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249 results for “human selection”
First in Human Study With NG-641, a Tumour Selective Transgene Expressing Adenoviral Vector
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04053283. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Cattle selectivity by leopards suggests ways to mitigate human-leopard conflict
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Green-up selection by red deer in heterogeneous, human-dominated landscapes of Central Europe
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Data from: Patterns of MHC-dependent mate selection in humans and non-human primates: a meta-analysis
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Data from: Living on the edge: multiscale habitat selection by cheetahs in a human-wildlife landscape
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Data from: Sexual selection on male vocal fundamental frequency in humans and other anthropoids
In many primates, including humans, the vocalizations of males and females differ dramatically, with male vocalizations and vocal anatomy often seeming to exaggerate apparent body size. These traits may be favoured by sexual selection because low-frequency male vocalizations intimidate rivals and/or attract females, but this hypothesis has not been systematically tested across primates, nor is it clear why competitors and potential mates should attend to vocalization frequencies. Here we show across anthropoids that sexual dimorphism in fundamental frequency (F0) increased during evolutionary transitions towards polygyny, and decreased during transitions towards monogamy. Surprisingly, humans exhibit greater F0 sexual dimorphism than any other ape. We also show that low-F0 vocalizations predict perceptions of men's dominance and attractiveness, and predict hormone profiles (low cortisol and high testosterone) related to immune function. These results suggest that low male F0 signals condition to competitors and mates, and evolved in male anthropoids in response to the intensity of mating competition.
Data from: Divergent selection on, but no genetic conflict over, female and male timing and rate of reproduction in a human population
The sexes often have different phenotypic optima for important life-history traits, and because of a largely shared genome this can lead to a conflict over trait expression. In mammals, the obligate costs of reproduction are higher for females, making reproductive timing and rate especially liable to conflict between the sexes. While studies from wild vertebrates support such sexual conflict, it remains unexplored in humans. We used a pedigreed human population from preindustrial Finland to estimate sexual conflict over age at first and last reproduction, reproductive lifespan and reproductive rate. We found that the phenotypic selection gradients differed between the sexes. We next established significant heritabilities in both sexes for all traits. All traits, except reproductive rate, showed strongly positive intersexual genetic correlations and were strongly genetically correlated with fitness in both sexes. Moreover, the genetic correlations with fitness were almost identical in men and women. For reproductive rate, the intersexual correlation and the correlation with fitness were weaker but again similar between the sexes. Thus, in this population, an apparent sexual conflict at the phenotypic level did not reflect an underlying genetic conflict over the studied reproductive traits. These findings emphasize the need for incorporating genetic perspectives into studies of human life-history evolution.
Data from: Single-cell selectivity and functional architecture of human lateral occipital complex
<p>The human lateral occipital complex (LOC) is more strongly activated by images of objects compared to scrambled controls, but detailed information at the neuronal level is currently lacking. We recorded with microelectrode arrays in the LOC of two patients, and obtained highly selective single-unit, multi-unit and high-gamma responses to images of objects. Contrary to predictions derived from functional imaging studies, all neuronal properties indicated that the posterior subsector of LOC we recorded from occupies an unexpectedly high position in the hierarchy of visual areas. Notably, the response latencies of LOC neurons were long, the shape selectivity was spatially clustered, LOC receptive fields were large and bilateral, and a number of LOC neurons exhibited 3D-structure selectivity (a preference for convex or concave stimuli), which are all properties typical of end-stage ventral stream areas. Thus, our results challenge prevailing ideas about the position of the more posterior subsector of LOC in the hierarchy of visual areas.</p>
Domain scanning results for a selected set of high-quality-annotation protein isoforms produced by human transcription factor genes
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Data for: The evolution of mammalian Rem2: unraveling the impact of purifying selection and coevolution on protein function, and implications for human disorders
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Data from: On the relative roles of background selection and genetic hitchhiking in shaping human cytomegalovirus genetic diversity
A central focus of population genetics has been examining the contribution of selective and neutral processes in shaping patterns of intraspecies diversity. In terms of selection specifically, surveys of higher organisms have shown considerable variation in the relative contributions of background selection and genetic hitchhiking in shaping the distribution of polymorphisms, though these analyses have rarely been extended to bacteria and viruses. Here, we study the evolution of a ubiquitous, viral pathogen, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), by analyzing the relationship among intraspecies diversity, interspecies divergence, and rates of recombination. We show that there is a strong correlation between diversity and divergence, consistent with expectations of neutral evolution. However, after correcting for divergence, there remains a significant correlation between intraspecies diversity and recombination rates, with additional analyses suggesting that this correlation is largely due to the effects of background selection. In addition, a small number of loci, centered on long non-coding RNAs, also show evidence of selective sweeps. These data suggest that HCMV evolution is dominated by neutral mechanisms as well as background selection, expanding our understanding of linked selection to a novel class of organisms.
Would you detour with me? Association between functional breed selection and social learning in dogs sheds light on elements of dog-human cooperation
<p>Raw dataset for the research article.</p> <p>Dog Owner Consent form</p>
Fig. 3. Selected 2D in Unusual matrine-adenine hybrids isolated from Sophora davidii and their inhibitory effects on human cytomegalovirus
Fig. 3. Selected 2D-NMR correlations of 1.
Fig. 2. Selected HMBC and 1H–1H in Metabolites isolated from the human intestinal fungus Penicillium oxalicum SL2 and their agonistic effects on PXR and FXR
Fig. 2. Selected HMBC and 1H–1H COSY correlations of compounds 1, 2, 5, and 8.
A First-in-human Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of AZD8853 in Participants With Selected Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumours
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05397171. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 0.
Human Models of Selective Insulin Resistance: Pancreatic Clamp
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06558422. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Study of PEGylated Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase (PEGPH20) With Pembrolizumab in Participants With Selected Hyaluronan High Solid Tumors
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02563548. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Positive selection underlies the species-specific binding of P. falciparum RH5 to human basigin
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Data from: Divergent selection on, but no genetic conflict over, female and male timing and rate of reproduction in a human population
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Data from: A face-selective ventral occipito-temporal map of the human brain with intracerebral potentials
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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