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102 results for “hawkmoths”
FIGURE 9 in Cryptic species among bumblebee mimics: an unrecognized Hemaris hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in eastern North America
FIGURE 9. Distribution of examined specimens of H. aethra. Associated specimen data is provided in Appendix 1.
FIGURE 1 in Cryptic species among bumblebee mimics: an unrecognized Hemaris hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in eastern North America
FIGURE 1. Molecular phylogeny of representative Hemaris diffinis-group COI 'barcode' haplotypes, as inferred using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods. Bootstrap values (500 replicates) and posterior probabilities are shown above branches. Hemaris diffinis (sensu stricto) haplotypes are represented by two clades, D1.x and D2.x, H. aethra (A.x) and H. thetis (T.x) by one clade each.
FIGURE 2 in Cryptic species among bumblebee mimics: an unrecognized Hemaris hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in eastern North America
FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of Hemaris diffinis-group mtDNA clades in eastern North America. Hemaris diffinis is represented by two haplotypes of two clades, D1 (black circles) and D2 (white circles), and H. aethra is represented by a single clade (triangles).
[Dataset] Tuneable reflexes control antennal positioning in flying hawkmoths
<p>The datasets used to study airflow-dependent antennal positioning in flying hawkmoths.</p>
Sex differences in the foraging behavior of a generalist hawkmoth
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Data from: Hawkmoth flight in the unsteady wakes of flowers
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Data from: Papilio butterfly vs. hawkmoth pollination explains floral syndrome dichotomy in a clade of Lilium
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Data from: A diversification relay race from Caribbean-Mesoamerica to the Andes: historical biogeography of Xylophanes hawkmoths
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Data from: Beyond neutral and forbidden links: morphological matches and the assembly of mutualistic hawkmoth-plant networks
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Supplementary material 5 from: Hundsdoerfer AK, Kitching IJ (2020) Morphological evolution in Hyles Hübner, 1819 hawkmoths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae): reconstructing the ancestral Hyles habitus. Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 181-210. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.49512
Figure S2
Supplementary material 1 from: Hundsdoerfer AK, Kitching IJ (2020) Morphological evolution in Hyles Hübner, 1819 hawkmoths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae): reconstructing the ancestral Hyles habitus. Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 181-210. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.49512
Table S1
Supplementary material 3 from: Hundsdoerfer AK, Kitching IJ (2020) Morphological evolution in Hyles Hübner, 1819 hawkmoths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae): reconstructing the ancestral Hyles habitus. Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 181-210. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.49512
Table S3
Supplementary material 2 from: Hundsdoerfer AK, Kitching IJ (2020) Morphological evolution in Hyles Hübner, 1819 hawkmoths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae): reconstructing the ancestral Hyles habitus. Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 181-210. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.49512
Table S2
Supplementary material 4 from: Hundsdoerfer AK, Kitching IJ (2020) Morphological evolution in Hyles Hübner, 1819 hawkmoths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae): reconstructing the ancestral Hyles habitus. Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 181-210. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.49512
Figure S1
Data from: Selection on floral design in Polemonium brandegeei (Polemoniaceae): female and male fitness under hawkmoth pollination
Plant-pollinator interactions promote the evolution of floral traits that attract pollinators and facilitate efficient pollen transfer. The spatial separation of sex-organs, herkogamy, is believed to limit sexual interference in hermaphrodite flowers. Reverse herkogamy (stigma recessed below anthers) and long narrow corolla-tubes are expected to promote efficiency in male function under hawkmoth pollination. We tested this prediction by measuring selection in six experimental arrays of Polemonium brandegeei, a species that displays continuous variation in herkogamy, resulting in a range of recessed to exserted stigmas. Under glasshouse conditions, we measured pollen removal and deposition, and estimated selection gradients (ß) through female fitness (seeds set) and male fitness (siring success based on 6 polymorphic microsatellite loci). Siring success was higher in plants with more nectar sugar and narrow corolla-tubes. However, selection through female function for reverse herkogamy was considerably stronger than was selection through male function. Hawkmoths were initially attracted to larger flowers, but overall preferred plants with reverse herkogamy. Greater pollen deposition and seed set also occurred in reverse herkogamous plants. Thus, reverse herkogamy may be maintained by hawkmoths through female rather than male function. Further, our results suggest that pollinator attraction may play a considerable role in enhancing female function.
Data from: Schlieren photography on freely flying hawkmoth
The aerodynamic force on flying insects result from the vortical flow structures that vary both spatially and temporally throughout flight. Due to these complexities and the inherent difficulties in studying flying insects in a natural setting, a complete picture of the vortical flow has been difficult to obtain experimentally. In this paper, Schlieren, a widely used technique for highspeed flow visualization, was adapted to capture the vortex structures around freely flying hawkmoth (Manduca). Flow features such as leading-edge vortex, trailing-edge vortex as well as the full vortex system in the wake was visualized directly. Quantification of the flow from the Schlieren images was then obtained by applying a physics-based optical flow method, extending the potential applications of the method to further studies of flying insects.
Data from: Selection on Polemonium brandegeei (Polemoniaceae) flowers under hummingbird pollination: in opposition, parallel, or independent of selection by hawkmoths?
Particular floral phenotypes are often associated with specific groups of pollinators. However, flowering plants are often visited, and may be effectively pollinated by more than one type of animal. Therefore, a major outstanding question in floral biology asks: what is the nature of selection on floral traits when pollinators are diverse? This study examined how hummingbirds selected on the floral traits of Polemonium brandegeei, a species pollinated by both hummingbirds and hawkmoths. In array populations of P. brandegeei, we measured pollen movement, and female (seeds set) and male (seeds sired) fitness under hummingbird pollination. We then compared the patterns of selection by hummingbirds with our previous study examining selection by hawkmoths. We documented contrasting selection on sex organ positioning through female function, with hummingbirds selecting for stigmas exserted beyond the anthers and hawkmoths selecting for stigmas recessed below the anthers. Furthermore, hummingbirds selected for longer and wider corolla tubes, and hawkmoths selected for narrower corolla tubes. Therefore, contrasting selection by hawkmoths and hummingbirds may account for variation in sex organ arrangements and corolla dimensions in P. brandegeei. We documented how floral traits under selection by multiple pollinators can result in either an intermediate "compromise" between selective pressures (sex organs) or apparent specialization (corolla tube length) to one pollinator.
Data from: Flexibility and control of thorax deformation during hawkmoth flight
The interaction between neuromuscular systems and body mechanics plays an important role in the production of coordinated movements in animals. Lepidopteran insects move their wings by distortion of the thorax structure via the indirect flight muscles (IFMs), which are activated by neural signals at every stroke. However, how the action of these muscles affects thorax deformation and wing kinematics is poorly understood. We measured the deformation of the dorsal thorax (mesonotum) of tethered flying hawkmoths, Agrius convolvuli, using a high-speed laser profilometer combined with simultaneous recordings of electromyograms and wing kinematics. We observed that locally amplified mesonotum deformation near the wing hinges ensures sufficient wing movement. Furthermore, phase asymmetry in IFM activity leads to phase asymmetry in mesonotum oscillations and wingbeats. Our results revealed the flexibility and controllability of the single structure of the mesonotum by neurogenic action of the IFMs.
Data from: UV bullseye contrast of Hemerocallis flowers attracts hawkmoths but not swallowtail butterflies
The colour and patterns of animal-pollinated flowers are known to have effects on pollinator attraction. In this study, the relative importance of flower colour and colour contrast patterns on pollinator attraction was examined in two pollinator groups, swallowtail butterflies and hawkmoths using two Hemerocallis species; butterfly-pollinated H. fulva and hawkmoth-pollinated H. citrina, having reddish and yellowish flowers in human vision, respectively. Flowers of both species have UV bullseye patterns, composed of UV-absorbing centres and UV-reflecting peripheries, known to function as a typical nectar guide, but UV reflectance was significantly more intense in the peripheries of H. citrina flowers than in those of H. fulva flowers. Comparison based on the visual systems of butterflies and hawkmoths showed that the colour contrast of the bullseye pattern in H. citrina was more intense than that in H. fulva. To evaluate the relative importance of flower colour and the colour contrast of bullseye pattern on pollinator attraction, we performed a series of observations using experimental arrays consisting of Hemerocallis species and their hybrids. As a result, swallowtail butterflies and crepuscular/nocturnal hawkmoths showed contrasting preferences for flower colour and patterns: butterflies preferred H. fulva-like coloured flower whereas the preference of hawkmoths was affected by the colour contrast of the bullseye pattern rather than flower colour. Both crepuscular and nocturnal hawkmoths consistently preferred flowers with stronger contrast of the UV bullseye pattern, whereas the preference of hawkmoths for flower colour was incoherent. Our finding suggests that hawkmoths can use UV-absorbing/reflecting bullseye patterns for foraging under light-limited environments and that the intensified bullseye contrast of H. citrina evolved as an adaptation to hawkmoths. Our results also showed the difference of visual systems between pollinators, which may have promoted floral divergence.
Evidence for hawkmoth pollination in the chiropterophilous African baobab (Adansonia digitata)
<p>Chiropterophily, or<b> </b>bat pollination, is typically considered a highly specialized pollination system that has evolved independently numerous times across the<b> </b>angiosperm phylogeny, with distinct lineages often converging on a similar suite of floral traits. The African baobab, <em>Adansonia digitata</em>, occurs widespread across continental Africa and introduced throughout much of the tropics, possesses floral traits classically associated with bat pollination, namely nocturnal anthesis, pendulous white flowers, and a "musky" fragrance. Despite this, our observations and pollination exclusion experiments in South African baobab populations suggested little if any role for bats, but instead showed that hawkmoths are the main pollinators. <span>Hand pollination indicated strong self-incompatibility and crossing experiments suggest minimal diurnal receptivity. </span>Furthermore, our analyses of floral volatiles revealed not only sulfur-containing compounds, commonly associated with bat pollination, but also a high concentration of the sesquiterpene <span>β-caryophyllene, a compound generally more typical of hawkmoth pollination</span>. <span>Comparing previous pollination studies and </span>published floral scent profiles from West Africa suggests that the classic bat pollination system in baobabs may be more labile than previously thought. This study provides an empirical example of a species that most likely evolved due to bat pollination yet has some degree of generality and possible geographic variation in floral traits and pollinator visitation patterns across its range.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.