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139 results for “island radiation”
Wallacean and Melanesian islands promote higher rates of diversification within the global passerine radiation Corvides: Supplementary information
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The complex island archipelagoes of Wallacea and Melanesia have provided empirical data behind integral theories in evolutionary biology, including allopatric speciation and island biogeography. Yet, questions regarding the relative impact of the layered biogeographic barriers, such as deep-water trenches and isolated island systems, on faunal diversification remain underexplored. One such barrier is Wallace's Line, a significant biogeographic boundary that largely separates Australian and Asian biodiversity. To assess the relative roles of biogeographic barriers—specifically isolated island systems and Wallace's Line—we investigated the tempo and mode of diversification in a diverse avian radiation, Corvides (Crows and Jays, Birds-of-paradise, Vangas, and allies). We combined a genus-level dataset of thousands of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and a species-level, 12-gene Sanger sequence matrix to produce a well-resolved supermatrix tree that we leveraged to explore the group's historical biogeography and effects of biogeographic barriers on their macroevolutionary dynamics. The tree is well-resolved and differs substantially from what has been used extensively for past comparative analyses within this group. We confirmed that Corvides, and its major constituent clades, arose in Australia and a burst of dispersal west across Wallace's Line occurred after the uplift of Wallacea during the mid-Miocene. We found that dispersal across this biogeographic barrier were generally rare, though westward dispersals were two times more frequent than eastward dispersals. Wallacea's central position between Sundaland and Sahul no doubt acted as a bridge for island-hopping dispersal out of Australia, across Wallace's Line, to colonize the rest of Earth. In addition, we found that the complex island archipelagos east of Wallace's Line harbor the highest rates of net diversification and are a substantial source of colonists to continental systems on both sides of this biogeographic barrier. Our results support emerging evidence that island systems, particularly the geologically complex archipelagoes of the Indo-pacific, are drivers of species diversification.<br></span></p>
Data from: Adaptive radiation of the Callicarpa genus in the Bonin Islands revealed through double-digest restriction site–associated DNA sequencing analysis
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The non-dereliction in evolution: Trophic specialisation drives convergence in the radiation of red devil spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae) in the Canary Islands
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Radiation of tropical island bees and the role of phylogenetic niche conservatism as an important driver of biodiversity
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Wallacean and Melanesian islands promote higher rates of diversification within the global passerine radiation Corvides: Supplementary information
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Delayed adaptive radiation among New Zealand stream fishes: joint estimation of divergence time and trait evolution in a newly delineated island species flock
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Data from: RADseq resolves the Hawaiian Island radiation of Myrsine L. (Primulaceae) and provides evidence for hybridization
The Hawaiian radiation of Myrsine (primrose family, Primulaceae) is the only one of the ten most species Hawaiian plant lineages that has never been included in a phylogenetic analysis. Our study is based on a RADseq dataset of nearly all Hawaiian Myrsine species and a Sanger sequencing dataset based on a worldwide sampling of Myrsine and related genera. Myrsine as a whole might be paraphyletic with respect to the monotypic Macaronesian genera Heberdenia and Pleiomeris, while Hawaiian Myrsine is resolved as monophyletic. Hawaiian Myrsine consists of three main lineages of which one contains the majority of species and is mainly confined to Kauaʻi, while the other two lineages primarily consist of few widespread species. While phylogenetic reconstructions delivered fully resolved and supported tree topologies, Quartet Sampling and HyDe analyses reveal phylogenetic incongruence throughout the phylogeny and provide the first molecular evidence of extensive hybridization in the lineage.
Data from: Phylogeny of the island archipelago frog genus Sanguirana: another endemic Philippine radiation that diversified 'Out-of-Palawan'
Recent higher-level frog phylogenetic analyses have included a few members of the endemic Philippine frog genus Sanguirana. Although the monophyly of the group has never been disputed, the recent phylogenetically-supported inclusion of the Palawan Wood Frog (Sanguirana sanguinea) in this clade was highly unexpected. In addition, species boundaries and relationships remain unclear and new species continue to be discovered. We estimate the phylogeny for this endemic Philippine genus using two mitochondrial gene regions and six nuclear loci and complete sampling for all known species. We use a time-calibrated Bayesian estimate of phylogeny and model-testing approach to biogeographic inference to infer ancestral areas and probable means of diversification. These analyses identify Sanguirana as an additional clade for which the biogeographic 'Out-of-Palawan' biogeographic scenario is unambiguously preferred. This study lends additional support to recent work suggesting that a substantial portion of Philippine vertebrate megadiversity originated via colonization of the archipelago from the Palawan microcontinent, with subsequent invasion of oceanic islands (e.g., range expansion over Huxley's Modification of Wallace's Line), numerous instances of overwater dispersal, and geographic radiation across the archipelago.
Data from: Colonize, radiate, decline: unraveling the dynamics of island community assembly with Fijian trap-jaw ants
<p>The study of island community assembly has been fertile ground for developing and testing theoretical ideas in ecology and evolution. The eco-evolutionary trajectory of lineages after colonization has been a particular interest, as this is a key component of understanding community assembly. In this system, existing ideas such as the taxon cycle posit that lineages pass through a regular sequence of eco-evolutionary changes after colonization, with lineages shifting toward reduced dispersal ability, increased ecological specialization, and declines in abundance. However, these predictions have historically been difficult to test. Here, we integrate phylogenomics, population genomics, and x-ray microtomography/3D morphometrics, to test hypotheses for whether the ecomorphological diversity of trap-jaw ants (<i>Strumigenys</i>) in the Fijian archipelago is assembled primarily through colonization or post-colonization radiation, and whether species show ecological shifts toward niche specialization, toward upland habitats, and decline in abundance after colonization. We infer that most Fijian endemic <i>Strumigenys</i> evolved <i>in situ</i> from a single colonization and have diversified to fill a large fraction of global morphospace occupied by the genus. Within this adaptive radiation, lineages trend to different degrees toward high elevation, reduced dispersal ability, and demographic decline, and we find no evidence of repeated colonization that displaces the initial radiation. Overall these results are only partially consistent with taxon cycle and associated ideas, while highlighting the potential role of priority effects in assembling island communities.</p>
Data from: Island woodiness underpins accelerated disparification in plant radiations
The evolution of secondary (insular) woodiness and the rapid disparification of plant growth forms associated with island radiations show intriguing parallels between oceanic islands and tropical alpine sky islands. However, the evolutionary significance of these phenomena remains poorly understood and the focus of debate. We explore the evolutionary dynamics of species diversification and trait disparification across evolutionary radiations in contrasting island systems compared to their non‐island relatives. We estimate rates of species diversification, growth form evolution, and phenotypic space saturation for the classical oceanic island plant radiations – the Hawaiian silverswords and Macaronesian Echium ‐ and the well‐studied sky island radiations of Lupinus and Hypericum in the Andes. We show that secondary woodiness is associated with dispersal to islands and with accelerated rates of species diversification, accelerated disparification of plant growth forms, and occupancy of greater phenotypic trait space for island clades than their non‐island relatives, on both oceanic and sky islands. We conclude that secondary woodiness is a prerequisite that may act as a key innovation, manifest as the potential to occupy greater trait space, for plant radiations on island systems in general, further emphasizing the importance of combinations of clade‐specific traits and ecological opportunities in driving adaptive radiations.
Data from: Hybridization and barriers to gene flow in an island bird radiation
While reinforcement may play a role in all major modes of speciation, relatively little is known about the timescale over which species hybridize without evolving complete reproductive isolation. Birds have high potential for hybridization, and islands provide simple settings for uncovering speciation and hybridization patterns. Here we develop a phylogenetic hypothesis for a phenotypically-diverse radiation of finch-like weaver-birds (Foudia) endemic to the western Indian Ocean islands. We find that unlike Darwin's finches, each island-endemic Foudia population is a monophyletic entity for which speciation can be considered complete. In explaining the only exceptions – mismatches between taxonomy, mitochondrial and nuclear data – phylogenetic and coalescent methods support introgressive hybridization rather than incomplete lineage sorting. Human introductions of known timing of one island-endemic species, to all surrounding archipelagos provide two fortuitous experiments; (1) population sampling at known times in recent evolutionary history, (2) bringing allopatric lineages of an island radiation into secondary contact. Our results put a minimum time bound on introgression (235 years), and support hybridization between species in natural close contact (parapatry), but not between those in natural allopatry brought into contact by human introduction. Time in allopatry, rather than in sympatry, appears key in the reproductive isolation of Foudia species.
Data from: Molecular characterisation of trophic ecology within an island radiation of insect herbivores (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Cratopus).
The phytophagous beetle family Curculionidae is the most species-rich insect family known, with much of this diversity having been attributed to both co-evolution with food plants and host-shifts at key points within the early evolutionary history of the group. Less well understood is the extent to which patterns of host use vary within or among related species, largely because of the technical difficulties associated with quantifying this. Here we develop a recently characterised molecular approach to quantify diet within and between two closely related species of weevil occurring primarily within dry forests on the island of Mauritius. Our aim is to quantify dietary variation across populations and assess adaptive and non-adaptive explanations for this, and to characterise the nature of a trophic shift within an ecologically distinct population within one of the species. We find that our study species are polyphagous, consuming a much wider range of plants than would be suggested by the literature. Our data suggest that local diet variation is largely explained by food availability, and locally specialist populations consume food plants that are not phylogenetically novel, but do appear to represent a novel preference. Our results demonstrate the power of molecular methods to unambiguously quantify dietary variation across populations of insect herbivores, providing a valuable approach to understanding trophic interactions within and among local plant and insect herbivore communities.
Data from: Miocene dispersal drives island radiations in the palm tribe Trachycarpeae (Arecaceae)
The study of three island groups of the palm tribe Trachycarpeae (Arecaceae/Palmae) permits both the analysis of each independent radiation and comparisons across the tribe to address general processes that drive island diversification. Phylogenetic relationships of Trachycarpeae were inferred from three plastid and three low-copy nuclear genes. The incongruent topological position of Brahea in CISP5 was hypothesized to be caused by duplication event and was addressed using uninode coding. The resulting phylogenetic trees were well-resolved and the genera were all highly-supported except for Johannesteijsmannia and Serenoa. Divergence time analysis estimated the stem of the tribe to be ca. 86 Ma ca. and the crown to be 38 Ma, indicating that significant extinction may have occurred along this branch. Historical biogeographic analysis suggested that Trachycarpeae are of southern North American, Central American, or Caribbean origin and supports previous hypotheses of a Laurasian origin. The biogeography and disjunctions within the tribe were interpreted with respect to divergence times, the fossil record, and geological factors such as the formation of the Greater Antilles - Aves Ridge, the Bering, and the North Atlantic land bridges, tectonic movement in Southeast Asia, climatic shifts between the Eocene and Pliocene, and volcanism in the Pacific basin. In considering the three major island radiations within Trachycarpeae, Miocene dispersal appears to have been the driving force in allopatric speciation and is highlighted here as an emerging pattern across the tree of life.
ACCESS-AM2 daily and hourly cloud and radiation data for model evaluation at Macquarie Island
<p>The ACCESS-AM2 (Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator - Atmospheric Model Version 2) daily and hourly data used for the study described in Pei et al. (2023), accepted in <i>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP),</i> 'Assessing the cloud radiative bias at Macquarie Island in the ACCESS-AM2 model<i>' .</i> </p><p>Included files: </p><ul><li>ACCESS_AM2_daily.zip - daily model outputs from 2016-04 to 2018-03</li><li>ACCESS_AM2_hourly.zip - hourly model outputs from 2017-09 to 2018-02</li></ul><p>The code that performs the analysis/generates this data can be found here: https://github.com/ZhangchengPei/codes-for-MI-paper</p>
Fig. 1 in The hills are alive with geckos! A radiation of a dozen species on sky islands across peninsular India (Squamata: Gekkonidae, Hemiphyllodactylus) with the description of three new species
Fig. 1 Distribution of Hemiphyllodactylus in peninsular India, and inset, timetree for Indian Hemiphyllodactylus with 95% HPD indicated by bars at nodes. Lines on the map indicate localities sampled in this study, '?' indicates unsampled published records (from Sanyal et al. 1993; Daniels 1994; Daniels and Kumar 1998; Javed et al. 2010; Ganesh and Arumugam 2016), major east-flowing rivers marked in blue. Mountain ranges are marked by two capital letters, AG, Agasthyamalai; AN,
Data from: Exceptional convergence on the macroevolutionary landscape in island lizard radiations
G. G. Simpson, one of the chief architects of evolutionary biology's modern synthesis, proposed that diversification occurs on a macroevolutionary adaptive landscape, but landscape models are seldom used to study adaptive divergence in large radiations. We show that for Caribbean Anolis lizards, diversification on similar Simpsonian landscapes leads to striking convergence of entire faunas on four islands. Parallel radiations unfolding at large temporal scales shed light on the process of adaptive diversification, indicating that the adaptive landscape may give rise to predictable evolutionary patterns in nature, that adaptive peaks may be stable over macroevolutionary time, and that available geographic area influences the ability of lineages to discover new adaptive peaks.
Figure 25 in Dissecting an island radiation: systematic revision of endemic land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Microcystidae)
Figure 25. Reproductive system of Innesoconcha rosacea. A, AM C.589618, Mount Eliza (clade X), reproductive system. B, C, AM C.583120, Mount Lidgbird (clade X). B, penis with tunica removed. C, penis interior. D, E, AM C.583117, Dinner Run Creek (clade Y). D, penis with tunica removed. E, penis interior. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 22 in Dissecting an island radiation: systematic revision of endemic land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Microcystidae)
Figure 22. Radulae. Column one shows central tooth and adjacent laterals, column two shows the transition between lateral and marginal teeth, and column three shows the outer marginal teeth. A–C, Innesoconcha prensa, AM C.91378, Mount Gower. D–F, Innesoconcha princeps, AM C.91377, Mount Gower. G–I, Innesoconcha rosacea, AM C.391700, Old Settlement Beach. Scale bars: 20 µm (A–F); 10 µm (G–I).
Figure 26 in Dissecting an island radiation: systematic revision of endemic land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Microcystidae)
Figure 26. Map showing the known range of Innesoconcha rosacea, based on collections data of the Australian Museum. A, historical collection data, showing how recorded distribution has changed over time. B, sequenced specimens, showing the distribution of clade X and clade Y from the phylogenetic tree.
Figure 19 in Dissecting an island radiation: systematic revision of endemic land snails on Lord Howe Island (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Microcystidae)
Figure 19. Map showing the known range of Innesoconcha flaƲescens, based on collections data from the Australian Museum. No specimens were collected in the period 1931–1960.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.