla fragments with dP3, dP4, and M1 (DPC 10199) from Quarry V (early Oligocene), Fayum Depression, Egypt in 1) occlusal view; 2) buccal view; and 3) lingual view. Note that there is matrix around the roots of the specimens that has been cropped to make the dentition easier to view. Scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 7. Masrasector nananubis left maxillae from Locality 41 in Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)
FIGURE 7. Masrasector nananubis left maxillae from Locality 41 (latest Eocene), Fayum Depression, Egypt. Original specimens figured with digital models based on µ-CT scans reconstructed in Avizo. Maxilla rendered transparent to reveal developing dentition. Grey, deciduous dentition. Yellow, permanent dentition. DPC 20882 is a left maxilla fragment that preserves dP3 and dP4 and no indication of developing permanent dentition. 1) specimen occlusal view; 2) model occlusal view; 3) specimen buccal view; 4) model buccal view; 5) specimen lingual view; 6) model lingual view. DPC 13837 is a left maxilla fragment that preserves erupted dP3, dP4, and M1 and P3 and P4 developing in crypts. 7) specimen occlusal view; 8) model occlusal view; 9) specimen buccal view; 10) model buccal view; 11) specimen lingual view; 12) model lingual view. Scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 8 in Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)
FIGURE 8. Masrasector nananubis right dentary with erupted dC, dP2, dP3, and dP4, M1 alveoli and P2, P3, and M2 in crypts (DPC 18276) from Locality 41 (latest Eocene), Fayum Depression, Egypt. Original specimen figured with digital model based on µ-CT scans reconstructed in Avizo. Dentary rendered transparent to reveal developing dentition. Grey, deciduous dentition. Yellow, permanent dentition. 1) specimen occlusal view; 2) model occlusal view; 3) specimen lingual view; 4) model lingual view; 5) specimen buccal view; 6) model buccal view. Scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 9 in Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)
FIGURE 9. Masrasector nananubis left dentary with erupted dP3, dP4, M1 and M2 and P2, P3, and M3 in crypts (DPC 10358) from Locality 41 (latest Eocene), Fayum Depression, Egypt. Original specimen figured with digital model based on µ-CT scans reconstructed in Avizo. Dentary rendered transparent to reveal developing dentition. Grey, deciduous dentition. Yellow, permanent dentition. 1) specimen occlusal view; 2) model occlusal view; 3) specimen lingual view; 4) model lingual view; 5) specimen buccal view; 6) model buccal view. Scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)
FIGURE 5. Anasinopa libyca left dentary with dP3 and dP4 from Gebel Zelten (middle Miocene), Libya (BMNH M82378) in 1) occlusal view; 2) lingual view; 3) buccal view. Scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)
FIGURE 4. Anasinopa leakeyi left maxilla cast with dP2, dP3 and dP4 (KNM-RU 2385) from Rusinga Island (early Miocene), Kenya in 1) occlusal view; 2) buccal view; and 3) lingual view. Scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)
FIGURE 6. Dissopsalis pyroclasticus left maxilla with dP3 and dP4 (KNM-FT 3357) from Fort Ternan (early Miocene), Kenya in 1) occlusal view; 2) buccal view; and 3) lingual view. Scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)
FIGURE 2. Apterodon macrognathus left dentary with dP3, dP4, M1 and M2 in crypt (DPC 8217) from Quarry M (early Oligocene) in the Fayum Depression, Egypt. Original specimen figured with digital model based on µ-CT scans reconstructed in Avizo. Mandibular corpus rendered transparent to reveal developing dentition. Grey, deciduous dentition. Yellow, permanent dentition. 1) Specimen occlusal view; 2) model occlusal view; 3) specimen lingual view; 4) model lingual view; 5) specimen buccal view; 6) model buccal view. Scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)
FIGURE 1. Apterodon macrognathus left maxilla fragment with dP4 and alveoli of dP3 (DPC 4126) from Quarry M (early Oligocene) in the Fayum Depression, Egypt in 1) occlusal view; 2) buccal view; and 3) lingual view. Scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)
FIGURE 3. Leakitherium hiwegi maxilla fragments from Rusinga Island (early Miocene), Kenya. KNM-RU 2949 (CMF 4025 in Savage, 1965) is a left maxilla fragment dP3 and dP4 shown in 1) occlusal view; 2) buccal view; and 3) lingual view. KNM-RU 15182 is a right maxilla fragment with dP3 and dP4 and the germ of P4 shown in 4) occlusal view; 5) buccal view; 6) lingual view; 7) dorsal view; 8) and distal view. The well-developed germ of P4 is best viewed in dorsal and distal view. Specimens are to scale and scale bar is 10 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Deciduous dentition and dental eruption sequence of Bothriogenys fraasi (Anthracotheriidae, Artiodactyla) from the Fayum Depression, Egypt
FIGURE 2. Dental terminology used to describe features of the deciduous premolars of Bothriogenys fraasi, following Bärmann and Rössner (2011).
FIGURE 1. 1 in Deciduous dentition and dental eruption sequence of Bothriogenys fraasi (Anthracotheriidae, Artiodactyla) from the Fayum Depression, Egypt
FIGURE 1. 1, location map of the Jebel Qatrani area, Fayum Depression. 2, stratigraphic positions and age estimates for major mammal-bearing fossil localities, following Seiffert (2006), EOB is abbreviation for Eocene Oligocene Boundary. 3, map of Jebel Qatrani area, showing different rock units, common landmarks and the approximate position of anthracothere-bearing fossil localities.
Text-fig. 4. Tooth replacement by the barbary ground squirrel (Atlantoxerus getulus). a – right maxillary with DP3–M3 (MNCN- 5522) showing the relative position of the two deciduous teeth; b – right maxillary with P3–M3 (MNCN-5538) showing the replacement of the DP4 by the P4 (not erupted). Blue: DP4; green: P4; yellow DP3; red: P3. in Dental Anomaly In A Middle Miocene Fossil Of The Genus Spermophilinus (Rodentia, Sciuridae) From Southern Germany
Text-fig. 4. Tooth replacement by the barbary ground squirrel (Atlantoxerus getulus). a – right maxillary with DP3–M3 (MNCN- 5522) showing the relative position of the two deciduous teeth; b – right maxillary with P3–M3 (MNCN-5538) showing the replacement of the DP4 by the P4 (not erupted). Blue: DP4; green: P4; yellow DP3; red: P3.
Data for: Genomic vulnerability to climate change in Quercus acutissima, a dominant tree species in East Asian deciduous forests
<p><span>Understanding the evolutionary processes that shape the landscape of genetic variation and influence the response of species to future climate change is critical for biodiversity conservation. Here, we sampled </span><span>27</span><span> populations across the distribution range of a dominant forest tree, <em>Quercus</em> <em>acutissima</em>, in East Asia, and applied genome-wide analyses to track the evolutionary history and predict the fate of populations under future climate. We found two genetic groups (East and West) in <em>Q</em>. <em>acutissima</em> that diverged during the Pliocene. </span><span>We also found</span><span> a heterogeneous landscape of genomic variation in this species</span><span>, which may have been shaped by </span><span>population demography and </span><span>linked selections</span><span>.</span><span> Using genotype-environment association analyses, we identified climate-associated SNPs in a diverse set of genes and functional categories, indicating a model of polygenic adaptation in <em>Q</em>. acutissima<em>.</em> We further estimated three genetic offset metrics to quantify genomic vulnerability of this species to climate change due to the complex interplay </span><span>between</span><span> local adaptation</span><span> and</span><span> migration</span><span>.</span><span> We found that marginal populations are under </span><span>higher</span><span> risk of local extinction</span><span> because of</span><span> future climate change</span><span>, and may not be able to track </span><span>suitable habitats </span><span>to maintain the gene-environment relationships observed under the current climate.</span><span> We also detected higher reverse genetic offsets in northern China, indicating that genetic variation currently present in the whole range of <em>Q</em>. <em>acutissima</em> may not adapt to future climate conditions in this area.</span> <span>Overall, this study</span><span> illustrates how evolutionary</span><span> processes </span><span>have</span><span> shaped the landscape of genomic variation, and</span><span> provides a comprehensive genome-wide view of climate maladaptation in <em>Q</em>. <em>acutissima</em>.</span></p>
Dataset from: Ultraviolet refractive index values of organic aerosol extracted from deciduous forestry, urban and marine environments
<p>The refractive index values of atmospheric aerosols are required to address the large uncertainties in the magnitude of atmospheric radiative forcing and measurements of the refractive index dispersion with wavelength of particulate matter sampled from the atmosphere are rare over ultraviolet wavelengths. An ultraviolet-optimized spectroscopic system illuminates optically-trapped single particles from a range of tropospheric environments to determine the particle’s optical properties. Aerosol from remote marine, polluted urban, and forestry environments is collected on quartz filters, and the organic fraction is extracted and nebulized to form micron-sized spherical particles. The radius and the real component of refractive index dispersion with wavelength of the optically trapped particles are determined to a precision of 0.001 µm and 0.002 respectively over a near-ultraviolet-visible wavelength range of 0.320–0.480 µm. Remote marine aerosol is observed to have the lowest refractive index (n=1.442 (λ=0.350 µm)), with above-canopy rural forestry aerosol (n=1.462–1.481 (λ=0.350 µm)) and polluted urban aerosol (n=1.444–1.485 (λ=0.350 µm)) showing similar refractive index dispersions with wavelength. In-canopy rural forestry aerosol is observed to have the highest refractive index value (n=1.508 (λ=0.350 µm)). The study presents the first single particle measurements of the dispersion of refractive index with wavelength of atmospheric aerosol samples below wavelengths of 0.350 µm. The Cauchy dispersion equation, commonly used to describe the visible refractive index variation of aerosol particles, is demonstrated to extend to ultraviolet wavelengths below 0.350 µm for the urban, forestry, and atmospheric aerosol water-insoluble extracts from these environments. A 1D radiative-transfer calculation of the difference in top-of-the-atmosphere albedo between atmospheric core-shell mineral aerosol with and without films of this material demonstrates the importance of organic films forming on mineral aerosol.</p> <p>The raw experimental spectra collected and analysed in this study are provided, as well as files for the calibrated wavelengths.</p>
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