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458 results for “incubator”
Quantifying the Incubation Period of Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review
<p>Compiled dataset for the paper "Quantifying the Incubation Period of Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review"</p>
Effects of incubation temperature on the upper thermal tolerance of the imperiled longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys)
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Haemosporidian parasites and incubation period influence plumage coloration in tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae)
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The influence of incubation temperature on offspring traits varies across northern and southern populations of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
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Individual optimization of reproductive investment and the cost of incubation in a wild songbird
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Data from: Maternal provisioning interacts with incubation temperature to affect hatchling mercury exposure in an oviparous reptile
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Resource allocation underlies parental decision-making during incubation in the Manx shearwater
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Ambient nutrients, carbon, and DOM absorbance metrics along with experimental dissolved oxygen decay rates for 5-day incubations of water within the Waccamaw River Watershed, SC, Summer 2020.
Dissolved oxygen (DO) impairment within coastal waters is widespread. Rising temperatures may exacerbate low DO levels by enhancing organic matter (OM) degradation. Here, the temperature sensitivity of OM degradation was investigated as DO decay rates determined during standard five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) measurements conducted under different incubation temperatures. Sampling was conducted in the Waccamaw River watershed, South Carolina, a blackwater river with extensive forested wetland that also receives drainage from stormwater detention ponds associated with coastal development, thus providing contrasting sources of OM composition. Temperature sensitivities were measured as Q10 temperature coefficients, which define how DO decay rates change with 10 degrees of warming. The average Q10 value for the wetland sites (2.14 ± 0.41) was significantly greater (p = 0.004) than those measured in either the river (1.49 ± 0.36) or stormwater ponds (1.41 ± 0.21). Furthermore, using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change intermediate-to-very high temperature estimates for 2100 of +2.7 – 4.4 °C, average predicted increases in DO decay rates for wetlands (~22-39 %) are more than double the River (~11-18 %) and stormwater pond rates (~9-16 %). Our findings for inland, coastal waters agree with previous results for soils, suggesting that temperature sensitivities are variable across sites and increase with more complex, lower quality OM. Future modeling scenarios of DO utilization must therefore consider the influence of OM heterogeneity and the temperature sensitivity response of OM degradation across sources and region to better predict how climate change may impact oxygen impairment in aquatic ecosystems.
The effects of nitrogen and warming on inorganic nitrogen pool and production rates in arctic and boreal ecosystems: inorganic nitrogen transformation during a 3-month laboratory incubation
We incubated (2006) northern Alaskan soils (boreal and tundra) at two temperatures (5 degC and 15 degC) and two levels of nitrogen addition (with and without) to directly test for nitrogen limitation of inorganic nitrogen production rate and explore the interaction between temperature and nitrogen limitation. Over the 3-month laboratory incubation, we measured initial extratable inorganic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen production rates from organic and mineral soils from four different ecosystem types (boreal burned, boreal unburned, moist acidic, moist non-acidic). To charactarize the soils, we also measured total C, total N, microbial biomass, isotopes values (delta 13, delta14), total free amino acid, and total soluble protein.
The effects of nitrogen and warming on soil respiration in arctic and boreal ecosystems: microbial respiration during a 924-day laboratory incubation
We incubated (2006-2009) northern Alaskan soils (boreal and tundra) at two temperatures (5 degC and 15 degC) and two levels of nitrogen addition (with and without) to directly test for nitrogen limitation of soil organic matter decomposition and explore the interaction between temperature and nitrogen limitation. Over the 924-day laboratory incubation, we measured microbial respiration from organic and mineral soils from four different ecosystem types (boreal burned, boreal unburned, moist acidic, moist non-acidic).
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR): Off Plot Soil Incubation By Depth I - Soil Properties and Final Microbial Biomass 2013-2014
The Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem warming cause a net release of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C, that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool, influence ecosystem C loss?, and 3) How do winter and summer warming alone, and in combination, affect ecosystem C exchange? We are answering these questions using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure ecosystem carbon balance and radiocarbon isotope ratios at a warming experiment located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. We investigated C and nitrogen (N) mineralization within the soil profile by incubating soil cores collected adjacent to (but not within) the CiPEHR site. These soil cores spanned the entire active layer and approximately 30 cm of permafrost. Soil cores were separated into 10 cm depth intervals and incubated for 241 days at 15 degC and field moisture was maintained with water additions. This dataset contains data on the bulk soil %C, bulk soil %N, soil bulk density, initial gravimetric water content measured prior to the incubation. Microbial biomass was measured at the end of the incubation and is presented here as well.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR): Off Plot Soil Incubation By Depth II - Soil CO2 Fluxes 2013-2014
The Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem warming cause a net release of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C, that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool, influence ecosystem C loss?, and 3) How do winter and summer warming alone, and in combination, affect ecosystem C exchange? We are answering these questions using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure ecosystem carbon balance and radiocarbon isotope ratios at a warming experiment located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. We investigated C and nitrogen (N) mineralization within the soil profile by incubating soil cores collected adjacent to (but not within) the CiPEHR site. These soil cores spanned the entire active layer and approximately 30 cm of permafrost. Soil cores were separated into 10 cm depth intervals and incubated for 241 days at 15 degC and field moisture was maintained with water additions. This dataset contains CO2 flux rates measured periodically throughout the incubation.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR): Off Plot Soil Incubation By Depth III - Soil Extracts 2013-2014
The Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem warming cause a net release of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C, that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool, influence ecosystem C loss?, and 3) How do winter and summer warming alone, and in combination, affect ecosystem C exchange? We are answering these questions using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure ecosystem carbon balance and radiocarbon isotope ratios at a warming experiment located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. We investigated C and nitrogen (N) mineralization within the soil profile by incubating soil cores collected adjacent to (but not within) the CiPEHR site. These soil cores spanned the entire active layer and approximately 30 cm of permafrost. Soil cores were separated into 10 cm depth intervals and incubated for 241 days at 15 degC and field moisture was maintained with water additions. This dataset contains extractable pools of dissolved inorganic N (DIN, NH4 + NO3) and non-particulate organic carbon (NPOC). Measurements were made periodically throughout the incubation by destructively harvesting subsamples of soil and performing 2M KCl vacuum extractions.
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Nutrient addition incubation experiments using sediments from supraglacial streams in Taylor Valley, Antarctica, December 2017
We used sediment incubations to quantify and compare nutrient uptake rates from biota living in sediment across glaciers in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Hughes Glacier is located towards the polar plateau on the western edge of the valley and flows from the southern Kukri Hills north into the valley. Canada and Commonwealth glaciers flow south into the valley from the Asgard range. Commonwealth glacier is located closest to the ocean on the east end of the valley. Canada glacier is located mid-valley, between Hughes and Commonwealth glaciers. Sediment was brought to the lab and incubated with added nutrient solutions. Solutions were then analyzed to determine change in nutrient concentration.Â
Fertilized and reference tidal creek sediment chlorophyll a and pheophytin concentrations following whole core incubations, Ipswich and Rowley, MA
Salt marsh ecosystems serve as critical nutrient filters by removing reactive nitrogen (N) through denitrification. We examined the influence of long-term fertilization on N transformation and removal in a salt marsh tidal creek ecosystem fringing the Plum Island Sound estuary in northern Massachusetts, USA. Sediment oxygen demand was within the range of other marsh systems (1271.9 to 7855.0 µmol m-2 h-1) and was not significantly different between the fertilized and reference creek. Net N2 fluxes ranged from net N fixation of -402.7 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1 in the reference creek to net denitrification of 524.9 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1 in the fertilized creek. Net N2 flux and nitrate uptake were significantly higher in the fertilized creek, and in both creeks, net denitrification appeared to be nitrate limited. We calculated rates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and found it to be significantly higher in the fertilized creek, representing 45 and 11% of the total nitrate uptake in the fertilized and reference creeks, respectively. Additionally, there was a strong relationship between ammonium and nitrite fluxes in both creeks. These results suggest that DNRA may outcompete denitrification at high nitrate concentrations. Increased anthropogenic nutrient loading may therefore have a detrimental effect on the N removal capacity of salt marsh ecosystems. (From: Vieillard and Fulweiler (2012) Marine Ecology Progress Series 147: 11-22. DOI:10.3354/meps10013).
Sediment oxygen, di-nitrogen (gas), nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate flux from sealed, whole sediment core incubations from a fertilized (Sweeney) and reference (West) creek in the Plum Island Estuary, Massachusetts.
Salt marsh ecosystems serve as critical nutrient filters by removing reactive nitrogen (N) through denitrification. We examined the influence of long-term fertilization on N transformation and removal in a salt marsh tidal creek ecosystem fringing the Plum Island Sound estuary in northern Massachusetts, USA. Sediment oxygen demand was within the range of other marsh systems (1271.9 to 7855.0 µmol m-2 h-1) and was not significantly different between the fertilized and reference creek. Net N2 fluxes ranged from net N fixation of -402.7 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1 in the reference creek to net denitrification of 524.9 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1 in the fertilized creek. Net N2 flux and nitrate uptake were significantly higher in the fertilized creek, and in both creeks, net denitrification appeared to be nitrate limited. We calculated rates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and found it to be significantly higher in the fertilized creek, representing 45 and 11% of the total nitrate uptake in the fertilized and reference creeks, respectively. Additionally, there was a strong relationship between ammonium and nitrite fluxes in both creeks. These results suggest that DNRA may outcompete denitrification at high nitrate concentrations. Increased anthropogenic nutrient loading may therefore have a detrimental effect on the N removal capacity of salt marsh ecosystems. (From: Vieillard and Fulweiler (2012) Marine Ecology Progress Series 147: 11-22. DOI:10.3354/meps10013).
Water column nitrate and ammonium concentrations, sediment oxygen, di-nitrogen (gas), nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate flux from sealed, whole core incubations, Rowley River, Rowley, MA.
Tidal flats are critical components of coastal estuarine ecosystems characterized by high rates of benthic primary productivity and biogeochemical cycling. In order to investigate the impact of anthropogenic nutrient loading on tidal flat biogeochemistry we carried out a two-week fertilization experiment. Throughout the course of the study we conducted two light-dark, whole-core incubations and took measurements of three indicators of microphytobenthos activity in addition to quantifying the resident eastern mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoleta) population.
Data from: Inter-colony variation in foraging flight characteristics of black-headed gulls Chroicocephalus ridibundus during the incubating period
Using GPS-loggers, we examined the influence of colony, sex, and bird identity on foraging flight characteristics of black-headed gulls <i>Chroicocephalus ridibundus </i>during the incubation period. We studied tracks of 36 individuals breeding in one urban and two rural colonies in Poland. Birds from both rural colonies performed the furthest flights (mean 8-12 km, up to 27 km) foraging mainly in agricultural areas. Gulls from the urban colony performed shorter flights (median 5 km, up to 17 km) visiting mainly urbanized areas and water bodies. We found that females performed longer flights and their flights parameters were less repeatable compared to males. Males from both rural colonies visited water bodies more frequently than females. In all colonies males (but not females) used habitats unproportionally to their availability in the vicinity. Relatively low inter-individual and relatively high intra-individual overlap in home ranges indicated considerable foraging site fidelity. Individuals specialized in the use of particular type of habitat performed shorter foraging flights compared to individuals using diverse habitats during their foraging flights. Our results indicate diverse foraging strategies of black-headed gulls, including generalists that explore various habitats and specialists characterized by high foraging site and habitat fidelity.
Incubation temperature as a constraint on clutch size evolution
<p>1. Elucidating factors that limit the number of offspring produced is fundamental to understanding life-history evolution. Here, we examine the hypothesis that parental ability to maintain an optimal physical developmental environment for all offspring constrains clutch size via effects on offspring quality.</p> <p>2. Experimental laboratory studies of birds have shown that a <1°C difference in average incubation temperature has diverse effects on fitness-related post-hatching offspring phenotypes. Thus, the inability of parents to maintain optimal incubation temperatures could constrain clutch sizes.</p> <p>3. A fundamental question that has not been sufficiently addressed is whether larger clutch sizes lead to within nest variation in egg temperature that is large enough to produce offspring with different phenotypes within a brood. This could lead to differential survival among offspring, and could create a tradeoff between offspring number and quality.</p> <p>4. We manipulated clutch size in nests of free-living wood ducks and measured incubation temperature among and within clutches using multiple temperature loggers.</p> <p>5. As clutch size increased, average incubation temperatures were lower and more variable, and eggs took longer to hatch. Notably, the range in average incubation temperature among eggs within nests increased with clutch size and exceeded 1°C in large clutches.</p> <p>6. Clutch size did not affect hatch success. In conjunction with our companion laboratory studies that used artificial incubation to document the effects of temperature variation on fitness-related traits in this species, our work suggests that suboptimal incubation temperatures could be a factor that limits clutch size through diminishing returns on post-hatch offspring quality.</p>
Data from: Experience counts: the role of female age in morning incubation and brooding behavior in relation to temperature
<p>Reproductive experience can impact how individuals allocate time and energy to reproduction and generate differences in reproductive behavior that leads to experience dependent variation in reproductive success. In order to understand if individual variation in parental behavior is related to environmental temperature and breeding experience, we observed the timing and duration of the first morning off bout in a wild, open cup nesting passerine bird during the incubation and early nestling period. We compared incubation behaviors and nest temperature of inexperienced (second year = first breeding season) and experienced (after second year) female hooded warblers <i>Setophaga citrina</i>. Females left the nest earlier on colder mornings suggesting an energetic constraint due to the long overnight on bout during colder temperatures. During incubation, females increased the duration of the first morning off bout with increasing temperature. Similarly, during the early nestling period, experienced females had shorter off bout duration on colder mornings and increased duration with warmer temperatures. In contrast, inexperienced females increased off bout duration with colder morning temperatures. Experienced females maintained higher nest temperatures and higher minimum nest temperatures compared to inexperienced females. We also found evidence that experienced females nested in microhabitats with higher minimum morning temperature which may buffer older females from colder daily extremes and enable older females to maintain higher nest temperatures. While we found no relationship between incubation and brooding behaviors and fledging success, the proportion of the clutch that hatched was positively related to minimum nest temperature. The ability of experienced females to maintain higher minimum nest temperatures and to adjust brooding behaviors during colder mornings is a potential mechanism that has consequences for nestling condition in a wild population. Our results highlight the need to examine experience related parental care behaviors in responding to environmental variation.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.