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78 results for “endemic bird”
Connecting Amazonian historical biogeography and local assemblages of understorey birds: recurrent guild proportionality within areas of endemism.
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Current diversity patterns in local communities result from historical and contemporary events that operate at distinct spatial and temporal scales. However, the contribution of local and large-scale processes in structuring species diversity remain a contentious topic in ecology. We investigated diversity patterns (species richness, composition and number of captures) of understorey bird assemblages in Amazonian unflooded (<em>terra firme</em>) forests. We sought to understand whether understorey bird assemblages in distinct areas of endemism show distinct patterns of diversity, and whether species replacements among areas of endemism occur while the proportion of species within guilds remains stable.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Amazonia.</p> <p><strong>Taxon: </strong>Understorey birds.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> To investigate diversity patterns, we compiled studies that mist-netted birds at 11 regions across seven Amazonian areas of endemism. We used coverage-based rarefaction curves, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and created a heatmap based on the proportion of captures in each area of endemism to access patterns of richness, composition and captures of understorey birds, respectively. The relative variance (RVgp index) was calculated to investigate the existence of guild proportionality within each area of endemism.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Bird assemblages diverged across the seven areas of endemism, in terms of species richness, composition and captures. However, the proportion of species and individuals within guilds was similar among areas of endemism, indicating that species replacements across areas of endemism occur while maintaining the same ecological functions. Guild proportionality suggests that interspecific competition and resource availability are more important than environmental heterogeneity in structuring understorey bird assemblages.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> The similar proportion of species within guilds suggest that interspecific competition and resource availability are more important than environmental heterogeneity in structuring local assemblages, possibly via a process of limiting similarity in morphological and functional traits. The observed congruent structure in understorey bird assemblages across areas of endemism shows that coupled historical and ecological processes, operating at local to large scales, have led to current patterns of diversity and composition in Amazonian bird communities.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic status of Paraguay's only endemic bird, the Chaco Nothura Nothura chacoensis (Aves: Tinamidae)
FIGURE 4. Typical territorial vocalizations of Nothura tinamous: N. boraquira (partial song of XC15370 from Bolivia by Juan Mazar Barnett); N. minor (partial song of XC283242 from Brazil by Robson Silva e Silva); N. darwinii (XC226707 from Peru by Peter Boesman); N. maculosa (XC319690 from Brazil by Robson Silva e Silva); and N. chacoensis (XC345716 from Paraguay by Oscar Rodríguez).
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic status of Paraguay's only endemic bird, the Chaco Nothura Nothura chacoensis (Aves: Tinamidae)
FIGURE 3. Principal component analysis of four morphometric variables for Nothura m. paludivaga and N. chacoensis.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic status of Paraguay's only endemic bird, the Chaco Nothura Nothura chacoensis (Aves: Tinamidae)
FIGURE 2. Ventral and dorsal views of Nothura specimens (all in FMNH) from the Paraguayan Chaco. From left to right: N. m. paludivaga with the palest underparts (16350), the type specimen (17653), and the darkest underparts (17657); N. chacoensis with the palest underparts (13665), the type specimen (12501), and the darkest underparts (12113); and a specimen of nominate N. m. maculosa (418092). Photo by Justin Ling.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic status of Paraguay's only endemic bird, the Chaco Nothura Nothura chacoensis (Aves: Tinamidae)
FIGURE 1. Distribution of Nothura chacoensis and three subspecies of N. maculosa in the Paraguayan Chaco, based on specimens examined in this study at the AMNH, FMHN, UMMZ, and specimens examined by Steinbacher (1962) and Short (1975) at SMF and ZFMK. The locations of our recordings of Nothura tinamou vocalizations are also plotted, demonstrating that they were within the geographical range of N. chacoensis but not that documented for N. maculosa.
Data from: A tight balance between natural selection and gene flow in a southern African arid-zone endemic bird
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Data from: Partial support for the central–marginal hypothesis within a population: reduced genetic diversity but not increased differentiation at the range edge of an island endemic bird
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Data from: Islands within islands: two montane paleo-endemic birds impacted by recent anthropogenic fragmentation
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Data from: Planning protected areas network that are relevant today and under future climate change is possible: the case of Atlantic Forest endemic birds
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Data from: Effects of climate change on habitat availability and configuration for an endemic coastal alpine bird
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Data from: Forecasting potential routes for movement of endemic birds among important sites for biodiversity in the Albertine Rift under projected climate change
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Elevation and landscape change drive the distribution of a montane, endemic grassland bird
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Connecting Amazonian historical biogeography and local assemblages of understorey birds: recurrent guild proportionality within areas of endemism.
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Data from: Plasticity in nesting adaptations of a tidal marsh endemic bird
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Male (left) and female Fire-maned Bowerbird Sericulus bakeri, the endemic bowerbird of the Adelbert Mountains (William Cooper, reproduced from Cooper & Forshaw 1977, with the kind permission of Dr Wendy Cooper) in Avifauna of the Adelbert Mountains, New Guinea: why is Fire-maned Bowerbird Sericulus bakeri the mountains' only endemic bird species?
Male (left) and female Fire-maned Bowerbird Sericulus bakeri, the endemic bowerbird of the Adelbert Mountains (William Cooper, reproduced from Cooper & Forshaw 1977, with the kind permission of Dr Wendy Cooper)
Fig. 2 in Haemoparasites in endemic and non-endemic passerine birds from central Mexico highlands
Fig. 2. Triple infection of Haemoproteus spp./Leucocytozoon spp./microfilaria in a Catharus occidentalis. (A). Leucocytozoon spp. () and Haemoproteus spp. () parasites. (B). Microfilaria (➤), Leucocytozoon spp. () and Haemoproteus spp. () parasites. (C). Catharus occidentalis infected. Photomicrographs. Scale-bar: 10 μm.
Breeding and feeding habitat selection by an island endemic bird may increase its vulnerability to climate change
<p>Characterising patterns of habitat use is an important first step for effective conservation planning. Species restricted to low-lying islands are at greatest risk from climate change-related sea level rise, and requirements for breeding and foraging habitat may determine their risk from tidal inundation. The endangered Micronesian Scrubfowl (<i>Megapodius laperouse senex</i>) is a model species for understanding these impacts. This species faces the cumulative challenges of tourist visitation, invasive species, and rising sea levels, yet little is understood about its habitat use in the Rock Islands Southern Lagoon Conservation Area (RISL) of Palau. We studied the habitat requirements of this mound-nesting scrubfowl as a representative of a group of birds considered highly vulnerable to climate change. Analysis of 15 habitat variables at 24 incubation mounds and 26 randomly chosen sites indicated that scrubfowl selected incubation sites that were close to shore, contained large trees, and exhibited greater canopy heights than the surrounding forest. Birds preferentially built mounds at the base of large ironwood trees (<i>Casuarina</i> <i>equisetifolia</i>) but selected sites with significantly more breadfruit trees (<i>Artocarpus mariannensis</i>) than random. Scrubfowl foraged in a non-preferential manner, making use of all littoral strand forest habitat. Direct anthropogenic habitat loss is not a major threat to scrubfowl in the RISL but their breeding habitat is highly vulnerable to climate change-driven sea level rise.</p>
Breeding and feeding habitat selection by an island endemic bird may increase its vulnerability to climate change
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OpenNeuro
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