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Fig.2. A.Mound27,westernpartofHamarLaghdad.Blackshadedpatchesindicatetheoutletsofventingchimneys.Notehumanfigureforscale. B in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig.2. A.Mound27,westernpartofHamarLaghdad.Blackshadedpatchesindicatetheoutletsofventingchimneys.Notehumanfigureforscale. B.Boul− der with rugose coral meadows of Hamarophyllum belkai gen. et sp. nov. derived from the close vicinity of the vent outlet. Coin for scale.

Fig. 1. A in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig. 1. A. Simplified geologic map of the northeastern Anti−Atlas. Devonian rocks and location of Hamar Laghdad are indicated. B. Detailed geological mapofHamarLaghdadwithdistributionofparticulartypesofDevonianrocks.Numberedmudmoundsarethosefromwhichstudiedcoralswerecollected. C. Schematic stratigraphic log of the Hamar Laghdad. All drawings courtesy of Bełka (1998); figure B updated.

Fig. 7. A. Calice filled with ostracods. B in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig. 7. A. Calice filled with ostracods. B. Ostracod carapaces (arrow) between septa on the calice floor. C. The remnants of the presumably biogenic (sponge?) structure covering the entrance of the calice (arrow).

Fig.4 in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig.4. Percentageofindividualsof Hamarophyllum belkai gen. etsp.nov. growing: (1) in the calice of dead individuals, (2) on the external wall, (3) on other organic hard parts, (4) directly on the sediment.

Fig.9. Hamarophyllum belkai gen.etsp.nov. A–G in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig.9. Hamarophyllum belkai gen.etsp.nov. A–G.HolotypeUAMTc/BHD1/1/1,transversethinsectionsofsuccessiveontogeneticstages. H.Paratype UAM Tc/B HD27/1/1, longitudinal thin section.

Fig.3. A.Polishedsamplefromventingfieldonmound1 in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig.3. A.Polishedsamplefromventingfieldonmound1showingdensely packedspecimensof Hamarophyllum belkai genetsp.nov.;ontop−leftpart ofthefigurelargebandedcementsarevisible. B.Thinsectionofthesample A with numerous transverse sections of solitary rugosans showing calicein−calice growth.

Fig. 6 in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig. 6. Longitudinalsectionof Hamarophyllum belkai gen. et sp. nov. corals illustrating "calice−in−calice" growth. a–d indicate successive generations of corals.

Fig.5. Hamarophyllum belkai gen.etsp.nov. A–L in Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

Fig.5. Hamarophyllum belkai gen.etsp.nov. A–L.Serialtransversethinsectionsofsuccessivestagesof"caliceincalice"growth.Whitearrowsindicate the development of one specimen (paratype UAM Tc/B HD27/4/1) in the calice of dead individual. Black arrows show double "calice in calice" growth withintheemptycaliceofthespecimenpreviouslydeveloped(whitearrow).Numbersinwhiteellipsesshowthedistances(inmm)ofsuccessivethinsections from A.

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FIGURE 2 in VERENA TUNNICLIFFE & CORINNA BREUSING (2022) Redescription of Bathymodiolus septemdierum Hashimoto and Okutani, 1994 (Bivalvia, Mytilida, Mytilidae), a mussel broadly distributed across hydrothermal vent locations in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans. Zootaxa, 5214 (3): 337-364.

FIGURE 2 Haplotype networks for mitochondrial COI and ND4, with haplotypes coloured by broader geographic region or type / paratype locality. Dot sizes are proportional to haplotype frequency. Dashes on connecting branches indicate number of mutations between haplotypes. Despite shared genetic variation among geographic regions, haplotypes can be broadly grouped into an Indian and western Pacific cluster.

FIG. 4. — Styloptocuma darwini n in A new Styloptocuma species (Crustacea, Cumacea) from hydrothermal vent fields of the Lau and North Fiji basins (West Pacific)

FIG. 4. — Styloptocuma darwini n. sp., immature ♀ paratype (MNHN Cu1137): A, antenna 1; B, maxilliped 3; C, pereopod 1; D, pereopod 2; E, pereopod 3; F, pereopod 4; G, pereopod 5; H, uropod (before treatment with lactic acid). Scale bar: 0.2 mm.

FIG. 1 in A new Styloptocuma species (Crustacea, Cumacea) from hydrothermal vent fields of the Lau and North Fiji basins (West Pacific)

FIG. 1. — Localization of the three hydrothermal vent fields in the West Pacific back-arc basins where Styloptocuma darwini n. sp. was collected.

FIG. 2. — Styloptocuma darwini n in A new Styloptocuma species (Crustacea, Cumacea) from hydrothermal vent fields of the Lau and North Fiji basins (West Pacific)

FIG. 2. — Styloptocuma darwini n. sp., immature ♀ holotype (MNHN Cu1136), whole animal in lateral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 3. — Styloptocuma darwini n in A new Styloptocuma species (Crustacea, Cumacea) from hydrothermal vent fields of the Lau and North Fiji basins (West Pacific)

FIG. 3. — Styloptocuma darwini n. sp., immature ♀ paratype (MNHN Cu1137): A, right mandible; B, left mandible; C, maxillule; D, maxilla; E, maxilliped 1; F, maxilliped 2. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

Figure 8. Stenothoe menezgweni, DIVA 2 in Stenothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of hydrothermal vents and surroundings on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Azores Triple Junction zone

Figure 8. Stenothoe menezgweni, DIVA 2, PL26, holotype female. (1) Antenna 1; (2) scale as accessory flagellum; (3) antenna 2; (4) maxilliped; (5) gnathopod 1; (6) gnathopod 2; (7) pereiopod 3; (8) pereiopod 5. Scale bars: 100 mm.

Figure 1 in Stenothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of hydrothermal vents and surroundings on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Azores Triple Junction zone

Figure 1. Torometopa saldanhae, ATOS, PL115-13, holotype male. (1) Head; (2) antenna 1; (3) antenna 2; (4) mandible; (5) maxilla 1; (6) maxilla 2; (7) maxilliped; (8) gnathopod 1; (9) gnathopod 2; (10) pereiopod 3; (11) epimeral plate 3. Scale bars: 100 mm.

Figure 6 in Stenothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of hydrothermal vents and surroundings on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Azores Triple Junction zone

Figure 6. Stenothoe marvela, MARVEL, PL1199, holotype female. (1) Maxilliped; (2) pereiopod 4; (3) pereiopod 5; (4) pereiopod 6; (5) pereiopod 7; (6) uropod 1; (7) uropod 2; (8) uropod 3; (9) telson. Scale bars: 100 mm.

Figure 5 in Stenothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of hydrothermal vents and surroundings on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Azores Triple Junction zone

Figure 5. Stenothoe marvela, MARVEL, PL1199, holotype female. (1) Habitus; (2) antenna 1; (3) antenna 2; (4) mandible; (5) maxilla 1; (6) maxilla 2; (7) gnathopod 1; (8) gnathopod 2; (9) pereiopod 3; (10) epimeral plate 3. Scale bars: 100 mm.

Figure 3. Stenothoe divae, DIVA 1 in Stenothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of hydrothermal vents and surroundings on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Azores Triple Junction zone

Figure 3. Stenothoe divae, DIVA 1, DV11-5. (1, 2, 5, 6) Holotype male and (4) paratype female: (1) habitus; (2) gnathopod 1; (5) pereiopod 3; (6) epimeral plate 3. (3) Holotype male: gnathopod 2. (4) Paratype female: gnathopod 2. Scale bars: 100 mm.

Figure 2 in Stenothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of hydrothermal vents and surroundings on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Azores Triple Junction zone

Figure 2. Torometopa saldanhae, ATOS, PL115-13. (1–8) Holotype male and paratype female: (1) pereiopod 4; (2) pereiopod 5; (3) pereiopod 6; (4) pereiopod 7; (5) uropod 1; (6) uropod 2; (7) uropod 3; (8) telson. (9, 10) Paratype female: (9) gnathopod 1; (10) gnathopod 2. Scale bars: 100 mm.

Figure 4. Stenothoe divae, DIVA 1 in Stenothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of hydrothermal vents and surroundings on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Azores Triple Junction zone

Figure 4. Stenothoe divae, DIVA 1, DV11-5, holotype male. (1) Mandible; (2) maxilla 1; (3) maxilla 2; (4) maxilliped; (5) pereiopod 4; (6) pereiopod 5; (7) pereiopod 7; (8) pereiopod 6; (9) uropod 1; (10) uropod 2; (11) uropod 3; (12) telson. Scale bars: 100 mm.