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271 results for “introduced species”
Data from: Chemical novelty facilitates herbivore resistance and biological invasions in some introduced plant species
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Data from: dispersal restriction and facilitation in species with differing tolerance to development: a landscape genetics study of native and introduced lizards
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Figs. 3, 4. Macrosiphum tonantzin. 3 in A New Species Of Macrosiphum Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) From Mexico On The Introduced Plant Pittosporum Undulatum Ventenat (Pittosporaceae)
Figs. 3, 4. Macrosiphum tonantzin. 3, Head capsule and antennal segments I of aptera, dorsum. 4, Head capsule and antennal segments I of aptera, ventral surface.
Data from: Global test of Eltonian niche conservatism of nonnative freshwater fish species between their native and introduced ranges
Despite growing evidence that biotic interactions limit the distribution of species and their potential redistribution under climate change, the recent surge of interest in niche conservatism has predominantly focused on the Grinellian (abiotic) niche, whereas few studies have attempted to quantify potential lability in the Eltonian (biotic or trophic) niche. Here, we test for conservatism in the Eltonian niche of 32 freshwater fish species between their introduced and native ranges from 435 populations across the globe. We used stable isotope data to quantify niche shifts along the horizontal (δ13C: indicating the origin of the resources consumed) and vertical (δ15N: describing the trophic position) dimensions of the isotopic niche, as well as shifts in overall isotopic niche breadth. Using an assemblage centroid standardized isotope vector analysis and controlling for phylogenetic relatedness among species, we demonstrated that introduced freshwater fishes exhibited flexibility in both resource use and trophic position that was beyond levels of natural variability observed in their native ranges. By contrast, niche breadth showed variability only within the limits recorded in native populations and varied independently from shifts in mean isotopic niche positions. Across all species and introduction histories, we found a consistent shift towards more balanced acquisition of resources with mixed origins and at intermediate trophic positions, suggesting a general mechanism by which fish species successfully establish into recipient communities. The mechanisms that promote or inhibit species from shifting their Eltonian niche remains unknown, but trophic flexibility is likely to contribute to both the success and the ecological impacts of invasive species and range shifts of native species under future global change.
Data from: Reconstructing changes in the genotype, phenotype, and climatic niche of an introduced species
An introduced species must contend with enormous environmental variation in its introduced range. In this study, we use niche models and ordination analyses to reconstruct changes in genotype, phenotype, and climatic niche of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), which is regarded as one of the world's most threatening invasive plants. In the United States, Johnsongrass has rapidly evolved within- and among-population genetic diversity; our results show that genetic differentiation in expanding Johnsongrass populations has resulted in phenotypic variation that is consistent with habitat and climatic variation encountered during its expansion. Moreover, Johnsongrass expanded from agricultural to non-agricultural habitat, and now, despite occupying overlapping ranges, extant agricultural and non-agricultural populations are genetically and phenotypically distinct and manifest different plastic responses when encountering environmental variation. Non-agricultural accessions are broadly distributed in climatic and geographic space and their fitness traits demonstrate plastic responses to common garden conditions that are consistent with local specialization. In contrast, agricultural accessions demonstrate "general purpose" plastic responses and have more restricted climatic niches and geographic distributions. They also grow much larger than non-agricultural accessions. If these differences are adaptive, our results suggest that adaptation to local habitat variation plays a crucial role in the ecology of this invader. Further, its success relates to its ability to succeed on dual fronts, by responding simultaneously to habitat and climate variability and by capitalizing on differential responses to these factors during its range expansion.
Data from: Introducing resprouters to enhance Mediterranean forest resilience: importance of functional traits to select species according to a gradient of pine density
Resprouter species are important for Mediterranean ecosystem resilience, but they are scarce in landscapes dominated by pioneer pines. Sound knowledge of resprouter seedling functional responses and establishment success across different pine habitats would help guide forest restoration efforts. Four broadleaved resprouter species, that is two shrubs – Arbutus unedo and Pistacia terebinthus – and two trees – Fraxinus ornus and Sorbus domestica – were planted under an experimentally created gradient of pine cover from totally open conditions to dense pine cover. Seedling survival and growth were monitored for 5 years. Phenological, physiological and morphological traits were measured to gain insight into the mechanisms of pine–seedling interaction. Interaction outcomes varied according to species identity, pine cover treatment and time. Light-to-moderate pine cover induced greater height growth and little or no effects on diameter and survival of the two trees. Competition was always detected for shrubs, whereas competition and facilitation were noted for trees. Within pine stands, negative interactions increased with tree cover, making dense stands the most limiting. Interactions were only detectable after 2–3 years, but increased in intensity with time. Functional responses to increasing pine cover indicated a seedling strategy of carbon gain optimization in the shade (increased specific leaf area and leaf area, decreased leaf dry matter content), particularly in tree species seedlings. Increasing pine cover induced higher water stress, but lower photochemical stress. The deciduous species had a longer vegetation season under pine canopies, whereas the evergreen shrub Arbutus unedo showed a lower polycyclism rate and flower production. Synthesis and applications. Moderate pine cover facilitates the establishment of deciduous trees at the expense of shrubs. This pattern can be attributed to a higher shade tolerance of the trees than the shrubs combined with a low tolerance of trees to photoinhibition. We therefore recommend using evergreen shrubs for the restoration of open land and high-specific-leaf-area deciduous trees for pine stand diversification. However, in dense forests, thinning is needed to increase light availability prior to seedling introduction.
Data from: Genomic patterns of diversity and divergence of two introduced salmonid species in Patagonia, South America
Invasive species have become widespread in aquatic environments throughout the world, yet there are few studies that have examined genomic variation of multiple introduced species in newly colonized environments. In this study, we contrast genomic variation in two salmonid species (anadromous Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, 11,579 SNPs and resident Brook Charr Salvelinus fontinalis, 13,522 SNPs) with differing invasion success after introduction to new environments in South America relative to populations from their native range in North America. Estimates of genetic diversity were not significantly different between introduced and source populations for either species, indicative of propagule pressure that has been shown to maintain diversity in founding populations relative to their native range. Introduced populations also demonstrated higher connectivity and gene flow than those in their native range. Evidence for candidate loci under divergent selection was observed, but was limited to specific introduced populations and was not widely evident. Patterns of genomic variation were consistent with general dispersal potential of each species and therefore also the notion that life history variation may contribute to both invasion success and subsequent genetic structure of these two salmonids in Patagonia.
FIGURE 6 A–D. Turbonilla iseborae n in Six new species of pyramidellids (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pyramidelloidea) from West Africa, introducing the new genus Kongsrudia
FIGURE 6 A–D. Turbonilla iseborae n. sp. A: Holotype, teleoconch, station G2, Gabon, 00º19'N 09º15'E; B: Paratype, station G2, Gabon, 00º19'N 09º15'E; C: Holotype, protoconch; D: Paratype, details of the base.
FIGURE 7 A–E. Turbonilla korantengi n in Six new species of pyramidellids (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pyramidelloidea) from West Africa, introducing the new genus Kongsrudia
FIGURE 7 A–E. Turbonilla korantengi n. sp. A: Holotype teleoconch, station CR2, Republic of Congo, 04º29'S 10º56'E; B-C: Holotype protoconch; D: Holotype details of the sculpture and base; E: Holotype details of the sculpture.
FIGURE 5 A–D. Turbonilla anselmopenasi n in Six new species of pyramidellids (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pyramidelloidea) from West Africa, introducing the new genus Kongsrudia
FIGURE 5 A–D. Turbonilla anselmopenasi n. sp. A: Holotype, teleoconch, station G11, Gabon, 02º40'S 09º14'E; B-D: Holotype, details of the sculpture and microstructure.
FIGURE 3 A–F. Kongsrudia rolani n in Six new species of pyramidellids (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pyramidelloidea) from West Africa, introducing the new genus Kongsrudia
FIGURE 3 A–F. Kongsrudia rolani n. sp. A: Paratype, teleoconch, station G16, Gabon, 03º49'S, 10º37'E; B: Holotype, teleoconch, station G16, Gabon, 03º49'S, 10º37'E; C-D: Paratype, protoconch, station G16, Gabon, 03º49'S, 10º37'E; E-F: Paratype, details of the sculpture and microstructure, station N15, Nigeria, 04º01'N, 07º58'E.
FIGURE 1 in Six new species of pyramidellids (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pyramidelloidea) from West Africa, introducing the new genus Kongsrudia
FIGURE 1. Map of the stations from which the specimens used in this paper were collected. Se also Table 1.
FIGURE 8 A–E. Turbonilla alvheimi n in Six new species of pyramidellids (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pyramidelloidea) from West Africa, introducing the new genus Kongsrudia
FIGURE 8 A–E. Turbonilla alvheimi n. sp. A: Holotype teleoconch, station G3, Gabon, 00º05'N 09º02'E; B: Paratype teleoconch, station G3, Gabon, 00º05'N 09º02'E; C: Holotype protoconch; D: Holotype details of the sculpture and base; E: Holotype details of the suture.
FIGURE 3 in Podocoryna loyola, n. sp. (Hydrozoa, Hydractiniidae): a probably introduced species on artificial substrate from southern Brazil
FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic hypothesis derived from maximum likelihood analysis based on a fragment of the 16S mitochondrial gene (540 bp). The sequence of the species described here is referred to "Podocoryna loyola Brazil." The numbers above and below the branches support values are obtained per 100 bootstrap replicates.
FIGURE 2 in Podocoryna loyola, n. sp. (Hydrozoa, Hydractiniidae): a probably introduced species on artificial substrate from southern Brazil
FIGURE 2. Diagram showing the main morphometric measurements taken of the hydromedusa and some of its most characteristic structures. Dmax: maximum diameter of the umbrella; Hmax: maximum total height of the umbrella; Dmar: diameter of the umbrella margin; Dape: diameter of the opening to the subumbrellar cavity; Hmes: height of the mesoglea in the apical region; Hman: height of the manubrium; Thmes: thickness of the mesoglea near the edge. (modified from Tronolone 2001).
FIGURE 1 in Podocoryna loyola, n. sp. (Hydrozoa, Hydractiniidae): a probably introduced species on artificial substrate from southern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Baía de Paranaguá and the State of Paraná in Brazil. Location of the Paranaguá Yacht Club inside the Baía de Paranaguá (where Podocoryna loyola n. sp. was found on polyethylene plates).
FIGURE 9. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269 in Contribution to the knowledge of cotylean flatworms (Turbellaria, Polycladida) from Iranian coasts: Introducing a new species, with remarks on new records
FIGURE 9. Tytthosoceros lizardensis, ZUTC platy 1269: (A–D) Haematoxylin-eosin stained sections (A–C) male and female reproductive systems (D) testis and ovaries showing distribution (E) reconstruction of the male and female reproductive systems. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; cma, ciliated male atrium; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ild, intestinal lateral diverticulum; m, mouth; ml, muscular layer; mp, male pore; o, ovaries; ov, oviduct; ph, pharynx; pv, prostatic vesicle; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; ts, testis; ut, uterus.
FIGURE 1 in Contribution to the knowledge of cotylean flatworms (Turbellaria, Polycladida) from Iranian coasts: Introducing a new species, with remarks on new records
FIGURE 1. Map of the Western Indo-Pacific including the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Sampling stations are indicated by numbers (stations 30–35 located at Qeshm Island).
FIGURE 5 in Contribution to the knowledge of cotylean flatworms (Turbellaria, Polycladida) from Iranian coasts: Introducing a new species, with remarks on new records
FIGURE 5. Pseudoceros cf prudhoei. (A) Living specimen (B) Haematoxylin-eosin stained section of the male and part of the female reproduction system. Abbreviations: cg, cement glands; i, intestine; mp, male pore; pv, prostatic vesicle; s, stylet; sv, seminal vesicle.
FIGURE 3 in Contribution to the knowledge of cotylean flatworms (Turbellaria, Polycladida) from Iranian coasts: Introducing a new species, with remarks on new records
FIGURE 3. Maritigrella makranica: (A, B) Haematoxylin-eosin stained sections of ZUTC platy 1273 (A) male and female reproductive systems (B) close up of the male reproductive complex (C) Sagittal reconstruction of the male and female system. Abbreviations: cfa, ciliated female atrium; cg, cement glands; cma, ciliated male atrium; ed, ejaculatory duct; fp, female pore; i, intestine; ml, muscular layer; mp, male pore; ph, pharynx; pp, penis papilla; pv, prostatic vesicle; ov, oviduct; s, stylet;; su, sucker; sv, seminal vesicle; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.