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FIGURES 13–17 in Description of new species of oak leaf-miners (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), with notes on the species groups of Stigmella Schrank associated with Quercus as a host-plant

FIGURES 13–17. Stigmella acuta Diškus, Navickaitė & Remeikis, sp. nov., genitalia. 13, male genital capsule, holotype, gen. slide no. AD480. Scale bar 100 µm; 14, same, dorsal view. Scale bar 100 µm; 15, female genitalia, paratype, gen. slide no. RA265. Scale bar 300 µm; 16, same, accessory sac. Scale bar 200 m; 17, same, pectinations of bursa copulatrix. Scale bar 100 µm.

FIGURES 18–24 in Description of new species of oak leaf-miners (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), with notes on the species groups of Stigmella Schrank associated with Quercus as a host-plant

FIGURES 18–24. Stigmella cornuta Rocienė & Stonis, sp. nov., bionomics. 18, habitat, deciduous broad-leaved forests in NE China, Huairou District, 40°25'56''N, 116°33'20''E; 19, cocoon, scale bar 1 mm; 20–24, leaf-mines on Quercus dentata Thunb., Fagaceae (arrows indicate the narrow part of the mines: a gallery completely filled with black-green or brownish frass).

FIGURE 46 in Description of new species of oak leaf-miners (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), with notes on the species groups of Stigmella Schrank associated with Quercus as a host-plant

FIGURE 46. Dichotomies that usually help separate some species groups from all others groups of Quercus-feeding Stigmella on a basis of a single character.

FIGURE 38 in Description of new species of oak leaf-miners (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), with notes on the species groups of Stigmella Schrank associated with Quercus as a host-plant

FIGURE 38. Feeding preferences of the saginella, the cornuta and the hemargyrella groups. Some species of the saginella group may feed on more than one host-plant, thus the total percentage of host use for the group exceeds 100%.

FIGURES 39–41 in Description of new species of oak leaf-miners (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), with notes on the species groups of Stigmella Schrank associated with Quercus as a host-plant

FIGURES 39–41. Diagnostic characters of the caesurifasciella, the cornuta and the saginella species groups.

FIGURES 8–12 in Description of new species of oak leaf-miners (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), with notes on the species groups of Stigmella Schrank associated with Quercus as a host-plant

FIGURES 8–12. Stigmella acuta Diškus, Navickaitė & Remeikis, sp. nov., morphology. 8, male adult, holotype. Scale bar 1 mm; 9, female adult, paratype. Scale bar 1 mm; 10, male genitalia, paratype, gen. slide no. AD481. Scale bar 100 m; 11, male genital capsule, holotype, gen. slide no. AD480. Scale bar 100 µm; 12, aedeagus, holotype, gen. slide no. AD480. Scale bar 100 µm.

FIGURES 1–7 in Description of new species of oak leaf-miners (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), with notes on the species groups of Stigmella Schrank associated with Quercus as a host-plant

FIGURES 1–7. Stigmella acuta Diškus, Navickaitė & Remeikis, sp. nov., bionomics. 1, 2, habitat, mountainous broadleaf and mixed forests of the western Himalaya, Mussoorie, 30°27'31''N, 78°01'46''E, elevation 1980–2000 m; 3, host-plant, Quercus acutissima Carruth., Fagaceae; 4, cocoon. Scale bar 1 mm; 5–7, leaf-mines with feeding larvae.

FIGURES 31–36 in Description of new species of oak leaf-miners (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), with notes on the species groups of Stigmella Schrank associated with Quercus as a host-plant

FIGURES 31–36. Stigmella cornuta Rocienė & Stonis, sp. nov., details of male genitalia, holotype, gen. slide no. AG419. 31, fragment with uncus and gnathos; 32, uncus, reconstruction; 33, gnathos, reconstruction; 34, 35, cornuti; 36, same, reconstruction. Scale bar 50 µm.

FIGURE 37 in Description of new species of oak leaf-miners (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), with notes on the species groups of Stigmella Schrank associated with Quercus as a host-plant

FIGURE 37. Feeding preferences of the species groups of Stigmella associated with Quercus as a host-plant. Some species of the ruficapitella group may feed on more than one host-plant, thus the total percentage of host use for the group exceeds 100%.

FIGURES 25–30 in Description of new species of oak leaf-miners (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae), with notes on the species groups of Stigmella Schrank associated with Quercus as a host-plant

FIGURES 25–30. Stigmella cornuta Rocienė & Stonis, sp. nov., morphology. 25, male adult, holotype; 26, same, forewing, artist reconstruction, scale bar 1 mm; 27, male genitalia, holotype, gen. slide no. AG419, scale bar 100 µm; 28, same, transtilla; 29, same, vinculum (constricted laterally); 30, valva and juxta (the arrow indicates a chitinized apical papilla). Scale bar 50 µm.

FIGURES 16–18 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)

FIGURES 16–18. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. 16, 17, paratype, slide no. AD712; 18, same, phallus, slide no. AD716.

FIGURES 12–15 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)

FIGURES 12–15. Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. 12, adult, male, holotype; 13, same, female, paratype; 14, male genitalia, slide no. AD711, holotype, capsule; 15, same, phallus.

FIGURES 24–27 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)

FIGURES 24–27. Female genitalia of Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. 24, paratype, slide no. AD719; 25, same, coils of ductus spermathecae; 26, 27, paratype, apophyses, slide no. AD714.

FIGURES 22, 23 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)

FIGURES 22, 23. Female genitalia of Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov., paratype, slide no. AD719.

FIGURES 7–11 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)

FIGURES 7–11. Bionomics of Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. 7, 8, host-plant Sida rhombifolia L., Malvaceae; 9–11, leaf-mines with feeding larvae (9, 10) and pupa (11).

FIGURES 1–6 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)

FIGURES 1–6. Distribution of Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. 1, 6, habitat, Puerto Misahuallí, Ecuador; 2, same, Puerto Maldonado, Peru; 3, 5, same, El Remate & Tikal, Guatemala; 4, map of currently known distribution.

FIGURE 10 in Atacamaptilia ambrosiavora gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), a leaf miner of Ambrosia cumanensis (Asteraceae) in the Atacama Desert

FIGURE 10. Natural history Atacamaptilia ambrosiavora gen. et sp. nov. A. The host plant, Ambrosia cumanensis (Asteraceae) in a highly human-modified habitat in the type locality, the Azapa Valley, northern Chile. B–C. Mature leaf mines (white arrows) on the host plant, adaxial and abaxial, respectively. D. Young leaf mine (red arrow), square of C. E. Egg. F. Sap-feeding, dorsal. G. Tissue-feeding, laterodorsal. H. Tissue-feeding after color change previous to pupation, dorsal. Pupa, lateral. Scale bars 10, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.3, 1.4, 1.4 and 0.5 mm, respectively.

FIGURE 9 in Atacamaptilia ambrosiavora gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), a leaf miner of Ambrosia cumanensis (Asteraceae) in the Atacama Desert

FIGURE 9. Atacamaptilia ambrosiavora gen. et sp. nov., pupa. A–C. Ventral, dorsal and lateral. Scale bar 0.8 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Atacamaptilia ambrosiavora gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), a leaf miner of Ambrosia cumanensis (Asteraceae) in the Atacama Desert

FIGURE 7. Chaetotaxy of tissue-feeding Atacamaptilia ambrosiavora gen. et sp. nov. A. Head, frontal and lateral. B. Labrum, external and internal (epipharynx). C. Thorax and abdomen, lateral. Scale bars 0.01, 0.04 and 0.4 mm, respectively.

FIGURE 8 in Atacamaptilia ambrosiavora gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), a leaf miner of Ambrosia cumanensis (Asteraceae) in the Atacama Desert

FIGURE 8. Atacamaptilia ambrosiavora gen. et sp. nov., pupa scanning electron micrographs. A–C. Head, ventral, dorsal and lateral, respectively. D–E. Cocoon cutter, lateral and ventral, respectively. Frons and base of mouthparts, ventral. G. Mesothoracic seta, lateral. H. Spiracle A2, lateral. I Detail of transverse patch of spine-like projections of A3. J–K. Terminalia, dorsal and posterior, respectively. Spine of A10, square area of K. Scale bars 100, 100, 100, 10, 10, 50, 25, 10, 25, 50, 25, 10 and 5 μm, respectively.