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217 results for “ecological association”
Data from: Hybridization associated with cycles of ecological succession in a passerine bird
Identifying the diversity of contexts that can lead to hybridization is important for understanding its prevalence and dynamics in natural populations. Despite the potential of ecological succession to dramatically alter species co-occurrence and abundances, it is unknown whether it directly promotes hybridization and, if so, has long-lasting consequences. Here, we summarize 30 years of survey data across 10 populations to show that in western and mountain bluebirds, heterospecific pairing occurs during repeatable and transient colonization events at the early stages of species turnover. Despite mixed pairing occurring only during early succession, genetic data showed presence of hybrids at both early and late successional stages. Moreover, hybrids showed novel patterns of variation in morphology and behavior, emphasizing that even ephemeral contexts for hybridization can have important evolutionary consequences. Our results suggest that because ecological succession often brings together closely related competitors in disparate numbers but lasts for only a brief period of time, it may be a widespread but underappreciated context for hybridization.
Data from: Buchnera has changed flatmate but the repeated replacement of co-obligate symbionts is not associated with the ecological expansions of their aphid hosts
Symbiotic associations with bacteria have facilitated important evolutionary transitions in insects and resulted in long-term obligate interactions. Recent evidence suggests that these associations are not always evolutionarily stable and that symbiont replacement and/or supplementation of an obligate symbiosis by an additional bacterium has occurred during the history of many insect groups. Yet, the factors favoring one symbiont over another in this evolutionary dynamic are not well understood; progress has been hindered by our incomplete understanding of the distribution of symbionts across phylogenetic and ecological contexts. While many aphids are engaged into an obligate symbiosis with a single Gammaproteobacterium, Buchnera aphidicola, in species of the Lachninae subfamily, this relationship has evolved into a "ménage à trois", in which Buchnera is complemented by a co-symbiont, usually Serratia symbiotica. Using deep sequencing of 16S rRNA bacterial genes from 128 species of Cinara (the most diverse Lachninae genus), we reveal a highly dynamic dual symbiotic system in this aphid lineage. Most species host both Serratia and Buchnera but, in several clades, endosymbionts related to Sodalis, Erwinia or an unnamed member of the Enterobacteriaceae have replaced Serratia. Endosymbiont genome sequences from four aphid species confirm that these co-resident symbionts fulfill essential metabolic functions not ensured by Buchnera. We further demonstrate through comparative phylogenetic analyses that co-symbiont replacement is not associated with the adaptation of aphids to new ecological conditions. We propose that symbiont succession was driven by factors intrinsic to the phenomenon of endosymbiosis, such as rapid genome deterioration or competitive interactions between bacteria with similar metabolic capabilities.
FIGURE 2. a in Notes on morphology and ecological difference between species of pontoniine shrimp genus Crinotonia Marin (Caridea: Palaemonidae) associated with shallow-water feather stars Phanogenia spp. (Crinoidea: Comasteridae)
FIGURE 2. a — Crinotonia attenuatus (Bruce, 1971), ovigerous female; b — Crinotonia anastasiae Marin, 2006, nonovigerous female; c, d — feather star Phanogenia gracilis (Hartlaub, 1890), host of Crinotonia attenuatus (Bruce, 1971), 15 m; e — yellow-black feather star Phanogenia sp., host of Crinotonia anastasiae Marin, 2006, 25 m; f — black feather star Phanogenia sp. (upper) and whitish-yellow Phanogenia gracilis (lower) living in the same habitats, depth 25 m.
FIGURE 1. Crinotonia anastasiae Marin, 2006 in Notes on morphology and ecological difference between species of pontoniine shrimp genus Crinotonia Marin (Caridea: Palaemonidae) associated with shallow-water feather stars Phanogenia spp. (Crinoidea: Comasteridae)
FIGURE 1. Crinotonia anastasiae Marin, 2006 (a, b, d) and Crinotonia attenuatus Bruce, (1971) (c, e, f): a, b — finger of major pereiopod II; c — chela of pereiopod I; d, e — dactylus of pereiopod III; f — appendix masculina.
FIGURE 3 in Ecological remarks and re-description of the hermit crab-associated pleustid amphipod Pleusymtes japonica (Gurjanova, 1938) (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pleustidae: Pleusymtinae) from the Russian coasts of the Sea of Japan
FIGURE 3. Pleusymtes japonica (Gurjanova, 1938), female: a—gnathopod I, b—gnathopod II, c—uropods III, d—telson.
FIGURE 2 in Ecological remarks and re-description of the hermit crab-associated pleustid amphipod Pleusymtes japonica (Gurjanova, 1938) (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pleustidae: Pleusymtinae) from the Russian coasts of the Sea of Japan
FIGURE 2. Pleusymtes japonica (Gurjanova, 1938), female: a—antennula, b—antenna, c—mandible, d—maxilla, e— maxilliped.
FIGURE 1. a in Ecological remarks and re-description of the hermit crab-associated pleustid amphipod Pleusymtes japonica (Gurjanova, 1938) (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pleustidae: Pleusymtinae) from the Russian coasts of the Sea of Japan
FIGURE 1. a—Pleusymtes japonica (Gurjanova, 1938) on hermit crab Pagurus middendorfii Brandt, 1851 in Rudnaya Bay, Sea of Japan (the specimen was not collected; photo A. Shpatak); b, d, e, f—Pleusymtes japonica (Gurjanova, 1938) on the shell occupied by hermit crab Pagurus ochotensis Brandt, 1851 at Furugelma Island, Sea of Japan (the shell is overgrown by hydroids of Hydractinia sp.); c—a pair of Pleusymtes japonica (Gurjanova, 1938) in the shell occupied by Pagurus ochotensis Brandt, 1851; g—fixed specimen of Pleusymtes japonica (Gurjanova, 1938); h—alive specimen of Pleusymtes japonica (Gurjanova, 1938). Arrows indicates specimens of amphipods. Scale—1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Ecological remarks and re-description of the hermit crab-associated pleustid amphipod Pleusymtes japonica (Gurjanova, 1938) (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pleustidae: Pleusymtinae) from the Russian coasts of the Sea of Japan
FIGURE 4. Pleusymtes japonica (Gurjanova, 1938), female: a—pereiopod IV, b—distal segments of pereiopod IV.
Fig. 3 in Vision-Linked Traits Associated With Antenna Size and Foraging Ecology Across Ants
Fig. 3. Mapped lateral eye positions according to ecology. Species indicated by circles, squares represent mean values for ecological binnings. (A) Eye position, both dorsoventral and anteroposterior, mapped on a theoretical ant head. Colors are indicative of foraging niche. (B) Eye position measurements with colors indicating trophic level. Illustrated head proportions based on ratio of mean head length and depth in lateral view across taxa sampled; head length is approximately 40% greater than head depth in profile view on average.
Fig. 1 in Vision-Linked Traits Associated With Antenna Size and Foraging Ecology Across Ants
Fig. 1. Variation among vision-based traits across sampled taxa. Pruned phylogenetic tree from Blanchard and Moreau (2017) with log adjusted ommatidia density mapped along branches.The raw units for ommatidia density are ommatidia per 1mm2. Ecological niche occupation indicated with icons and bar graph colors, includes foraging niche and trophic level. (Right) Eye area normalized by frontal head area across sampled species. Corresponding PGLS results in Fig. 2, Table 2.
Fig. 5 in Vision-Linked Traits Associated With Antenna Size and Foraging Ecology Across Ants
Fig. 5. Visual acuity and trophic level. (Left) Variation between eye area and ommatidia number across sampled ant species.Trophic level information displays omnivorous (n = 31) and predatory (n = 28) ant species. Unknowns are also included (n = 11).Trendline shows linear regression of ommatidia number and eye area (R2 = 0.7908, P = <2.2 x 10–16). Both measurements are scaled by frontal head area. (Right) Simplified, hypothetical representation of visual acuity based on ommatidia number.
Fig. 4 in Vision-Linked Traits Associated With Antenna Size and Foraging Ecology Across Ants
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares regression of scape length and eye traits. Results of linear regressions of visual traits against scape length; (A) ommatidia density R2 = 0.1754, P = 0.0004615; (B) eye height R2 = 0.4735, P = 5.40 x 10–10; (C) dorsoventral eye position R = 0.1365, P = 0.001975; (D) anteroposterior eye position R2 = 0.1286, P = 0.002643. Scape and eye height are scaled by head area. All specimens were included in analyses (n = 64); PGLS relationships from Blanchard and Moreau 2017. ** denotes P ≤ 0.01; *** P ≤ 0.001.
Data for : Ecological associations distribution modelling of marine plankton at global scale
<p>Git repository : https://gitlab.univ-nantes.fr/combi-ls2n/adm</p>
FIGURE 9 in Biogeographical affinity shapes relationships between ecological and phylogenetic mammal diversity and associations with their environmental correlates in the Americas
FIGURE 9. Non-stationary associations between ecological diversity (ED) and standard deviation in altitude (ALTstd). The maps show the spatial variation in local beta coefficients (b) for ALTstd as predictor of ED, obtained from the full model, i.e., including all environmental predictors and species richness (TR), after application of geographically weighted regression separately on data for each mammal group. Regions of (+) and negative (-) associations are indicated. Maps are in Mollweide equalarea projection. Dash lines on each map indicate the location of the tropics in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
FIGURE 5 in Biogeographical affinity shapes relationships between ecological and phylogenetic mammal diversity and associations with their environmental correlates in the Americas
FIGURE 5. Non-stationary associations between ecological diversity (ED) and net primary productivity (NPP). The maps show the spatial variation in local beta coefficients (b) for NPP as predictor of ED, obtained from the full model, i.e., including all environmental predictors and species richness (TR), after application of geographically weighted regression separately on data for each mammal group. Regions of (+) and negative (-) associations are indicated. Maps are in Mollweide equal-area projection. Dash lines on each map indicate the location of the tropics in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
FIGURE 4 in Biogeographical affinity shapes relationships between ecological and phylogenetic mammal diversity and associations with their environmental correlates in the Americas
FIGURE 4. Non-stationary associations between ecological diversity (ED) and mean annual temperature (TEMP). The maps show the spatial variation in local beta coefficients (b) for TEMP as predictor of ED, obtained from the full model, i.e., including all environmental predictors and species richness (TR), after application of geographically weighted regression separately on data for each mammal group. Regions of (+) and negative (-) associations are indicated. Maps are in Mollweide equal-area projection. Dash lines on each map indicate the location of tropics in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
FIGURE 8 in Biogeographical affinity shapes relationships between ecological and phylogenetic mammal diversity and associations with their environmental correlates in the Americas
FIGURE 8. Non-stationary associations between ecological diversity (ED) and coefficient of variation in annual precipitation (PRECcv). The maps show the spatial variation in local beta coefficients (b) for PRECcv as predictor of ED, obtained from the full model, i.e., including all environmental predictors and species richness (TR), after application of geographically weighted regression separately on data for each mammal group. Regions of (+) and negative (-) associations are indicated. Maps are in Mollweide equal-area projection. Dash lines on each map indicate the location of the tropics in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
FIGURE 7 in Biogeographical affinity shapes relationships between ecological and phylogenetic mammal diversity and associations with their environmental correlates in the Americas
FIGURE 7. Non-stationary associations between ecological diversity (ED) and annual range in temperature (TEMPr). The maps show the spatial variation in local beta coefficients (b) for TEMPr as predictor of ED, obtained from the full model, i.e., including all environmental predictors and species richness (TR), after application of geographically weighted regression separately on data for each mammal group. Regions of (+) and negative (-) associations are indicated. Maps are in Mollweide equalarea projection. Dash lines on each map indicate the location of the tropics in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
FIGURE 1 in Biogeographical affinity shapes relationships between ecological and phylogenetic mammal diversity and associations with their environmental correlates in the Americas
FIGURE 1. Spatial patterns of variation in the ecological diversity (ED) of different mammal groups over the Americas. Maps are in Mollweide equal-area projection. Dash lines on each map indicate the location of the tropics in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
FIGURE 14 in Biogeographical affinity shapes relationships between ecological and phylogenetic mammal diversity and associations with their environmental correlates in the Americas
FIGURE 14. Non-stationary associations between phylogenetic diversity (AvPD) and coefficient of variation in annual precipitation (PRECcv). The maps show the spatial variation in local beta coefficients (b) for PRECcv as predictor of AvPD, obtained from the full model, i.e., including all environmental predictors, after application of geographically weighted regression separately on data for each mammal group. Regions of (+) and negative (-) associations are indicated. Maps are in Mollweide equal-area projection. Dash lines on each map indicate the location of the tropics in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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