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443 results for “kangaroo”
Data from: Does urbanization ameliorate the effect of endoparasite infection in kangaroo rats?
<p>Urban development can fragment and degrade remnant habitat. Such habitat alterations can have profound impacts on wildlife, including effects on population density, parasite infection status, parasite prevalence, and body condition. We investigated the influence of urbanization on populations of Merriam's kangaroo rat (<i>Dipodomys merriami</i>) and their parasites. We predicted that urban development would lead to reduced abundance, increased parasite prevalence in urban populations, increased probability of parasite infection for individual animals, and decreased body condition of kangaroo rats in urban versus wildland areas. We live trapped kangaroo rats at 5 urban and 5 wildland sites in and around Las Cruces, NM, USA from 2013-2015, collected fecal samples from 209 kangaroo rats, and detected endoparasites using fecal flotation and molecular barcoding. Seven parasite species were detected, although only two, parasitic worms <i>Mastophorus dipodomis</i> and <i>Pterygodermatites dipodomis</i>, occurred frequently enough to allow for statistical analysis. We found no effects of urbanization on population density or probability of parasite infection. However, wildland animals infected with <i>P. dipodomis</i> had lower body condition scores than infected animals in urban areas or uninfected animals in either habitat. Our results suggest that urban environments may buffer Merriam's kangaroo rats from the detrimental impacts to body condition that <i>P. dipodomis</i> infections can cause. </p>
Kangaroo fathers modulate maternal control of offspring sex but not post-partum maternal expenditure
<p>When sons and daughters have different fitness costs and benefits, selection may favor deviations from an even offspring sex ratio. Most theories on sex ratio manipulation focus on maternal strategies and sex-biased maternal allocation. Recent studies report paternal influences on both offspring sex ratio and post-partum sex-biased maternal allocation. We used long-term data on marked kangaroos to investigate if and how paternal mass and skeletal size, both determinants of male reproductive success, influenced (a) offspring sex in interaction with maternal mass, and (b) post-partum sex-biased maternal allocation. When mothers were light, the probability of having a son increased with paternal mass. Heavy mothers showed the opposite trend. A similar result emerged when considering paternal size instead of mass. Post-partum maternal sex-specific allocation was independent of paternal mass or size. Studies of offspring sex manipulation or maternal allocation would benefit from an explicit consideration of paternal traits, as paternal and maternal effects can modulated each other.</p>
kangaroo bottom right jaw
Skullbook is a collaborative project between the School of Archaeology and Anthropology and the Centre for Digital Humanities Research at ANU. This project engages traditional analyses with new technologies. This project will improve access to teaching resources for key skills-based teaching in archaeology, and offer important hands-on training in digital humanities. The digital bone library is a resource for students, educators, museums, and researchers in both Australia and worldwide. Made by [Renee Dixson](https://twitter.com/Renee_Dixson), [Skullbook - Digital Bone Library](http://cdhr.cass.anu.edu.au/research/projects/skullbook-digital-bone-library) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
The burden of size and growth for the juveniles of large mammalian herbivores: structural and functional constraints in the feeding biology of juveniles relative to adults in red kangaroos, Osphranter rufus
<p>Juvenile mammals in their post weaning developmental stages face many challenges in transitioning to adulthood. Among large grazing species such as ruminant bovids and cervids an overarching challenge is acquiring and processing sufficient nutrients to survive and grow, with a gut that may not yet be fully developed. Marsupial kangaroos of Australia face similar challenges; they also digest vegetation by fermentation in a large foregut. In red kangaroos, Osphranter rufus (= Macropus rufus), the dominant species of Australia's arid interior, females may breed continuously; however, juvenile recruitment to the adult population is irregular and coincident with sporadic rainfall. As compared with adult females the nutritional requirements of juvenile O. rufus are high in relation to their body mass (BM), largely due to the cost of their rapid growth. We examined processes that juveniles have in their morphology, physiology and behaviours to meet their elevated nutritional needs, by comparing recently weaned juveniles of both sexes and adult female O. rufus in their desert habitat. Features studied include relative body sizes, relative dimensions and capacities of principal gut regions, the foregut, small intestine, caecum and large intestine with rectum. Also examined were digesta attributes and rates of digesta excretion. Additionally, the rates of change in skull parameters and dental characteristics to maturity were assessed. Field determinations of diet choice were made for both age classes. In juveniles the content masses of major gut structures were related to body mass (BM), as were those of adult females, i. e. ~BM1.0. In both age classes the digesta mass of the foreguts exceeded 75 % of the total digesta mass. Diets of both juvenile and adult O. rufus largely focused on grasses. Juveniles had higher rates of digesta excretion while foraging than adults. In addition, the foregut contents in juveniles occupies proportionally less of the total gut than in adult females. Together, the higher excretion rate and smaller relative foregut of juveniles suggests that they necessarily focus on forage that can be rapidly digested, such as young, green grasses or herbage. Comparison of the skulls of juveniles and adults revealed how this harvest can occur. Relative to BM juveniles had skulls of larger volume than adults. Additionally, during growth the skull lengthens proportionally faster than increasing. By weaning the dimensions of the incisor bite of juveniles neared those of adult females. The area of wear on premolars/molars increased only slowly relative to the development of incisors, further pointing to juveniles selecting more digestible forage than adults. The intermittent availability of such forage, principally young grasses, appears key to the significant recruitment into the O. rufus population in their arid habitat.</p>
Data from: Comparison between the kinematics for kangaroo rat hopping on a solid versus sand surface
<p>In their natural habitats, animals move on a variety of substrates, ranging from solid surfaces to those that yield and flow (<i>e.g.</i>, sand). These substrates impose different mechanical demands on the musculoskeletal system and may therefore elicit different locomotion patterns. The goal of this study is to compare bipedal hopping by desert kangaroo rats (<i>Dipodomys deserti)</i> on a solid versus granular substrate under speed-controlled conditions. To accomplish this goal, we developed a rotary treadmill, which is able to have different substrates or uneven surfaces. We video recorded six kangaroo rats hopping on a solid surface versus sand at the same speed (1.8 m/s) and quantified the differences in the hopping kinematics between the two substrates. W<span>e found</span> no significant differences in the hop period, hop length, or duty cycle, showing that the gross kinematics on the two substrates were similar. This similarity was surprising given that sand is a substrate that absorbs mechanical energy. Measurements of the penetration resistance of the sand showed that the combination of the sand properties, toeprint area, and kangaroo rat weight was likely the reason for the similarity.</p>
Wild kangaroos become more social when caring for young and may maintain long-term affiliations with popular individuals
<p>Kangaroos are an iconic group of Australian fauna. Despite considerable research on kangaroo behaviour, key gaps remain in our understanding of their social organization in the wild. In particular, it remains largely unknown whether kangaroos form long-term social bonds and what factors might prompt individuals to associate or dissociate from one another. Over 6 years, we monitored the social affiliations of individually identified eastern grey kangaroos, Macropus giganteus, in a large wild population. We investigated the short-term and long-term relationships of kangaroos and the extent those relationships varied with age, sex and reproductive state. We found evidence that long-term relationships among eastern grey kangaroos are possible, especially between adult females. Those individuals that were more sociable within years were also more likely to establish affiliations across years. Contrary to previous studies, we observed females actively associating with other mothers in the years in which they had young. These data suggest that the fission-fusion dynamics of eastern grey kangaroo social behaviour allow females to modulate their social position with conspecifics according to their current reproductive state. We highlight the adaptive implications of the formation of long-term bonds and the changes in social behaviour observed in females.</p>
Kangaroo Mother Care Before Stabilisation Amongst Low Birth Weight Neonates in Africa
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02811432. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Kangaroo Mother Care to Prevent Hypothermia in Term Infants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02189759. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Early Kangaroo Mother Care in Gambian Hospitalised Unstable Neonates
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03555981. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Assessing physiological, behavioral and movement responses to Suprelorin® implant delivery methods in free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus)
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Wild kangaroos become more social when caring for young and may maintain long-term affiliations with popular individuals
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Data from: Siring success in kangaroos: size matters for those in the right place at the right time
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The burden of size and growth for the juveniles of large mammalian herbivores: structural and functional constraints in the feeding biology of juveniles relative to adults in red kangaroos, Osphranter rufus
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Kangaroo fathers modulate maternal control of offspring sex but not post-partum maternal expenditure
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Higher sociability leads to lower reproductive success in female kangaroos
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Data from: Does urbanization ameliorate the effect of endoparasite infection in kangaroo rats?
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Determinants of offspring sex in kangaroos: a test of multiple hypotheses
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Forelimb morphology as an adaptation for burrowing in kangaroo rat species (genus Dipodomys) that inhabit different soil substrates
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Data from: Comparison between the kinematics for kangaroo rat hopping on a solid versus sand surface
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Data from: A high-quality genome assembly for a desert-adapted rodent, Merriam’s kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami)
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.