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212 results for “landscape change”
Data from: Changes of Chinese forest-grassland ecotone in geographical scope and landscape structure from 1990 to 2020
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Data from: Rapid within- and transgenerational changes in thermal tolerance and fitness in variable thermal landscapes
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Effects of global change on bird and beetle populations in boreal forest landscape: an assemblage dissimilarity analysis
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Data for isolation-by-environment and its consequences for range shifts with global change: Landscape genomics of the invasive common tansy
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Supplementary material: Mammal diversity responses to anthropic, environmental, and seasonal changes within Caatinga seasonal dry forest landscapes
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Joint species distribution modeling reveals a changing prey landscape for North Pacific right whales on the Bering shelf
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Data from: Vulnerability of a small population of an arboreal mammal to landscape change associated with a new motorway and drought
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Data from: Solar energy-driven land cover change could alter landscapes critical to animal movement in the continental United States
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Data from: Landscape complexity promotes resilience of biological pest control to climate change
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Data from: Climate change, wildfire, and vegetation shifts in a high-inertia forest landscape: Western Washington, U.S.A.
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Data from: Urban landscapes can change virus gene flow and evolution in a fragmentation-sensitive carnivore
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Data from: Demographic rate directional change and its determinants reveal how plant species win in a patchy landscape with frequent droughts
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Data from: Patterns and drivers of recent land cover change on two trailing-edge forest landscapes
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McMurdo Dry Valleys Biological responses to landscape change in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
The McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, are experiencing rapid landscape scale change including increased glacial melt, the expansion of water tracks, thermokarst formation, an increase in the extent of the soil active layer, lake level rise, and altered stream flow. The impacts of these changes for biological communities are currently unknown. The goal of this study was to conduct surveys and experiments in three Dry Valley soil habitats that are expected to undergo change: water tracks, lake margins, and active layer profiles. Specifically, samples were collected from: 1) transects spanning dry-wet-dry soils in two water tracks in different lake basins, including three transects from each of three reaches for each water track, 2) experiments in which water and varying levels of salt were added to dry soils immediately adjacent to water tracks, 3) transects in lake margin soils in two different lake basins, including four transects perpendicular to each lake that span wet-to-dry soils, 4) experiments in which sterilized and non-sterilized lake water were added to dry soils adjacent to lakes, 5) the soil active layer from a total of eight soil pits in two different lake basins that were sampled at 5cm increments of depth, from the surface to 30cm or the permafrost, whichever was encountered first, and 6) experiments in which soils from the bottom of the soil active layer were moved to the upper layer and vice versa. Bacterial communities were sequenced for each sample and edaphic characteristics were measured for a subset of samples.
Landscape change data layer for the Virginia Coast Reserve, 1973-2001
This layer contains a change analysis from 1973 to 2001 based on analysis of satellite imagery. A NALC image from 1973 with 60-m resolution was classified using unsupervised classification into 100 classes. These classes were subsequently recoded into 5 classes (Woody, Herbaceous, Bare, Marsh and Water) based on comparisions with maps and aerial photos. The same procedure was followed for a 2001 ETM+ image that had been resampled to 15-m resolution. The recoded layers were converted to vector shapefiles and intersected to create this data layer. Subsequently, codes were added to recode the polygons into and to 3 classes (upland, marsh, water) and the area and perimeter of each polygon was calculated. Layer was later renamed (in 2013) from "vbi1970_2001c5_Intersect_N83" to "VBI_LUC_1973_2001_NAD83" to avoid temporal confusion and remove ESRI auto-naming appendage. FGDC Metadata: Identification Information: Citation: Citation information: Originators: John H. Porter Title: Change data layer for the Virginia Coast Reserve, 1973-2001 - VCR05133 *File or table name: vbi1970_2001c5_Intersect_N83 Publication date: 12/22/2005 *Geospatial data presentation form: vector digital data *Online linkage: \\MAP1\d\jhp7e\vbi1970_2001c5_Intersect_N83.shp Description: Abstract: This layer contains a change analysis from 1973 to 2001 based on analysis of satellite imagery. A NALC image from 1973 with 60-m resolution was classified using unsupervised classification into 100 classes. These classes were subsequently recoded into 5 classes (Woody, Herbaceous, Bare, Marsh and Water) based on comparisions with maps and aerial photos. The same procedure was followed for a 2001 ETM+ image that had been resampled to 15-m resolution. The recoded layers were converted to vector shapefiles and intersected to create this data layer. Subsequently, codes were added to recode the polygons into and to 3 classes (upland, marsh, water) and the area and perimeter of each polygon was calculated. Purpose:
Elevation and landscape change drive the distribution of a montane, endemic grassland bird
<p>This dataset documents the presence and abundance of the Nilgiri pipit (<em>Anthus nilghiriensis</em>) in 170 survey sites across most of its global range. Between one and four surveys were carried out at each site between November 2017 and May 2018 by experienced observers. Survey duration was proportional to site area. A wide range of habitat characteristics were also surveyed, and additional habitat characteristics for each site were gathered from remotely sensed data. </p>
Data from: Following the water? landscape-scale temporal changes in bat spatial distribution in relation to Mediterranean summer drought
Understanding how the spatial distribution of ecological resources shape species' diversity and abundance in human-modified landscapes is a central theme in conservation biology. However, studies often disregard that such patterns may vary over time, thereby potentially missing critical environmental constraints to species persistence. This may be particularly important in highly mobile species such as bats, which are able to track temporal variations in spatial resource distribution. Here we test the hypothesis that bats in Mediterranean landscapes are strongly affected by the progressive reduction in water availability during the seasonal summer drought. We analysed the effects of landscape composition and structure on bat diversity and activity, during Pregnancy, Lactation and Post-lactation periods, and identified the most influential variables within and across periods. Water bodies showed the strongest positive effect on bats, followed by riparian habitats and areas with steeper (>30%) slopes. However, while during Pregnancy there were only small landscape effects, these increased during Lactation and Post-lactation, highlighting a progressively stronger association with water habitats during the summer drought. The spatial projection of habitat models showed that the landscape distribution of bat diversity and activity hotspots changed markedly over time. During Pregnancy the spatial pattern of hotspot distribution was weakly defined, while during Lactation and particularly Post-lactation there was a concentration of hotspots along permanently flowing watercourses. Our study highlights that permanently flowing watercourses are critical for bat conservation in Mediterranean landscapes, calling for measures to counteract their ongoing degradation due in particular to climate change, water abstraction and damming. More generally, our study underlines the importance of considering the temporal dimension in habitat selection studies, without which there is the risk of overlooking the importance of habitats that are key for species persistence only at certain times of the year.
Data from: Resource selection and landscape change reveal mechanisms suppressing population recovery for the world's most endangered antelope
Understanding how bottom-up and top-down forces affect resource selection can inform restoration efforts. With a global population size of <500 individuals, the hirola Beatragus hunteri is the world's most endangered antelope, with a declining population since the 1970s. While the underlying mechanisms are unclear, some combination of habitat loss and predation are thought to be responsible for low abundances of contemporary populations. Efforts to conserve hirola are hindered by a lack of understanding as to why population density remains low, despite eradication of the viral disease, rinderpest. To elucidate factors underlying chronically low numbers, we examined resource selection and landscape change within the hirola's native range. Because hirola are grazers, we hypothesized that the availability of open areas would be linked both to forage and safety from predators. We quantified: (1) changes in tree cover across the hirola's historical range in eastern Kenya over the past 27 years; (2) how tree cover has influenced resource selection by hirola; and (3) interactions between tree cover and predation. Between 1985 and 2012, tree cover increased by 251% across the historical range of hirola. Tree encroachment was associated with a 98% decline of hirola and elephant Loxodonta africana populations, a 74% decline in cattle Bos indicus, an increase in browsing livestock by 327%, and a reduction in rainfall. Although hirola avoided tree cover, we found no evidence that predation on hirola increased with increasing tree cover. Synthesis and applications. Hirola may qualify as a refugee species, in which contemporary populations are restricted to suboptimal habitat and exhibit low survival, reproduction, or both. The extinction of hirola would be the first of a mammalian genus on the African continent in modern history. We conclude that contemporary low numbers of hirola are due at least partly to habitat loss via tree encroachment, triggered by some combination of elephant extirpation, overgrazing, drought, and perhaps fire suppression. We recommend a combination of rangeland restoration efforts (including conservation of elephants, manual clearing of trees, and grass seeding), increased enforcement of an existing protected area (Arawale National Reserve), and reintroductions to enhance recovery for this endangered species. These efforts will rely on enhanced support from the international conservation community and the cooperation of pastoralist communities with which the hirola coexist.
Data from: Generalist predator's niche shifts reveal ecosystem changes in an experimentally fragmented landscape
Habitat fragmentation can alter the trophic structure of communities and environmental conditions, thus driving changes in biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Quantifying niches of generalist predators can reveal how fragmentation alters ecosystems. In a habitat fragmentation experiment, we used stable isotopes of a generalist predator skink to test predictions from spatial theory on trophic structure and to quantify abiotic changes associated with fragmentation among continuous forest, fragments, and matrix habitats. We predicted that in fragments and the matrix, isotopic niches would shift due to decreases in skink trophic positions (δ15N) from reductions in trophic structure of arthropod food webs and abiotic changes over time (δ13C) relative to continuous forest. Contrary to theoretical predictions, we did not find evidence of reductions in trophic structure with fragmentation. In fact, skink δ15N values were higher in the matrix and fragments than continuous forest, likely due to changes in distributions of a detritivorous prey species. In addition, δ13C values in the matrix decreased over years since fragmentation due to abiotic changes associated with matrix tree maturation. We show how isotopic niches are influenced by fragmentation via shifts in biotic and abiotic processes. The potential for either or both spatial and abiotic effects of fragmentation present a challenge for theory to better predict ecological changes in fragmented landscapes.
Extinction-immigration dynamics lag behind environmental filtering in shaping the composition of tropical dry forests within a changing landscape
The impact of rapid habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity is a major issue. However, we still lack an integrative understanding of how these changes influence biodiversity dynamics over time. In this study, we investigate the effects of these changes in terms of both niche-based and neutral dynamics. We hypothesize that habitat loss has delayed effects on neutral immigration-extinction dynamics, while edge effects and environmental heterogeneity in habitat patches have rapid effects on niche-based dynamics. We analyzed taxonomic and functional composition of 100 tree communities in a tropical dry forest landscape of New-Caledonia subject to habitat loss and fragmentation. We designed an original, process-based simulation framework, and performed Approximate Bayesian Computation to infer the influence of niche-based and neutral processes. Then, we performed partial regressions to evaluate the relationships between inferred parameter values of communities and landscape metrics (distance to edge, patch area, and habitat amount around communities), derived from either recent or past (65 yrs ago) aerial photographs, while controlling for the effect of soil and topography. We found that landscape structure influences both environmental filtering and immigration. Immigration rate was positively related to past habitat amount surrounding communities. In contrast, environmental filtering was mostly affected by present landscape structure and mainly influenced by edge vicinity and topography. Our results highlight that landscape changes have contrasting spatio-temporal influences on niche-based and neutral assembly dynamics. First, landscape-level habitat loss and community isolation reduce immigration and increase demographic stochasticity, resulting in slow decline of local species diversity and extinction debt. Second, recent edge creation affects environmental filtering, incurring rapid changes in community composition by favoring species with edge-adapted strategies. Our study brings new insights about temporal impacts of landscape changes on biodiversity dynamics. We stress that landscape history critically influences these dynamics and should be taken into account in conservation policies.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.