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371 results for “growth rate”
Area and Timing data and R script for: 3D scanning as a tool to measure growth rates of live coral microfragments used for coral reef restoration
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Feather growth rate and hormone deposition vary with elevation but not reproductive costs in resident Mountain Chickadees
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An experimental test of the Growth Rate Hypothesis as a predictive framework for microevolutionary adaptation
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Data from: Selection on growth rate and local adaptation drive genomic adaptation during experimental range expansions in the protist Tetrahymena thermophila
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Florida Longleaf Pine Surveys of Density and Growth Rates
The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem is an endangered global biodiversity hotspot that is a major focus of conservation and restoration efforts. However, most studies of longleaf habitats have not considered their distinct diversity, structure, and function among different communities, which are critical for developing appropriate management strategies. Florida has 51% of the remaining habitat, where it occurs in 5 unique community types. This dataset was collected from 82 plots (160 m2 each) in 23 sites across all 5 community types. We used modified variable area transects to collect data on tree density and growth rates. Tree rings were measured to the nearest 0.001 mm in CooRecorder and crossdated visually and statistically verified in COFECHA. Data was collected by N.Z. in 2018 while in graduate school at Florida State University.
Seagrass growth rates and physical characteristics and measures of water temperature and salinity during a simulated green turtle grazing experiment in The Bahamas, 1999 – 2000.
This data set contains data from an experiment in which green turtle grazing was simulated in a Thalassia testudinum seagrass meadow in The Bahamas from July 1999 until December 2000. Measurements of water temperature and salinity were collected weekly. Seagrass meadow physical characteristics--blade length, blade width, number of blades per shoot, shoot density, and leaf area index--along with growth rates (both linear growth and production) were measured at various temporal intervals. Measurements were made in each of three treatments: 1) an unclipped reference treatment (representing ungrazed seagrass) in which measurements began in July 1999, 2) an experimentally clipped treatment (representing grazing) in which measurements began in July 1999, and 3) an experimentally clipped treatment (representing grazing) in which measurements began in February 2000. Data were used to investigate relationships between water temperature and salinity on seagrass growth and physical characteristics and how these relationships are affected by green turtle grazing.
Growing in the city: urban evolutionary ecology of avian growth rates.
<p>Rapid environmental change driven by urbanisation offers a unique insight into the adaptive potential of wildlife as it can induce distinct selective pressures on urban dwelling organisms. Despite mounting evidence for urban-driven phenotypic differentiation across taxa, knowledge of the impact of urbanisation on vertebrate developmental rates and subsequent survival is very limited. Importantly, the role of selection on urban-driven body mass divergence in juvenile organisms remains poorly understood. We studied nestling development in a gradient of urbanisation set in Warsaw, Poland, in two nestbox breeding passerine species: great tits (<i>Parus major</i>) and blue tits (<i>Cyanistes caeruleus</i>). Each nestbox in the study system was assessed for surrounding percentage of Impervious Surface Area (ISA). Within these nestboxes, weight measurements of individual nestlings were collected during three breeding seasons and at regular intervals after hatching. Although asymptotic mass and growth rate were not directly affected by ISA in a subset of frequently measured nestlings, the age of fastest growth (inflection point) was delayed in blue tit nests surrounded by greater ISA. Across the entire dataset, nestling body mass was negatively affected by increasing ISA at days 5 and 10 after hatching for great tits, and at days 10 and 15 for blue tits, respectively. Concomitantly, offspring survival at days 5 and 10 decreased with increasing ISA for both species. An analysis of selection differentials performed for two contrasting levels of imperviousness (low and high ISA) revealed a significant positive association between mass at day 2 and survival at fledging. Importantly, the strength of selection for heavier nestlings at hatching was greater for great tits in the more transformed, high ISA environment. This study confirms the considerable impact of imperviousness -a proxy for urbanisation level- on offspring development, body mass and survival, and highlights increased selection on avian birth weight in a high ISA environment.</p>
Fast and furious: Early differences in growth rate drive short-term plant dominance and exclusion under eutrophication
<p>1. The reduction of plant diversity following eutrophication threatens many ecosystems worldwide. Yet, the mechanisms by which species are lost following nutrient enrichment are still not completely understood, nor are the details of when such mechanisms act during the growing season, which hampers understanding and the development of mitigation strategies.</p> <p>2. Using a common garden competition experiment, we found that early-season differences in growth rates among five perennial grass species measured in monoculture predicted short-term competitive dominance in pairwise combinations and that the proportion of variance explained was particularly greater under a fertilisation treatment.</p> <p>3. We also examined the role of early-season growth rate in determining the outcome of competition along an experimental nutrient gradient in an alpine meadow. Early differences in growth rate between species predicted short-term competitive dominance under both ambient and fertilized conditions and competitive exclusion under fertilized conditions.</p> <p>4. The results of these two studies suggests that plant species growing faster during the early stage of the growing season gain a competitive advantage over species that initially grow more slowly, and that this advantage is magnified under fertilisation. This finding is consistent with the theory of asymmetric competition for light in which fast-growing species can intercept incident light and hence outcompete and exclude slower-growing (and hence shorter) species. We predict that the current chronic nutrient inputs into many terrestrial ecosystems worldwide will reduce plant diversity and maintain a low biodiversity state by continuously favouring fast-growing species. Biodiversity management strategies should focus on controlling nutrient inputs and reducing the growth of fast-growing species early in the season.</p>
Data from: Changes in age-structure over four decades were a key determinant of population growth rate in a long-lived mammal
<p>1. A changing environment directly influences birth and mortality rates, and thus population growth rates. However, population growth rates in the short-term are also influenced by population age-structure. Despite its importance, the contribution of age-structure to population growth rates has rarely been explored empirically in wildlife populations with long-term demographic data.</p> <p>2. Here, we assessed how changes in age-structure influenced short-term population dynamics in a semi-captive population of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).</p> <p>3. We addressed this question using a demographic dataset of female Asian elephants from timber camps in Myanmar spanning 45 years (1970-2014). First, we explored temporal variation in age-structure. Then, using annual matrix population models, we used a retrospective approach to assess the contributions of age-structure and vital rates to short-term population growth rates with respect to the average environment.</p> <p>4. Age-structure was highly variable over the study period, with large proportions of juveniles in the years 1970 and 1985, and made a substantial contribution to annual population growth rate deviations. High adult birth rates between 1970-1980 would have resulted in large positive population growth rates, but these were prevented by a low proportion of reproductive-aged females.</p> <p>5. We highlight that an understanding of both age-specific vital rates and age-structure is needed to assess short-term population dynamics. Furthermore, this example from a human-managed system suggests that the importance of age-structure may be accentuated in populations experiencing human disturbance where age-structure is unstable, such as those in captivity or for endangered species. Ultimately, changes to the environment drive population dynamics by influencing birth and mortality rates, but understanding demographic structure is crucial for assessing population growth.</p>
Populations of arable weed species show intra-specific variability in germination base temperature but not in early growth rate
<p>Key plant traits affecting growth performance can differ among and within species, influencing competitive plant community dynamics. We determined the intra-specific variability of germination base temperature among 13 arable weed species and the seedlings' early post-emergence relative growth rate among 21 species in climate chamber and green house experiments. Intra-specific variability was quantified with two seed populations (originating from contrasting climate in Germany & France) for the germination base temperature of 6 species and for the early growth rate of 16 species. Inter-specific variability for both traits was always higher than intra-specific variability. Within a given species, we found that germination base temperatures were higher in seeds stemming from colder climate populations. Seedling relative growth rates did not differ between seed populations. Models simulating weed growth should reflect these differences in germination traits among populations, especially when they are used for weed community assembly studies in a local to regional extent.</p>
Temporal instability of lake charr phenotypes: Synchronicity of growth rates and morphology linked to environmental variables?
<p>Pathways through which phenotypic variation among individuals arise can be complex. One assumption often made in relation to intraspecific diversity is that the stability or predictability of the environment will interact with expression of the underlying phenotypic variation. <span>To address</span> biological complexity below the species level<span>, we investigated variability across years in morphology and annual growth increments between and within two sympatric lake charr <i>Salvelinus namaycush</i> ecotypes in Rush Lake, USA. </span>A rapid phenotypic shift in body and head shape was found within a decade. The magnitude and direction of the observed phenotypic change was consistent in both ecotypes, which suggests similar pathways caused the variation over time. Over the same time period, annual growth increments declined for both lake charr ecotypes and corresponded with a consistent phenotypic shift of each ecotype. Despite ecotype-specific annual growth changes in response to winter conditions, the observed annual growth shift for both ecotypes was linked, to some degree, with variation in the environment. Particularly, a declining trend in regional cloud cover was associated with an increase of early stage (ages 1-3) annual growth for lake charr of Rush Lake. Underlying mechanisms causing changes in growth rates and constrained morphological modulation are not fully understood. An improved knowledge of the biology hidden within the expression of phenotypic variation promises to clarify our understanding of temporal morphological diversity and instability.</p>
C4 photosynthesis and the economic spectra of leaf and root traits independently influence growth rates in grasses
<p>Photosynthetic pathway is an important cause of growth rate variation between species, such that the enhanced carbon uptake of C<sub>4</sub> species leads to faster growth than their C<sub>3</sub> counterparts. Leaf traits that promote rapid resource acquisition may further enhance the growth capacity of C<sub>4</sub> species. However, how root economic traits interact with leaf traits, and the different growth strategies adopted by plants with C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> photosynthetic pathways is unclear. Plant economic traits could interact with, or act independently of, photosynthetic pathway in influencing growth rate, or C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> species could segregate out along a common growth rate-trait relationship.</p> <p>We measured leaf and root traits on 100+ grass species grown from seeds in a controlled, common environment to compare with relative growth rates (RGR) during the initial phase of rapid growth, controlling for phylogeny and allometric effects.</p> <p>Photosynthetic pathway acts independently to leaf and root functional traits in causing fast growth. Using C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis, plants can achieve faster growth than their C<sub>3</sub> counterparts (by an average 0.04 g g<sup>-1</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>) for a given suite of functional trait values, with lower investments of leaf and root nitrogen. Leaf and root traits had an additive effect on RGR, with plants achieving fast growth by possessing resource-acquisitive leaf traits (high specific leaf area and low leaf dry matter content) or root traits (high specific root length and area, and low root diameter), but having both leads to an even faster growth rate (by up to 0.06 g g-1 day-1). C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis can provide a greater relative increase in RGR for plants with a 'slow' ecological strategy than in those with fast growth. However, aboveground and belowground strategies are not coordinated, so that species can have any combination of 'slow' or 'fast' leaf and root traits.</p> <p>Synthesis: C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis increases growth rate for a given combination of economic traits, and significantly alters plant nitrogen economy in the leaves and roots. However, leaf and root economic traits act independently to further enhance growth. The fast growth of C<sub>4</sub> grasses promotes a competitive advantage under hot, sunny conditions.</p>
Data from: Decoupling between growth rate and storage remobilization in broadleaf temperate tree species
<p>1. Temperate trees rely on carbon (C) and nutrient remobilisation from storage to resume growth after winter. Minimum storage levels during the growing season suggest that remobilisation could signify that C availability is insufficient to meet growth demands; consequently, growth might be C and/or nutrient limited. However, it remains unclear whether higher growth demands are covered by higher remobilization. This study examined whether higher C and nutrient demands associated with fast growth or deciduousness, rely on greater remobilisation.</p> <p>2. In 11 sympatric deciduous and evergreen angiosperm tree species from southern South América, the magnitude of seasonal remobilisation of C and nutrient storage was assessed as the seasonal minimums (relative to seasonal maximums) of whole tree non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations and pools. The basal area increment and stem wood density were determined for each tree, from which the biomass radial increment (BRI) was estimated. The effects of leaf habit and BRI on the seasonal minimums NSCs and nutrient concentrations and pools were analysed using linear mixed-effects models.</p> <p>3. Radial growth was not related to seasonal minimum NSC or nutrient concentrations and pools in either the evergreens or deciduous angiosperms; thus, faster growth was not associated with greater remobilisation of C or nutrient stores. Further, larger trees grew faster than smaller ones, but did not have higher remobilisation. Deciduous species had higher year-round whole tree NSC and nutrient concentrations than evergreens; however, both groups had similar BRI and seasonal minimum concentrations and pools of NSCs and nutrients.</p> <p>4. Neither growth rate nor leaf habit drove the magnitude of C and nutrient remobilisation in the angiosperm trees examined here, indicating no C or nutrient limitation. This result contradicts the view that growth and storage strongly regulate one another, as proposed by a growth-storage trade-off.</p>
Data from: Plasticity of thermal tolerance and its relationship with growth rate in juvenile mussels (Mytilus californianus)
Complex life cycles characterized by uncertainty at transitions between larval/juvenile and adult environments could favor irreversible physiological plasticity at such transitions. To assess whether thermal tolerance of intertidal mussels (Mytilus californianus) adjusts to post-settlement environmental conditions, we collected juveniles from their thermally buffered microhabitat from high and low-shore locations at cool (wave-exposed) and warm (wave-protected) sites. Juveniles were transplanted to unsheltered cages at the two low sites or placed in a common garden. Juveniles transplanted to the warm site for one month in summer had higher thermal tolerance, regardless of origin site. In contrast, common-garden juveniles from all sites had lower tolerance indistinguishable from exposed-site transplants. After six months in the field plus a common garden period, there was a trend for higher thermal tolerance at the protected site, while reduced thermal tolerance at both sites indicated seasonal acclimatization. Thermal tolerance and growth rate were inversely related after one but not six months; protected-site transplants were more tolerant but grew more slowly. In contrast to juveniles, adults from low-shore exposed and protected sites retained differences in thermal tolerance after common garden treatment in summer. Both irreversible and reversible forms of plasticity must be considered in organismal responses to changing environments.
Antibiotics Change the Growth Rate Heterogeneity and Morphology of Bacteria
<p>Each experiment was conducted on the Multipad Agarose Plate (MAP) and is labeled with BE followed by a number. This repository contains four main elements:</p> <ol> <li>The file <code>Experiment condition map.json</code> describes how the MAP platforms were set up for each experiment. Some datasets also include data that was discarded. </li> <li>The folder <code>Benchmarking</code> contains data for how we validated the performance of our <code>PadAnalyser</code> package. <code>Originals</code> have a set of images of bacteria affected by antibiotics that produce different morphologies. <code>Annotated_raw</code> is the human-labelled version of these, and <code>Annotated</code> are these converted to a format that can be used by code for comparison. <code>Segmentation Benchmarking.ipynb</code><em> </em>is a Jupyter Notebook that segments the cells and compares the output to the annotated data. </li> <li>The folder <code>Dataframes</code><em> </em>contains Pandas data frames from all experiments, classified by bacteria species. </li> <li>The folder <code>Videos</code> contains debug videos visualising how the segmentation algorithm performed on the different datasets. Contact us for access to the raw data. Videos in the format <code>*_ssi.mp4</code> contain single-cell masks, and <code>*_css.mp4</code> contains colony masks. </li> </ol>
Growth Rates of Technologies in the Historical Adoption of Technologies (HATCH) Dataset
<p>Table of growth rate measurements for each technology measured from the Historical Adoption of Technologies dataset. The methods to calculate these growth rates is described in the paper "Dataset on the adoption of historical technologies informs the scale-up of emerging carbon dioxide removal measures" </p>
Wood density and leaf size jointly predict woody plant growth rates across (but not within) species along a steep precipitation gradient
<p>1. Functional traits have been proposed to define key dimensions of plant ecological strategies, but we lack consensus on whether traits can accurately predict plant demography. Despite theoretical expectations, it has been challenging to find consistent relationships between functional traits and growth. 2. In this study, we quantified inter- and intraspecific trait variation and individual growth rates of woody plants across a steep moisture gradient that varies 10-fold in annual precipitation (350–3,700 mm) in southern Chile and used a hierarchical Bayesian model to predict growth as a function of trait values. 3. We show that large-leaved species with lower stem tissue density exhibited the fastest growth rates, and these two traits exhibited the highest proportion of interspecific variation. Predictions of growth improved considerably (R2 of the best model increased from 0.28 to 0.49) when species-level multiple traits and their interactions were considered. The inclusion of intraspecific trait variation (ITV), however, did not improve models of growth rate. 4. We found that trait-growth rate relationships were not always consistent across levels of biological organization; relationships observed at the interspecific level did not necessarily hold at the intraspecific level. We found that the relationships between wood density or leaf size and growth were consistent in direction across the precipitation gradient, and the relationships between leaf economics traits and growth were weak and site-specific. 5. Synthesis. Although using more than one functional trait considerably improved growth predictions, wood density and leaf size successfully predicted growth rates across (not within) species, which is consistent with a whole-plant carbon economy. We assert that these two traits are intimately linked and ultimately describe a continuum of plant architecture and carbon economy that covers multiple trait syndromes.</p>
Dataset: Testing for effects of growth rate on isotope trophic discrimination factors and evaluating the performance of Bayesian stable isotope mixing models experimentally: a moment of truth?
<p><span>Discerning assimilated diets of wild animals using stable isotopes is well established where potential dietary items in food webs are isotopically distinct. With the advent of mixing models, and Bayesian extensions of such models (Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixing Models, BSIMMs), statistical techniques available for these efforts have been rapidly increasing. The accuracy with which BSIMMs quantify diet, however, depends on several factors including uncertainty in tissue discrimination factors (TDFs; <em>Δ</em>) and identification of appropriate error structures. Whereas performance of BSIMMs has mostly been evaluated with simulations, here we test the efficacy of BSIMMs by raising domestic broiler chicks (<em>Gallus gallus domesticus</em>) on four isotopically distinct diets under controlled environmental conditions, ideal for evaluating factors that affect TDFs and testing how BSIMMs allocate individual birds to diets that vary in isotopic similarity. For both liver and feather tissues,<em> δ</em><sup>13</sup>C and <em>δ </em><sup>15</sup>N values differed among dietary groups. <em>Δ</em><sup>13</sup>C of liver, but not feather, was negatively related to the rate at which individuals gained body mass. For <em>Δ</em><sup>15</sup>N, we identified effects of dietary group, sex, and tissue type, as well as an interaction between sex and tissue type</span><span><span>, </span></span><span><span>with f</span></span><span>emales having higher liver <em>Δ</em><sup>15</sup>N relative to males. For both tissues, BSIMMs allocated most chicks to correct dietary groups, especially for models using combined TDFs rather than diet specific TDFs, and those applying a multiplicative error structure. These findings provide new information on how biological processes affect TDFs and confirm that adequately accounting for variability in consumer isotopes is necessary to optimize performance of BSIMMs. Moreover, they demonstrate experimentally that these types of models reliably characterize consumed diets when appropriately parameterized.<span> </span></span></p>
F I G U R E 3 Mass specific growth rates among locations, 2016–2017 in Movement and habitat shift responses of juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to annually permanent stream flooding
F I G U R E 3 Mass specific growth rates among locations, 2016–2017.
Supplementary material S19: The growth and decay rate of the Varroa jolting pulse.
<p>The growth and decay of the <em>Varroa </em>jolting pulse on each of the three substrates. Panel ‘a’ showcases the loudest jolting pulse waveform registered on honeycomb, and panel ‘b’ showcases the loudest jolting pulse waveform registered on petri-dish, both of which demonstrate an exponential growth and decay that is highlighted within the red envelope. The growth rate and decay constant were estimated visually (honeycomb growth rate = 0.05ms, honeycomb decay constant = 0.1ms, petri-dish growth rate = 0.09ms, petri-dish decay constant = 1.2ms). The growth rate is the only element of the waveform that is caused by the animal, the decay constant on both the honeycomb and petri-dish are likely the result of the response of the substrate. The brood-comb <em>Varroa </em>jolting pulse seen in panel ‘c’ is the result of the averaged accelerometer waveform for the 40 jolting pulses deemed to be loudest, and are shown in panel ‘d’ to have an envelope following a gaussian function. All peaks in the vibrational trace were forced to become positive values to demonstrate the gaussian function. The negligible exponential decay can be seen, beginning at approximately 3.9ms.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.