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Figures 6–9 in Intraspecific clinal variation in Plagiodontes patagonicus (Gastropoda: Orthalicidae, Odontostominae), an endemic species from Argentina

Figures 6–9. Scanning electron micrographs of protoconchs of Plagiodontes patagonicus from southern Buenos Aires province, Argentina. (6) Young typical specimen from Bahía Blanca (i.e. typical P. patagonicus). (7) Adult, eroded shell from Bahía Blanca. (8) Young specimen from the Ventania Mountains (i.e. P. magnus). (9) Adult shell from the Ventania Mountains.

Figure 5 in Intraspecific clinal variation in Plagiodontes patagonicus (Gastropoda: Orthalicidae, Odontostominae), an endemic species from Argentina

Figure 5. Scatter plot showing the mean shell size and standard deviation of Plagiodontes patagonicus as a function of land altitude. Values showing the same lower-case letter are not significantly different from each other (least significant difference and Bonferroni's tests).

Figure 3 in Intraspecific clinal variation in Plagiodontes patagonicus (Gastropoda: Orthalicidae, Odontostominae), an endemic species from Argentina

Figure 3. Scatter plot of the scores of the first (PC1) and second (PC2) principal components for shells of Plagiodontes snails from southern Buenos Aires province. Bahía Blanca and Ventania Mountains are the typical localities of P. patagonicus and P. magnus, respectively.

Figure 10 in Intraspecific clinal variation in Plagiodontes patagonicus (Gastropoda: Orthalicidae, Odontostominae), an endemic species from Argentina

Figure 10. Proportions of shells showing 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 lower palatal teeth as a function of shell length.

Figure 2 in Intraspecific clinal variation in Plagiodontes patagonicus (Gastropoda: Orthalicidae, Odontostominae), an endemic species from Argentina

Figure 2. Plagiodontes shells from three localities in southern Buenos Aires province. (1, 2) Shells from Bahía Blanca vicinities (i.e. typical P. patagonicus); (3, 4) shells from Carrindanga way, km 50 (i.e. an intermediate place between the type localities of P. patagonicus and P. magnus); (5, 6) shells from the Ventania Mountain System (i.e. typical P. magnus).

Figure 1 in Intraspecific clinal variation in Plagiodontes patagonicus (Gastropoda: Orthalicidae, Odontostominae), an endemic species from Argentina

Figure 1. Sampling area. Black triangles: localities for shell morphometry; open triangles: localities for internal anatomy.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

FIGURE 1. Snake chromosomes. A in Karyotypes of Coralsnakes (Reptilia: Elapidae) from the Western Hemisphere, with Comments on Intraspecific Variation and Centric Fission of Chromosomes

FIGURE 1. Snake chromosomes. A. Karyotype of Micruroides euryxanthus (2n = 34, with 14 macrochromosomes and 20 microchromosomes), AMNH R-109413, male. B. Karyotype of Micrurus tener (2n = 32 in males, 33 in females, with 16 macrochromosomes and 16 microchromosomes in males, 17 microchromosomes in females), AMNH R-110075, female illustrated with ZW1W2 sex chromosome heteromorphism. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURE 4 in Intraspecific variation through ontogeny in Late Cretaceous ammonites

FIGURE 4. Measurements of Scaphites whitfieldi Cobban, 1951, in dorsoventral section. Abbreviations: dm, shell diameter; uw, umbilical width; WER, whorl expansion rate; wh, whorl height; ww, whorl width.

FIGURE 3 in Intraspecific variation through ontogeny in Late Cretaceous ammonites

FIGURE 3. Facies map of the Western Interior Seaway during the deposition of the lower Turonian Scaphites whitfieldi Zone (simplified from McGookey, 1972). The localities are indicated by stars.

FIGURE 7 in Intraspecific variation through ontogeny in Late Cretaceous ammonites

FIGURE 7. Box and whiskers plot showing the intraspecific variation of each shell parameter at three ontogenetic stages. The thickness of the boxes represents the middle two quartiles and the whiskers extend to the maximum and minimum values.

FIGURE 6 in Intraspecific variation through ontogeny in Late Cretaceous ammonites

FIGURE 6. Ontogenetic trajectories of two specimens of Scaphites whitfieldi Cobban, 1951. The ratios are plotted against log diameter (dm). The specimen with the white dots (YPM 391004) shows the ontogenetic pattern typical of specimens from the siltstone and the specimen with black dots (AMNH 82703) shows the ontogenetic pattern typical of specimens from the shale.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

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Genotype and genetic diversity data for: Contrasts in riverscape patterns of intraspecific genetic variation in a diverse Neotropical fish community of high conservation value

Spatial patterns in genetic variation compared across species provide information about the predictability of genetic diversity of natural populations and areas requiring conservation measures. Due to their remarkable fish diversity, rivers in Neotropical regions are ideal systems to confront theory with observations and would benefit greatly from such approaches given their increasing vulnerability to anthropogenic pressures. We used SNP data from 18 fish species with contrasting life-history traits, co-sampled across 12 sites in the Maroni – a major river system from the Guiana Shield – to compare patterns of intraspecific genetic variation and identify their underlying drivers. Analyses of covariance revealed a decrease in genetic diversity as distance from the river outlet increased for 5 of the 18 species, illustrating a pattern commonly observed in riverscapes for species with low-to-medium dispersal abilities. However, mean within-site genetic diversity was lowest in the two easternmost tributaries of the Upper Maroni and around an urbanized location downstream, indicating the need to address the potential influence of local pressures in these areas, such as goldmining or fishing. Finally, the relative influence of isolation by stream distance, isolation by discontinuous river flow and isolation by spatial heterogeneity in effective size on pairwise genetic differentiation varied across species. Species with similar dispersal and reproductive guilds did not necessarily display shared patterns of population structure. Increasing the knowledge of specific life history traits and ecological requirements of fish species in these remote areas should help further understand factors that influence their current patterns of genetic variation.