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371 results for “forest ecosystem”
FIGURE 17 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 17. Coprosma propinqua (both LX3272, Shelter-62, scale bars equals 40 μm). A. Four stomatal complexes on abaxial surface with prominent fine ridges perpendicular to the stomatal pore. B. Zone of simple trichomes.
FIGURE 12. Kunzea ericoides. A in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 12. Kunzea ericoides. A. Abaxial surface, showing lid cell to left and stomatal complexes to right (LX3256, Shelter-62, scale bar equals 40 μm). B. Single lid cell (LX3253, Shelter-62, scale bar equals 40 μm).
FIGURE 8 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 8. Carmichaelia sp. cuticle morphology (Transmitted light microscopy). A. Showing transversely oriented stomatal complexes along the stem (long-axis of the stem is left-right) (LX2570, Shelter-46, scale bar equals 100 μm). B. Also with transversely oriented stomatal complexes, but including trichome attachment (arrowed, SL6583, LX2478, Coprolite-11, scale bar equals 100 μm).
FIGURE 5 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 5. Examples of shelters the Cromwell Region. A. Shelter-29. Note relict Sophora microphylla tree (c. 350 mm diameter) outside. B. Shelter-71 (arrowed). This picture encapsulates the typical rocky and treeless environment of the Gorges today – and how the record of the rock shelters represents tiny windows into the very different vegetation of the past. C. Shelter-58, view from within the shelter, out over Lake Dunstan in the Cromwell Gorge. D. Shelter-69 (arrowed) above the vehicle track. E. Shelter-31. Vehicle track in the background. F. Shelter-43 (arrowed). Longest icicles are about 400 mm. G. Shelter-83. Trowel (260 mm) for scale. H. Shelter-83, internal view to show 'piedmont' of remaining sediment. Grey and brown mid-late Holocene material is overlain by a post-European cap of light material with rabbit and sheep coprolites. Trowel (260 mm) for scale.
FIGURE 16 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 16. Myrsine divaricata cuticle morphology (Transmitted light microscopy). A. Margin of a leaf showing dark glandular structures, situated just inside the margin, and veins, projecting from below (LX2515, Shelter-103, scale bar equals 1 mm). B. Typical abaxial surface cuticle showing scattered stomatal complexes and the stem of a peltate trichome (the cap has detached) at right (LX2557, Shelter-50, scale bar equals 100 μm). C. Detail showing an intact peltate trichome at left and two stomatal complexes at right. Note the highly sinuous margins of the epidermal and subsidiary cells (LX2789, Coprolite-21, scale bar equals 40 μm). D. Typical non-stomatal (adaxial) surface showing the distinctive ridged ornamentation and obscured outlines of the epidermal cells (LX2811 Shelter-96, scale bar equals 40 μm).
FIGURE 7 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 7. Poaceae cuticle morphology (Transmitted light microscopy). A. Showing characteristic long and short epidermal cells, and an (arrowed) stomatal complex (LX2529, Shelter-102, scale bar equals 100 μm). B. Detail, including a stomatal complex (LX2533, Shelter-80, scale bar equals 40 μm). C. A zone of long and short epidermal cells above, and a zone of epidermal cells with trichomes below (LX3184, Shelter-10, scale bar equals 100 μm). D. Two zone of long and short epidermal cells with a zone of purely long cells between (LX3224, Shelter-108, scale bar equals 100 μm).
FIGURE 4 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 4. The Roxburgh Region, showing shelter locations (blue dots) centered on the Roxburgh Gorge. Groups of closely spaced shelters are surrounded by an ellipse. Lines indicate the 'sectors'.
FIGURE 1 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 1. General location, indicating Central Otago in New Zealand and the three 'regions' that were studied.
FIGURE 3 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 3. The Cromwell Region, showing shelter locations (blue dots) to the east of Lake Dunstan and within the Cromwell Gorge. Groups of closely spaced shelters are surrounded by an ellipse. Groups of closely spaced shelters are surrounded by an ellipse. Lines indicate the 'sectors'.
FIGURE 6 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 6. Examples of the dried vegetation zone in Cromwell Region shelters. A. Shelter-41. Surface view of an extracted mass of chewed twigs and leaf fragments. Ballpoint pen (140 mm) for scale. B. Shelter-40. Cross section showing a brown zone of dry vegetation (arrowed) below a grey zone of lithic rubble and capped by a zone within which sheep and rabbit coprolites are prominent. Ballpoint pen (140 mm) for scale. C. Shelter-46. Lens of twigs and leaf material below ballpoint pen (140 mm) and trowel, exposed in the face of a relict 'piedmont' of sediment. D. Shelter-71. A relatively thick brown, vegetation-rich zone adjacent trowel, capped by a pale lithic rubble. This is a close up of the floor of the shelter in Figure 5B. Trowel (260 mm) for scale. E. Shelter-78. Cross-section of an extracted lump of fine twigs and leaf material. Hand for scale. F. Shelter-28. Cross section of a sand-rich zone of dry vegetation and moa feathers. Rock hammer (handle 35 mm wide) for scale. G. Shelter-83. Surface view of extracted block of silt-rich sediment, with dried leaves on the partings. Ballpoint pen (140 mm) for scale. H. Shelter-88. Small relict 'piedmont' of sediment to left of trowel (260 mm), with brown zone of dry vegetation (arrowed).
FIGURE 11. Melicytus alpinus. A in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 11. Melicytus alpinus. A. Abaxial surface, showing typical range of stomatal complexes and orientation (LX5560, Shelter-6, scale bar equals 100 μm). B. Detail of stomatal complexes showing the prominent outer stomatal ledges and thickened polar T-pieces (LX5338, Coprolite-106, scale bar equals 40 μm).
FIGURE 15 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 15. Malvaceae (Plagianthus sp. or Hoheria sp.) abaxial surface cuticle morphology (Transmitted light microscopy). A. Stellate trichome at upper right (LX2520, Shelter-103, scale bar equals 40 μm. B. Stellate trichome at upper right, group of stomatal complexes at lower left (LX2951, Shelter-33, scale bar equals 40 μm). C. 'balloon' trichome (LX2520, Shelter-103, scale bar equals 40 μm). D. two-armed trichome (LX2520, Shelter-103, scale bar equals 40 μm).
FIGURE 14 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 14. Muehlenbeckia sp. A. Abaxial surface with stomatal complexes below and peltate trichome with divided base above (LX2891, Shelter-95, scale bar equals 40 μm). B. Three stomatal complexes among fine surface ridging and peltate trichome with divided base at lower left (LX3100, Coprolite-36, scale bar equals 40 μm).
FIGURE 9 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 9. Sophora cuticle morphology (Transmitted light microscopy). A. View of S. microphylla stomatal (abaxial) surface showing deeply stained trichome bases, papillae, and stomatal complexes (LX2799, Shelter-96, scale bar equals 100 μm). B. View of S. microphylla stomatal (abaxial) surface of less-stained specimen, but still showing relatively well-stained trichome bases, papillae, and stomatal complexes (LX2590, Shelter-50, scale bar equals 100 μm). C. Detail to show stomatal complexes, partly obscured by irregular papillae (LX3052, from Coprolite-26, scale bar equals 40 μm). D. View of S. microphylla non-stomatal (adaxial) surface, with deeply staining trichome attachment at right (LX3052, Coprolite-26, scale bar equals 40 μm). E. View of S. microphylla non-stomatal (adaxial) surface, with four deeply staining trichome attachments. Note the characteristic radiating surrounding epidermal cells (LX3006, Shelter-76, scale bar equals 100 μm). F. View of basal portion of S. microphylla leaf mid-rib (abaxial surface), showing dense trichome attachment sites (LX3106, Shelter-39, scale bar equals 100 μm). G. View of another style of S. microphylla cuticle morphology from basal portion of the leaf mid-rib (abaxial surface), showing dense trichome attachment sites, and thinner cuticle on either side (LX3052, Coprolite-26, scale bar equals 100 μm). H. Abaxial cuticle of Sophora prostrata. Note clearly different from S. microphylla in absence of trichome attachment sites, and distinct ring of subsidiary cells around the stoma (OPH5491, scale bar equals 100 μm).
FIGURE 10 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 10. Rubus sp. cuticle morphology (Transmitted light microscopy). A. Abaxial surface, showing a typical massive, flanged and hollow trichome attachment, at left, and more poorly staining cuticle with stomatal complexes in the upper right (LX2775, Coprolite-8, scale bar equals 100 μm). B. A patch of stomatal complexes, showing their typically poorly defined outlines and the sinuous walls of the epidermal and subsidiary cells (LX2818, Shelter-96, scale bar equals 100 μm).
FIGURE 19 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 19. Hebe pimeleoides cuticle morphology (Transmitted light microscopy). A. Abaxial surface showing relatively small papillae and stomatal complexes (LX2468, Shelter-92, scale bar equals 100 μm). B. Abaxial surface showing relatively large papillae and stomatal complexes (LX2960, Shelter-33, scale bar equals 100 μm). C. Abaxial surface detail showing slightly flanged papillae and stomatal complexes (LX2938, Shelter-39, scale bar equals 40 μm). D. Abaxial surface detail showing slightly smoother papillae and stomatal complexes (LX2947, Shelter-33, scale bar equals 40 μm). E. Adaxial surface showing lack of papillae and trichome bases (one is arrowed, LX2959, Shelter-33, scale bar equals 100 μm). F. Abaxial surface detail showing two stomatal complexes (LX2997, Shelter-51, scale bar equals 40 μm).
The biodiversity and ecosystem service contributions and trade-offs of forest restoration approaches
<p>Forest restoration is being scaled-up globally to deliver critical ecosystem services and biodiversity benefits, yet we lack rigorous comparison of co-benefit delivery across different restoration approaches. In a global synthesis (Hua et al. 2022, Science; DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abl4649">10.1126/science.abl4649</a>), we use 25,950 matched data pairs from 264 studies in 53 countries to assess how delivery of climate, soil, water, and wood production services as well as biodiversity compares across a range of tree plantations and native forests. Carbon storage, water provisioning, and especially soil erosion control and biodiversity benefits are all delivered better by native forests, with compositionally simpler, younger plantations in drier regions performing particularly poorly. However, plantations exhibit an advantage in wood production. These results underscore important trade-offs among environmental and production goals that policymakers must navigate in meeting forest restoration commitments. The Excel file and the R code here are the datasets and analysis code that underlie the above study.</p>
Data collection for article "Quantifying Local Ecosystem Service Outcomes by Modelling Their Supply, Demand and Flow in Myanmar's Forest Frontier Landscape"
<p>This dataset contains the nine ecosystem service models (in .neta format) underlying the publication "Quantifying Local Ecosystem Service Outcomes by Modelling Their Supply, Demand and Flow in Myanmar’s Forest Frontier Landscape". The ecosystem models were implemented using the commercial software Netica (version 6.05) for constructing and analysing Bayesian Networks.</p>
High elevation forest age structure across an elevational gradient in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
<p>Dataset for Blomdahl et al. 2022. Drivers of forest change in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Journal of Vegetation Science. </p> <p>See publication for site description and methods. </p> <p>Descriptions for variables in “trees_seedlings.csv”:</p> <p><strong>Plot_ID: </strong>Plot identifier. Nomeclature follows transect name and plot number. ECO="Ecotone" transect, SBM="South Bird Mountain" transect.</p> <p><strong>Year_Sampled: </strong>Samples collected 2017-2019.</p> <p><strong>Tree_ID: </strong>Identifier for unique trees and seedlings. </p> <p><strong>Core: </strong>Tree core sample identifier. Applies only to trees (cores not taken from seedlings). Generally, 2 cores were taken per Tree >5 cm DCH, though sometimes up to 4 were collected if a sample was rotten.</p> <p><strong>Sample_ID: </strong>Identifier for unique samples, some of which come from the same tree (for unique individuals: "Tree_ID"). Applies to trees and seedlings.</p> <p><strong>Form: </strong>Stems >5 cm diameter at coring height (DCH), coring height=30 cm; Seedlings >30: Stems <5 cm DCH and >30 cm in height (sometimes referred to as "saplings"); Seedlings <30: Stems <30 cm in height</p> <p><strong>Species: </strong>ABLA=<em>Abies</em> <em>lasiocarpa</em>, PIAL=Pinus <em>albicaulis</em>, PICO=<em>Pinus</em> <em>contorta</em>, PIEN=<em>Picea</em> <em>engelmannii</em>, PSME=<em>Pseudotsuga</em> <em>menziesii</em></p> <p><strong>Diam_30_cm: </strong>Diameter (cm) at 30 cm sample height.</p> <p><strong>Diam_0_cm: </strong>Diameter (cm) at 0 cm sample height (i.e., the base). Only seedlings were measured at base, not trees.</p> <p><strong>Seedling_Ht_cm: </strong>Length of seedling stem (cm).</p> <p><strong>Bark_Thick_cm: </strong> Bark thickness (cm). Not recorded in 2018. Bark thickness assumed to be <0.1 cm for seedlings.</p> <p><strong>Live_Dead: </strong>Live/Dead status when sampled. L=Live, D=Dead.</p> <p><strong>Canopy: </strong>Canopy position. D=Dominant, C=Codominant. S=Suppressed. Not recorded in 2017. All seedlings assumed suppressed.</p> <p><strong>Outer_Ring: </strong>Last complete year of growth, generally one year prior to Year_Sampled for live trees. Mortality year for dead trees.</p> <p><strong>Inner_Ring:</strong> Year of innermost ring measured in tree core sample measured at 30 cm sample height. Does not apply to seedlings, which were sampled as cross sections, and therefore the pith was always measureable.</p> <p><strong>Pith_30: </strong>Year of the first ring of the tree or sapling, measured at 30 cm sampling height. </p> <p><strong>Pith_0: </strong>Year of the first ring of the seedling, measuring at 0 cm sampling height (i.e., the base). Applies only to seedlings, which were destructively sampled at the base.</p> <p><strong>Estab_Year: </strong>Estimated year of establishment for trees and saplings, same as Pith_0 for seedlings. See methods of Blomdahl et al., 2022, for how establishment year was estimated.</p> <p><strong>Age:</strong> Estimated age of the tree.</p>
The HAInich: A multidisciplinary vision data-set for a better understanding of the forest ecosystem
<p>We present a multidisciplinary forest ecosystem 3D perception dataset. The dataset was collected in the Hainich-Dün region in central Germany, which includes two dedicated areas, which are part of the Biodiversity Exploratories - a long term research platform for comparative and experimental biodiversity and ecosystem research. The dataset combines several disciplines, including computer science and robotics, biology, bio-geochemistry, and forestry science. We present results for common 3D perception tasks, including classification, depth estimation, localization, and path planning. We combine the full suite of modern perception sensors, including high-resolution fisheye cameras, 3D dense LiDAR, differential GPS, and an inertial measurement unit, with ecological metadata of the area, including stand age, diameter, exact 3D position, and species. The dataset consists of three hand held measurement series taken from sensors mounted on a UAV during each of three seasons: winter, spring, and early summer. This enables new research opportunities and paves the way for testing forest environment 3D perception tasks and mission set automation. We do not focus on even more accurate and better forest data collection, our focus is automated forest inventory for robots.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.