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181 results for “diet composition”
Diet composition of moose (Alces alces) in winter, Sweden
<p><span>1. </span><span>Differences in botanical diet compositions among a large number of moose fecal samples </span><span>collected during winter correlated with the nutritional differences identified in the same </span><span>samples </span><span>(Mantel-r = 0.89, p = 0.001)</span><span>, but the nutritional differences were significantly smaller </span><span>(p < 0.001)</span><span>.</span></p> <p><span>2. Nutritional geometry revealed that moose mixed Scots pine <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> and <em>Vaccinium</em> </span><span>spp. as nutritionally complementary foods to reach a nutritional target resembling <em>Salix</em> spp. </span><span>twigs, and selected for <em>Salix</em> spp. browse (Jacob's D > 0).</span></p> <p><span>3. Available protein (AP) and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) were significantly </span><span>correlated in observed diets but not in hypothetical diets based on food availability.</span></p> <p><span>4. The level of Acetoacetate in moose serum (i.e., 'starvation') was weakly negatively </span><span>associated with digestibility of diets (p = 0.08) and unrelated to increasing AP:TNC and </span><span>AP:NDF ratios in diets (p > 0.1).</span></p> <p><span>5. Our study is the first to demonstrate complementary feeding in free-ranging moose to attain a </span><span>nutritional target that has previously been suggested in a feeding trial with captive moose. </span><span>Our results add support to the hypothesis of nutritional balancing as a driver in the nutritional </span><span>strategy of moose with implications for both the management of moose and food resources.</span></p>
Data for: Ingredient and nutrient composition of brown bear diets
<p><span>The dietary nutrient profile has metabolic significance and possibly contributes to species' foraging behavior. The brown bear (<em>Ursus arctos</em>) was used as a model species for which dietary ingredient and nutrient concentrations as well as nutrient ratios were determined annually, seasonally and per reproductive class. Brown bears had a vertebrate- and ant-dominated diet in spring and early summer and a berry-dominated diet in fall, which translated into protein-rich and carbohydrate-rich diets, respectively. Fiber concentrations appeared constant over time and averaged at 25 % of dry matter intake. Dietary ingredient proportions differed between reproductive classes; however, these differences did not translate into a difference in dietary nutrient concentrations, suggesting that bears manage to maintain similar nutrient profiles with selection of different ingredients. In terms of nutrient ratios, the dietary protein to non-protein ratio, considered optimal at around 0.2 (on metabolizable energy basis), averaged around 0.2 in this study in fall and around 0.8 in spring and summer. We introduced the minimal non-fat to fat ratio necessary for efficient maintenance metabolism. This ratio varied across seasons but never fell beneath the theoretically estimated minimum to ensure metabolic efficiency. This population thus managed to ingest diets that never exerted a lack of glucogenic substrate, suggesting that metabolic efficiency may either be a driver of active diet selection or that natural resources available to bears did not constitute a constraint in this respect. Given the considerable proportion of fiber in the diet of brown bears, the relevance of this nutrient and its role in foraging behavior might be underestimated.</span></p>
Gut microbe compositions in High Fat diet
<p>This study aimed to explore the relationship between the gut microbiome and liver function, with the objective of identifying a specific bacterial species that may exhibit beneficial effects in improving the symptoms of NAFLD. We conducted a comparative analysis of the gut microbiome composition between mice fed a normal chow (NC) diet and mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet in order to identify specific gut microbes. The consumption of a high-fat diet led to a decrease in the prevalence of Kineothrix bacteria. To assess the effects of Kineothrix on liver health, we conducted a comparative analysis of the gut microbiome composition between mice fed a diet high in fat and fructose (HFHF), with and without the administration of Kineothrix.</p>
Omnivore diet composition effects on parasite load and host weight
<p>Diet composition modulates animals' ability to resist parasites and recover from stress. Broader diet breadths enable omnivores to mount dynamic responses to parasite attack, but little is known about how plant/prey mixing might influence responses to infection.</p> <p>Using omnivorous deer mice (<em><span>Peromyscus</span> maniculatus</em>) as a model, we examine how varying plant and prey concentrations in blended diets influence resistance and body condition following infestation by Rocky Mountain wood ticks (<em><span>Dermacentor</span> andersoni</em>).</p> <p>In two repeated experiments, deer mice fed for four weeks on controlled diets that varied in proportions of seeds and insects, were then challenged with 50 tick larvae in two sequential infestations.</p> <p>The numbers of ticks successfully feeding on mice declined by 25% and 66% after the first infestation (in the first and second experiments, respectively), reflecting a pattern of acquired resistance, and resistance was strongest when plant/prey ratios were more equally balanced in mouse diets, relative to seed-dominated diets.</p> <p>Diet also dramatically impacted the capacity of mice to cope with tick infestations. Mice fed insect-rich diets lost 15% of their body weight when parasitized by ticks, while mice fed seed-rich diets lost no weight at all.</p> <p>While mounting/maintaining an immune response may be energetically demanding, mice may compensate for parasitism with fat and carbohydrate-rich diets.</p> <p>Altogether, these results suggest that a diverse nutritional landscape may be key in enabling omnivores' resistance and resilience to infection and immune stressors in their environments.</p>
Effect of Intermittent Fasting and Mediterranean Diet on Body Composition and Nutritional Intake
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07378267. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Low-calorie Diet and Body Composition Prior to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02144597. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: DNA metabarcoding improves the taxonomic resolution of visually determined diet composition of beaked redfish (Sebastes sp.)
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Diet composition of moose (Alces alces) in winter, Sweden
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Phytochemical profiles of honey bees (Apis mellifera) and their larvae differ from the composition of their pollen diet
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Data from: Pollen diet, more than geographic distance, shapes provision microbiome composition in two species of cavity-nesting bees
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Data for: Ingredient and nutrient composition of brown bear diets
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Diet composition and social environment determine food consumption, phenotype and fitness in an omnivorous insect
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Data for: Species composition of shoreline wolf spider communities vary with salinity but their diets vary with wrack inflow
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Omnivore diet composition effects on parasite load and host weight
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Data from: Generalist predators function as pest specialists: Examining diet composition of spiders and ladybeetles across rice crop stages
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Plant communities, forage quality, and diet composition on summer ranges of mule deer (2017–2019), Wyoming, USA
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Data from: More than fish: Diet composition of fishing cats (Prionailurus viverrinus) in human-dominated landscape
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Diet composition and selection of Père David's deer in Hubei Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve, China
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Flexible diets enable pollinators to cope with changes in plant community composition
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Plausible causes of seed preferences and diet composition in seed-eating passerines
<p>We evaluated whether seed mass, handling time, handling efficiency and profitability account for (a) preferences in controlled experiments, and (b) field-diet composition of four bird species of the Monte desert, Argentina. The question of whether birds maximise their energy intake rates while feeding on seeds is assessed. We used feeding experiments with six native seed species of 0.07 – 0.75 mg (i.e. the seed-size range consumed in nature), which account for 0.59 – 0.84 of the field diet of the four birds. We measured seed-handling times, and used published information on bird preferences and diets, and on seed chemistry, for further calculations. Bird preferences were always positively related to seed mass, and also to seed profitability in the two intermediate-sized birds. Diet composition correlated positively with seed mass and negatively with seed profitability in three species, but some birds also showed a flexible behaviour eating the most attractive seeds according to their availability. This behaviour is not genuinely opportunistic because it only focuses on a restricted fraction of the total seed species present in the field. Contrary to expectations of species coexistence due to resource partitioning, small and large birds showed similar feeding efficiencies when eating the smaller and the larger seeds. The positive association between seed mass and profitability in several studies suggests that most birds can maximise their energy reward, on average and in the long term, by preferring the larger seeds. A combination of potential feeding optimisation with certain flexibility in the field may characterise the feeding ecology of desert seed-eating birds.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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