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Figure 6 in In for the kill: novel biosecurity approaches for invasive and medically important mosquito species

Figure 6. Mean (+ SE) proportioned mortality rates of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae following exposure to submersion treatments with Virkon® Aquatic disinfectant at different exposure concentrations and durations (n = 3 per experimental group).

Figure 4 in In for the kill: novel biosecurity approaches for invasive and medically important mosquito species

Figure 4. Mean (+ SE) proportioned hatchability rates of Aedes albopictus following exposure to submersion treatments with (a) 1% and (b) 4% Virkon® Aquatic disinfectant (n = 3 per experimental group).

Figure 2 in In for the kill: novel biosecurity approaches for invasive and medically important mosquito species

Figure 2. Mean (+ SE) proportioned hatchability rates of Culex quinquefasciatus egg rafts following different exposure durations to direct steam jet (n = 3 per experimental group).

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Figure 2 in Getting to a decision: using structured decision-making to gain consensus on approaches to invasive species control

Figure 2. Calculated utility of avoiding fish species at-risk and not at-risk of extirpation in Cultus Lake, BC, across all combinations of smallmouth bass control. Utility is presented on a scale from 0–1.

Figure 3 in In for the kill: novel biosecurity approaches for invasive and medically important mosquito species

Figure 3. Mean (+ SE) proportioned hatchability rates of Aedes albopictus following exposure to spray treatments with 1% (a) and 4% (b) Virkon® Aquatic disinfectant (n = 3 per experimental group).

Figure 1 in In for the kill: novel biosecurity approaches for invasive and medically important mosquito species

Figure 1. Mean (+ SE) proportioned hatchability rates of Aedes albopictus following different exposure durations to direct steam jet (n = 3 per experimental group).

Figure 5 in In for the kill: novel biosecurity approaches for invasive and medically important mosquito species

Figure 5. Mean (+ SE) proportioned mortality rates of larval Aedes albopictus following different exposure durations to direct steam jet (n = 3 per experimental group).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2018View details →

Figure 1 in Integrating landscape simulation models with economic and decision tools for invasive species control

Figure 1. Example state and transition simulation model for an invasive species. Landscape change is captured by defining the processes (transitions) that can move a cell from one state to another. These include both natural transitions (e.g., species dispersal, establishment, growth, fire, disturbance) and management transitions (e.g., inventory, treatment, and other activities related to invasion control). In this example, modified from Jarnevich et al. (2015), each box represents the state of a simulation cell with respect to invasive species cover (uninvaded, <5% cover, 5–50% cover, or> 50% cover; left to right) and detection (undetected or detected; top to bottom). The different color-coded arrows represent different types of transitions including growth (invasion, establishment, spread), detection (failure and success), and management (treatment and maintenance failure and success). Solid lines represent success; dotted lines represent failure.

Figure 11 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 11. (a) Ventral shields of Bispira porifera (stained with methylene blue) and Branchiomma bairdi highlighted red. (b) Opercula of (left to right, respectively) Hydroides heteroceros, H. longispinosus and H. sanctaecrucis; red arrows indicate verticil; outlined arrows indicate verticil spines. All scales in mm.

Figure 8 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 8. (a) Radiolar crowns in (left to right, respectively) Branchiomma bairdi, Spirobranchus kraussii and Euchone variabilis. (b) Radioles of Bispira serrata and Bispira manicata; arrows indicate radiolar eyes. (c) Arrow indicates radiolar flange on Bispira serrata. (d) Radiolar crown of Bispira manicata, consisting of 2 radiolar lobes (arrows). (e) Radiole filaments of Sabellastarte australiensis and Bispira porifera. (f) Single radius highlighted red in Hydroides brachyacanthus and Serpula jukesii. (g) SEM image of rasp-shaped posterior abdominal uncini in Serpula columbiana. (h) Recurved spines in posterior notopodia of Boccardiella bihamata (on left, stained with methyl green) and Polydora uncinata (on right). (i) SEM image of saw-shaped thoracic uncini on Serpula columbiana. All scales in mm.

Figure 9 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 9. (a) Single segments of Branchiomma bairdi (left 2 images) and Polydora haswelli (stained with methyl green) highlighted red. (b) Arrows indicate spinules on opercula of (left to right, respectively) Hydroides elegans, H. heteroceros and H. tambalagamensis. (c) Spirobranchus- type collar chaetae from Spirobranchus tetraceros (stained with methyl green). (d) Radioles of Branchiomma galei and Branchiomma bairdi; arrows indicate stylodes (palmate in B. galei and simple in B. bairdi). (e) Arrow indicates thoracic membrane of Spirobranchus cariniferus, stained with methylene blue. (f) Thorax regions (highlighted red) of (left to right, respectively) Bispira manicata, Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue) and Branchiomma bairdi. (g) Arrow indicates tonguelet of Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue), partially covered by collar. All scales in mm.

Figure 10 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 10. (a) Tori of Branchiomma bairdi and Sabella spallanzanii highlighted red. (b) Triangular depression in Spirobranchus tetraceros (stained with methylene blue) highlighted red. (c) SEM image of true trumpet-shaped chaetae of Spirobranchus giganteus. (d) Tubes of (left to right, respectively) Spirobranchus taeniatus, Bispira serrata and Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata: calcareous in Serpulidae (S. taeniatus) and muddy in Sabellidae (B. serrata) and Spionidae (P. paucibranchiata). (e) Uncini of (left to right, respectively) Branchiomma bairdi, Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue), and close-up in Bispira manicata (stained with methyl green). (f) Arrow indicates ventral lip in live specimen of Branchiomma arctica (photo: © Alexander Semenov). (g) Collar region of Bispira serrata and Sabella spallanzanii; arrows indicate ventral sacs. All scales in mm.

Figure 7 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 7. (a) Operculum of Spirobranchus minutus (above) and Spirobranchus kraussii (below); arrows indicate opercular endplate. (b) Paleate collar chaetae of Laonome triangularis. (c) Arrows indicate palps of Polydora haswelli (stained with methyl green) and Boccardia proboscidea (live specimen). (d) Parapodia highlighted red in (left to right, respectively) Sabellastarte australiensis, Boccardiella bihamata (stained with methyl green) and Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue). (e) Arrows indicate peduncle of Hydroides norvegicus (stained with methylene blue) and Spirobranchus cariniferus. (f) Tubes of Ficopomatus enigmaticus and Ficopomatus uschakovi; arrows indicate peristomes. (g) Collar region/base of radiolar crown in Myxicola infundibulum stained with methylene blue; peristomium highlighted red. (h) Radioles of Bispira serrata and Bispira porifera; arrows indicate individual pinnules. (i) Anterior end of Hydroides norvegicus (stained with methylene blue); arrow indicates pseudoperculum. (j) Arrows indicate pygidium of Bispira serrata and Boccardia polybranchia (stained with methyl green). All scales in mm.

Figure 5 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 5. (a) Arrows indicate hood on collar chaetae of Laonome triangularis (left 2 images), Laonome calida and thoracic chaetae of Crucigera websteri (SEM image). (b) Arrow indicates hood in neuropodial hooks of Polydora uncinata. (c) Hooks in posterior neuropodia of Polydora uncinata. (d) Radioles proximally connected by inter-radiolar membranes (arrows) in Sabella spallanzanii and Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue). (e) Inter-ramal eyes (arrows) located between notopodia and neuropodia of Branchiomma galei and Branchiomma bairdi. (f) Calcareous tubes of Spirobranchus cariniferus (left) and Spirobranchus kraussii (right); arrows indicate keels on tube. (g) Falcate spines in notopodia of chaetiger 5 of Polydora uncinata; arrow indicates lateral flange. (h) Lobate condition in collars of (left to right, respectively) Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue), Sabella spallanzanii and pygidium of Polydora ciliata (stained with methyl green). Lobes highlighted red. All scales in mm.

Figure 6 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 6. (a) Thoracic uncini of Desdemona aniara (above, SEM image) and Laonome triangularis (below); arrows indicate main fangs. (b) A pair of dorsal horns (indicated by arrow) on chaetiger 2 of a male of Pygospio elegans. (c) Narrowly hooded thoracic chaetae of Sabellastarte australiensis. (d) Thoracic neuropodia highlighted red on (left to right, respectively) Branchiomma bairdi, Bispira manicata, Boccardiella bihamata (stained with methyl green) and Boccardia proboscidea (stained with methyl green); arrows indicate neurochaetae. (e) Thoracic notopodia highlighted red on (left to right, respectively) Branchiomma bairdi, Bispira manicata, Boccardiella bihamata (stained with methyl green) and Boccardia proboscidea (stained with methyl green); arrows indicate notochaetae. (f) SEM image of dorsal anterior end of Polydora cornuta. Red arrows indicate a pair of nuchal organs; outlined arrow indicates occipital antenna. (g) Arrows indicate opercula of (left to right, respectively) Hydroides norvegicus (stained with methylene blue), Ficopomatus enigmaticus and Spirobranchus tetraceros. All scales in mm.

Figure 4 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 4. (a) Dorsal/ventral sides illustrated on examples of (left to right, respectively) Serpulidae (Spirobranchus tetraceros), Sabellidae (Bispira manicata) and Spionidae (Polydora haswelli, stained with methyl green). (b) Arrows indicating paired dorsal radiolar appendages, fused to dorsal lips, in (left to right, respectively) Sabella spallanzanii, Bispira porifera and Bispira manicata. (c) Falcate spines in notochaetae on chaetiger 5 of Polydora uncinata. (d) Anterior regions of Branchiomma bairdi (dorsal view) and Laonome calida (ventral view, stained with methylene blue); arrows indicate faecal grooves. (e) Faecal groove inversion in Branchiomma bairdi: faecal groove runs ventrally in abdomen and dorsally in thorax. (f) SEM image of flat trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae in Serpula columbiana. (g) Arrows indicate opercula funnels in Hydroides malleolaspinus and Hydroides tuberculatus. (h) Arrow indicates glandular girdle on chaetiger 2 of Euchone variabilis, stained with methylene blue. (i) Arrows indicate handles of acicular thoracic uncini in Euchone limnicola (left) and avicular thoracic uncini in Bispira manicata (right, stained with methyl green). All scales in mm.

Figure 3 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 3. (a) Cirriform pygidium of Pygospio elegans, stained with methyl green; arrow points to a cirrus. (b) Companion chaetae (arrows) as parallel row anterior to thoracic uncini in Sabella spallanzanii (left) and Bispira manicata (right, stained with methylene blue). (c) Arrows point to collar flaps in Laonome calida (left) and Spirobranchus cariniferus (right), both stained with methylene blue. (d) Collar/thoracic regions of Laonome triangularis (left, stained with methylene blue) and Ficopomatus enigmaticus (right); arrows point to collar chaetae. (e) Collar segments indicated by different arrows in (left to right, respectively) Branchiomma galei, Laonome triangularis (stained with methylene blue) and Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue). (f) Constrictions, indicated by arrows, occurring below funnels in opercula of Hydroides malleolaspinus and Hydroides minax. (g) Constriction, indicated by arrow, in upper shaft of neuropodial hooks of Polydora uncinata. (h) Opercula of Spirobranchus polytrema, S. cariniferus and S. tetraceros (left to right, respectively); arrows indicate distal wings. All scales in mm.

Figure 1 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 1. (a) Bispira manicata with abdomen region highlighted red. (b) Posterior notopodia of Boccardiella bihamata stained with methyl green; arrow points to acicular spine. (c) Acicular thoracic uncini of Euchone limnicola. (d) Ventral anal depression in Euchone variabilis (left, stained with methylene blue) with lateral flanges, and in Euchone limnicola, without flanges. (e) Collar region/base of radiolar crown in Myxicola infundibulum stained with methylene blue; anterior peristomial ring highlighted red. (f) Lateral view of Spirobranchus tetraceros (left) and ventral view of Spirobranchus kraussii (right), both stained with methylene blue; arrows point to apron. (g) Z-shaped avicular thoracic uncini of Laonome triangularis (above) and Bispira manicata (below, stained with methyl green). (h) Bayonet collar chaetae in Serpula jukesi, stained with methyl green. (i) Bayonet thoracic chaetae in Jasmineira sp. (j) Arrows point to branchiae in Boccardia chilensis (left and right specimens stained with methylene blue and methyl green, respectively). All scales in mm.

Figure 2 in A graphically illustrated glossary of polychaete terminology: invasive species of Sabellidae, Serpulidae and Spionidae

Figure 2. (a) Thoracic uncini of Bispira manicata, stained with methyl green; arrow points to breast of uncinus. (b) Broadly hooded thoracic chaetae of Euchone limnicola and collar chaetae of Laonome calida. (c) Capillary chaetae from collar of Spirobranchus taeniatus (on left, stained with methyl green) and chaetiger 1 of Boccardia proboscidea (on right). (d) Dorsal view of anterior ends of Polydora haswelli (on left, stained with methyl green) and Boccardia proboscidea (on right); arrows point to caruncle. (e) Arrows point to thoracic chaetae of (left to right, respectively) Bispira porifera, Boccardiella bihamata (stained with methyl green) and Spirobranchus cariniferus (stained with methylene blue). (f) Arrows demonstrate chaetal inversion in Branchiomma bairdi (left) and Spirobranchus cariniferus (right). (g) Lateral views of thoracic regions of Bispira porifera (left) and Polydora haswelli (right, stained with methyl green); each bracket indicates 1 chaetiger. All scales in mm.