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170 results for “forest litter”
Soil nutrient dissimilarity and litter nutrient limitation as major drivers of home field advantage in riparian tropical forests
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Litter decomposition rates across tropical montane and lowland forests are controlled foremost by climate
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Total, foliar, and reproductive fine litter production for up to 38 years for four old-growth forests in central Panama
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No home-field advantage in litter decomposition from the desert to temperate forest
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Variability in soil and litter arthropod populations in the Soil Freezing Study plots at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 2009-2010
Climate models for the northeastern United States (U.S.) over the next century project an increase in air temperature between 2.8 and 4.3 °C and a decrease in the average number of days per year when a snowpack will cover the forest floor. Warmer temperatures may benefit some litter arthropods by allowing them to expand their ranges and to increase their rates of reproduction. However, a reduction in snowpack depth and duration could offset these changes and lead to increased arthropod mortality because the snowpack plays an important role in insulating arthropods from freezing temperatures. We evaluated these potential changes by measuring arthropod abundance in the Soil Freezing Study plots at the Hubabard Brook Experimental Forest. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) Sapling Study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Growth and Litter
Litterfall production and stem growth of red maple and sugar maple saplings were assessed as measures of aboveground productivity in 2013 (to determine baseline values before treatment was initiated) and in 2014 after saplings experienced a combination of soil warming and winter freeze-thaw cycles treatments. There were seven treatments for each species of maple. For each species, ten saplings experienced ambient temperatures (reference), ten experienced growing season warming with no induced freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed), ten in each of four groups experienced warming in the growing season coupled with two, four, six, or eight soil freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed + 2 FTC, warmed + 4 FTC, warmed + 6 FTC, warmed + 8 FTC), and ten experienced snow removal in winter with ambient temperatures in the growing-season (snow removal). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Data from: Foraging by an avian ecosystem engineer extensively modifies the litter and soil layer in forest ecosystems
<p>Ecosystem engineers physically modify their environment, thereby altering habitats for other organisms. Increasingly, 'engineers' are recognised as an important focus for conservation and ecological restoration because their actions affect a range of ecosystem processes and thereby influence how ecosystems function. The superb lyrebird Menura novaehollandiae is proposed as an ecosystem engineer in forests of south-eastern Australia due to the volume of soil and litter it turns over when foraging. We measured the seasonal and spatial patterns of foraging by lyrebirds and the amount of soil displaced in forests in the Central Highlands, Victoria. We tested the effects of foraging on litter, soil nutrients and soil physical properties by using an experimental approach with three treatments: lyrebird exclusion, lyrebird exclusion with simulated foraging, and non-exclusion reference plots. Treatments were replicated in three forest types in each of three forest blocks. Lyrebirds foraged extensively in all forest types in all seasons. On average, lyrebirds displaced 155.7 t/ha of litter and soil in a 12-month period. Greater displacement occurred where vegetation complexity (<50 cm height) was low. After two years of lyrebird exclusion, soil compaction (top 7.5 cm) increased by 37% in exclusion plots compared with baseline measures, whilst in unfenced plots it decreased by 22%. Litter depth was almost three times greater in fenced than unfenced plots. Soil moisture, pH and soil nutrients showed no difference between treatments. The enormous extent of litter and soil turned over by the superb lyrebird is unparalleled by any other vertebrate soil engineer in terrestrial ecosystems globally. The profound influence of such foraging activity on forest ecosystems is magnified by its year-round pattern and widespread distribution. The disturbance regime that lyrebirds impose has implications for diverse ecosystem processes including decomposition and nutrient cycling, the composition of litter- and soil-dwelling invertebrate communities, the shaping of ground-layer vegetation patterns, and fire behavior and post-fire ecosystem recovery. Maintaining lyrebird populations as a key facilitator of ecosystem function is now timely and critical as unprecedented wildfires in eastern Australia in summer 2019/2020 have severely burned ~12 million ha of forest, including ~30% of the geographic range of the superb lyrebird.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Vagmaker N, Pereira-Ribeiro J, Colombo Ferreguetti Á, Boazi A, Gama-Matos R, Bergallo HG, Duarte Rocha CF (2020) Structure of the leaf litter frog community in an area of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Zoologia 37: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e38877
Table S1. Voucher for anuran species collected at the Duas Bocas Biological Reserve, Espírito Santo, and deposited in the amphibian collection of the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Data from: Litter removal in a tropical rain forest reduces fine root biomass and production but litter addition has few effects
Many old-growth lowland tropical rain forests are potentially nutrient limited, and it has long been thought that many such forests maintain growth by recycling nutrients from decomposing litter. We investigated this by continuously removing (for ten years) freshly fallen litter from five (45 m x 45 m) plots, adding it to five other plots, there were five controls. From monthly measures over one year we show that litter removal caused lower: fine root (≤2 mm diameter) standing mass, fine root standing length, fine root length production and fine root length survivorship. Litter addition did not significantly change fine root mass or length or production. Nutrient concentrations in fine roots in litter removal plots were lower than those in controls for nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), concentrations in fine roots in litter addition plots were higher for N and Ca. Chronic litter removal has resulted in reduced forest growth due to lack of nutrients, probably nitrogen. Conversely, long-term litter addition has had fewer effects.
FIGURE 1. Intrepidocythere ibipora n. gen. n in On the first terrestrial ostracod of the Superfamily Cytheroidea (Crustacea, Ostracoda): description of Intrepidocythere ibipora n. gen. n. sp. from forest leaf litter in São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Intrepidocythere ibipora n. gen. n. sp., male. A. Interior of left valve. B. Interior of right valve. C. Anterior detail of right valve. D. Posterior detail of right valve. E. Lateral view of carapace, right side. F. Ventral view of carapace. G. Dorsal view of carapace. H. Hemipenis. A, H, paratype specimen MZUSP 18484; B–D, F–G, paratype specimen MZUSP 18482; E, paratype specimen MZUSP 18486. Scale bars: A–B, E–G, 100µm; C–D, H, 50µm.
FIGURE 4. Intrepidocythere ibipora n. gen. n in On the first terrestrial ostracod of the Superfamily Cytheroidea (Crustacea, Ostracoda): description of Intrepidocythere ibipora n. gen. n. sp. from forest leaf litter in São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Intrepidocythere ibipora n. gen. n. sp., female. A. Interior of left valve. B. Posterior detail of left valve. C. Anterior detail of left valve. D. Interior of right valve. E. Anterior detail of right valve. F. Posterior detail of right valve. G. Dorsal view of carapace. H. Ventral view of carapace. I. Lateral view of carapace, right side. A–F, paratype specimen MZUSP 18481; G–I, paratype specimen MZUSP 18485. Scale bars: A, D, G–I, 100µm; B–C, E–F, 50µm.
FIGURE 3. Intrepidocythere ibipora n. gen. n in On the first terrestrial ostracod of the Superfamily Cytheroidea (Crustacea, Ostracoda): description of Intrepidocythere ibipora n. gen. n. sp. from forest leaf litter in São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Intrepidocythere ibipora n. gen. n. sp. A. Maxillula. B. First thoracopod. C. Second thoracopod. D. Third thoracopod. E. Hemipenis. F. End of body. A–D, male paratype specimen MZUSP 18482; E, male holotype specimen MZUSP 18479; F, female allotype specimen MZUSP 18480. cop, copulatory process; CR, caudal ramus; DL, distal lobe; GeO, genital operculum. Scale bars: A–D, 10µm; E–F, 50µm.
FIGURE 2. Intrepidocythere ibipora n. gen. n in On the first terrestrial ostracod of the Superfamily Cytheroidea (Crustacea, Ostracoda): description of Intrepidocythere ibipora n. gen. n. sp. from forest leaf litter in São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Intrepidocythere ibipora n. gen. n. sp. A. Antennula. B. Antenna. C. Antenna. D. Mandibula. E. Mandibular palp. A–B, D–E, male paratype specimen MZUSP 18482; C, female paratype specimen MZUSP 18481. exo, exopodite; hy, hyaline formation; Ya, aesthetasc on antennula; Y, aesthetasc on antenna. Scale bars: A–E, 10µm.
FIGURE 5 in On the first terrestrial ostracod of the Superfamily Cytheroidea (Crustacea, Ostracoda): description of Intrepidocythere ibipora n. gen. n. sp. from forest leaf litter in São Paulo State, Brazil
FIGURE 5. World map showing the distribution of extant nonmarine ostracod lineages that invaded terrestrial habitats.
FIGURES 8–12 in Two new species of blind, forest litter-inhabiting ground beetles from the subtribe Anillina (Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini) from eastern U. S. A.
FIGURES 8–12. Anillinus cherokee, new species, (NC, Graham Co., Nantahala National Forest). Male aedeagus: 8– median lobe, 9–left paramere, 10–right paramere; female genitalia: 11–spermatheca, 12–right stylomere and sternum IX. Scale=100m.
FIGURE 7 in Two new species of blind, forest litter-inhabiting ground beetles from the subtribe Anillina (Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini) from eastern U. S. A.
FIGURE 7. Schematic distribution of the Serranillus species. 1–S. jeanneli Barr; 2–S. dunavani (Jeannel); 3–S. septentrionis, new species. From Barr (1995) and original data.
FIGURES 1–2 in Two new species of blind, forest litter-inhabiting ground beetles from the subtribe Anillina (Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini) from eastern U. S. A.
FIGURES 1–2. Habitus of (1) Serranillus septentrionis, new species (VA, Botetourt Co., Black Horse Gap), and (2) Anillinus cherokee, new species (TN, Blount Co., Great Smoky Mountains National Park), dorsal aspect, males.
FIGURES 3–6 in Two new species of blind, forest litter-inhabiting ground beetles from the subtribe Anillina (Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini) from eastern U. S. A.
FIGURES 3–6. Serranillus septentrionis, new species, (VA, Giles Co., Jefferson National Forest). Male aedeagus: 3– median lobe, 4–left paramere; female genitalia: 5–spermatheca, 6–right stylomere and sternum IX. Scale=100μm.
FIGURE 7 in Leaf litter copepods from a cloud forest mountain top in Honduras (Copepoda: Cyclopidae, Canthocamptidae)
FIGURE 7. Moraria catracha sp. nov. A, female genital double-somite and abdomal somites, ventral view; B, female, urosome, lateral view; C, leg 1, frontal view; D, leg 1 precoxa, coxa and intercoxal sclerite, caudal view (A–B, D: female holotype, RBINSc COP 9944; C: female paratype, RBINSc COP 9945).
FIGURE 10 in Leaf litter copepods from a cloud forest mountain top in Honduras (Copepoda: Cyclopidae, Canthocamptidae)
FIGURE 10. Moraria cusuca sp. nov. A, female, habitus, dorsal view; B, principal apical setae of right caudal ramus; C, genital double-somite and abdomen, ventral view (arrows indicating pair of tubular pore extensions); D, urosome (A–D: female holotype, RBINSc COP 9939).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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