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358 results for “hatching”
Nest construction and its effect on post-hatching family life in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides
<p>Through the effort required to construct them, the microenvironmental conditions they impose on the family and their indirect influence on post-hatching care, nests play a key role in influencing family life. We combined experimental evolution with cross-fostering experiments on laboratory populations of <em>Nicrophorus vespilloides </em>to investigate three ways in which the nest can contribute more broadly to parental investment. We used replicate populations of <em>N. vespilloides </em>that had evolved for 42 generations under contrasting regimes of care. Populations were either able to supply post-hatching care ("Full Care") or prevented from supplying any post-hatching care ("No Care"). Research on these populations has previously shown that the No Care populations evolved to build rounder nests, more rapidly, by Generation 14. Here we found: 1) larvae raised by Full Care parents on nests prepared by parents from the No Care population did not attain a higher mass by the end of larval development than larvae in other treatments. However, we did discover that: 2) cross-fostering nests between families consistently reduced larval mass – and to a similar extent whether nests were cross-fostered between or within the populations. We suggest that cross-fostering disrupted the chemical environment on and around the nest since we found no evidence that 3) nests mediate interactions between males and females. The duration of paternal care was consistently shorter than the duration of maternal care, and even shorter for males from the No Care populations than males from the Full Care populations. Nevertheless, the duration of male care did not predict variation in duration of female care. In short, although the nest is the substrate for burying beetle family life, we found little evidence that it had evolved divergently in our experimental populations to influence parental investment.</p>
dataset: Transporting Tenebrio molitor Eggs: The Effect of Temperature, Humidity and Time on the Hatch Rate
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Fig. 11. Hatching and emergence after 64 in Notes on the natural history and morphology of the Ningshan Lined Snake (Stichophanes ningshaanensis Yuen, 1983; Ophidia: Colubridae) and its distribution in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China
Fig. 11. Hatching and emergence after 64 days of incubation. Photo by Kevin R. Messenger.
Swift parrot data including the sex of offspring and their hatch order
<p>Most species produce equal numbers of sons and daughters, and sex differences in survival after parental care do not usually affect this pattern. Temporary overproduction of the scarcer sex can be adaptive when generations overlap, the sexes differ in life history expectations, and parents can anticipate future mating opportunities. However an alternative strategy of maximising the competitiveness of the more abundant sex in these circumstances remains unexplored. We develop theory showing how mothers can maximise reproductive value when future mate competition will be high by producing more sons in the advantageous early hatching positions within their broods. Our model for optimal birth order was supported by long term data of offspring sex in a parrot facing catastrophic female mortality caused by introduced predators. Swift parrots (<i>Lathamus discolor</i>) suffer high female mortality due to introduced sugar gliders (<i>Petaurus breviceps</i>) creating fluctuating male biased adult sex ratios. Offspring hatched early within broods fledged in better condition, and in support of our model were more likely to be male in years with higher adult female mortality. We found a highly significant rank-order correlation between observed and predicted birth sex ratios. Our study shows the potential for mothers to maximise reproductive value via strategic biases in offspring sex depending on the advantages conferred by birth order and the predictability of future mate competition. Our long term data support the predictions and appear to suggest that sex allocation strategies may evolve surprisingly quickly when anthropogenic pressures on populations are severe.</p>
Data from: Optimising the hatching success of artificially incubated eggs for use in a conservation program for the western saw-shelled turtle (Myuchelys bellii)
<p>Artificial incubation of eggs and the release of hatchlings into the wild is a common conservation intervention designed to augment threatened turtle populations. We investigate a range of incubation temperatures to establish an optimal temperature for maximum hatching success of western saw-shelled turtle (<em>Myuchelys</em> <em>bellii</em>) eggs. We report on the influence of incubation temperature on incubation duration and hatching success and describe two experimental incubation methods which, for the same incubation temperature, resulted in 77% and 97% hatching success, respectively. Eggs were incubated at constant temperatures (27°C, 28°C and 29°C) to determine the influence of temperature on incubation period, hatchling morphology and external residual yolk. Incubation duration was negatively correlated with incubation temperature. We report on the morphology of eggs and hatchlings and show that their dimensions are positively correlated with maternal adult size and mass. A constant incubation temperature of 27°C produced the highest hatching success and smallest external residual yolk on hatching and is therefore recommended for incubation of eggs for population reinforcement programs. Our study is the first to optimise artificial incubation procedures for <em>M</em>. <em>bellii</em> and will be a valuable resource for <em>M</em>. <em>bellii</em> and other threatened freshwater turtle conservation initiatives.</p>
Evolution of the hatching probability of Philaenus spumarius in the Iberian Peninsula from 2017 to 2018
<p>Evolution of the hatching probability of Philaenus spumarius in the Iberian Peninsula from 2017 to 2018 using temperature data from ERA5-Land. White dots correspond to nymphs that were observed in those given locations (coordinates) on a given date. Here 3 different videos to represent the evolution of the hatching probability considering the starting point for GDD accumulation on three different dates: the 1st of November, the 1<sup>st</sup> of December. and the 1<sup>st</sup> of January. </p>
Cadmium does not affect post-hatching maternal care or early offspring development in earwigs.
<p>Dataset and R script used in the study focusing on the effects of cadmium ingestion on post-hatching maternal care and early offspring development in the European earwig.</p>
Developmental changes in red-eyed treefrog embryo behavior increase escape-hatching success in wasp attacks
<p>The arboreal embryos of red-eyed treefrogs (<em>Agalychnis</em> <em>callidryas</em>) hatch prematurely to escape from egg-predators, and escape success increases with age. We assessed developmental changes in the behavior and hatching performance of embryos attacked by wasps (<em>Polybia</em> <em>rejecta</em>) and their contributions to improved embryo survival. We recorded videos of 4- and 5-day-old embryos exposed to wasp attacks and determined each embryo's fate. For a stratified random sample of embryos that escaped and died, we determined the occurrence, sequence, and timing of events during wasp-embryo interactions. We constructed path diagrams of event sequences, tested for age effects on transition probabilities, and measured durations of periods between key events. Overall escape success was 38% higher in older embryos. They were more likely to hatch pre-emptively than younger ones, thus less likely to experience direct attacks, suggesting that developmental gains in mechanosensory sensitivity may increase hatching responses to indirect cues. During direct attacks, embryos were equally likely to be captured by wasps at both ages and hatching speed was similar, suggesting no relevant difference in escape-hatching performance. After a wasp ruptured their egg capsule, older embryos were more likely to exit and did so much sooner; younger embryos remained in ruptured capsules for longer and were more likely to be attacked again. This developmental change in embryo behavior indicates decreased tolerance for egg-stage risk as the chance of tadpole survival increases, suggesting that ontogenetic adaptation to changing risk trade-offs contributes strongly to the developmental increase in escape success.<span></span></p>
Code and data for "Telomere length vary with sex, hatching order and year of birth in little owls, Athene noctua"
<p>Datafile and R code of the statistical analyses published in the article "telomere length vary with sex, hatching order and year of birth in little owls, <em>Athene noctua</em>".</p>
Offspring sex ratio is affected by pre-breeding rainfall and hatching order in a cooperative breeding bird
<p><span>Selection may favour sex ratio adjustment when the fitness benefits of producing male or female offspring vary. In birds, sex ratio bias at hatching has been particularly well-studied in cooperative breeding species, primarily in helper-at-the-nest systems wherein young remain with their parents and help raise subsequent broods. In these systems, breeding females are expected to skew offspring sex ratio in favour of the helping sex if sufficient resources exist. In communal laying systems multiple group members breed and raise the young and offspring dispersal varies, making it difficult to predict whether and how breeders should skew offspring sex ratio. We tested for sex ratio bias in smooth-billed anis (<em>Crotophaga ani</em>), a communal laying cuckoo with low within-group relatedness, high offspring dispersal, and high annual turnover in group membership. One male performs nocturnal incubation and sires more offspring, suggesting these males may have higher reproductive variance and thus that it may be beneficial for his mate to produce more male offspring. We hypothesized that pre-breeding rainfall influences food availability and thus offspring sex ratio, predicting that breeding females skew production towards the more beneficial sex (i.e., males) in high food years, consistent with the Trivers-Willard hypothesis. Females may also adjust sex ratio across the hatching order, so we predicted a male-bias in first hatched chicks in larger broods that should experience greater competition. Contrary to our first prediction, more male chicks hatched when pre-breeding rainfall was lower. In partial support of our second prediction, marginally more first hatched chicks were male in larger broods. Based on these results, we propose the nestling competition hypothesis and predict that when nestling competition is high (i.e., in poor years and in large joint broods), mothers should produce more of the more competitive sex. </span></p>
Effects of adult and egg predators on hatching plasticity of the pulmonate limpet
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Data from: Optimising the hatching success of artificially incubated eggs for use in a conservation program for the western saw-shelled turtle (Myuchelys bellii)
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Swift parrot data including the sex of offspring and their hatch order
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Data from: Temperature has an overriding role compared to photoperiod in regulating the seasonal timing of winter moth egg hatching
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Developmental changes in red-eyed treefrog embryo behavior increase escape-hatching success in wasp attacks
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Data from: Counting chicks before they hatch: Extending the observed lifetime to better characterise evolutionary processes in the wild
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Data from: Chilling induces prompt and synchronised hatching after obligatory diapause in the subtropical cricket <em>Cardiodactylus guttulus</em>
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Offspring sex ratio is affected by pre-breeding rainfall and hatching order in a cooperative breeding bird
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Data from: The hatching mechanism of 130-million-year-old insects: an association of neonates, egg shells and egg bursters in Lebanese amber
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Data from: To hatch and hatch not: Rejecting the hypothesis that heterochrony in vestibular mechanosensing explains poor escape-hatching success of Agalychnis spurrelli in snake attacks compared with its congener A. callidryas
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.