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151 results for “lemur”
Lowered sensitivity of bitter taste receptors to β-glucosides in bamboo lemurs: An instance of parallel and adaptive functional decline in TAS2R16?
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Data from: Fossil lemurs from Egypt and Kenya suggest an African origin for Madagascar’s aye-aye
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Hair phenotype diversity across Indriidae lemurs
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Lemur population density in Sahamalaza-Iles Radama National Park, Madagascar
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Persistent inequalities in intraspecific plant-lemur interactions drive seed dispersal patterns
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Hyper-specialized bamboo lemurs possess a reduced suite of xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450 genes
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Ancient introgression in mouse lemurs (Microcebus:Cheirogaleidae) explains 20 years of phylogenetic uncertainty
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Data from: The role of nocturnal omnivorous lemurs as seed dispersers in Malagasy rain forests
<p>Fruit-eating animals play important roles as seed dispersal agents in terrestrial systems. Yet, the extent to which seed dispersal by nocturnal omnivores may facilitate germination and the recruitment of plant communities has rarely been investigated. Characterizing their roles in seed dispersal is necessary to provide a more complete picture of how seed dispersal processes affect ecosystem functioning. We investigated the roles and impacts of two species of nocturnal omnivorous lemur species, <em>Microcebus</em> <em>jollyae</em> and <em>M. rufus</em>, on seed dispersal in Madagascar's rain forests, through analysis of fecal samples and germination experiments. Data show that these lemur species, which are among the world's smallest primates, dispersed 22 plant species from various forest strata and that the defecated seeds germinated faster and at higher rates than control seeds for the eight plant species we tested. Even though mouse lemurs dispersed both native and non-native plant species, non-native plant species represented a relatively small proportion (17%). These results demonstrate that overlooked nocturnal omnivores can act as important seed dispersers, which may have critical implications for forest regeneration and the maintenance of plant diversity in fragmented/degraded forests. Finally, we provide critical insights into the previously unobserved behavior and diet of endangered nocturnal lemurs for their effective conservation.</p>
Data from: Assessing the Function of Geophagy in a Malagasy Rainforest Lemur
Geophagy has been observed in nearly every long-term study of folivorous primates. Yet despite frequent observations of this behavior, conclusive explanations for soil consumption remain ambiguous. This study tests the most frequently proposed hypotheses for geophagy using data collected on the geophagic behavior of the Milne-Edwards' sifaka (Propithecus edwardsi) living in two forests with varying levels of disturbance within Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Field data were collected from December 2002 to November 2003, during which time soil samples were collected for mineral analyses from 102 sites selected for geophagy and 42 control sites at which no geophagy was recorded. Results indicate that control soils differ significantly between the two study sites, and that this difference is primarily attributable to varying levels of habitat disturbance. The frequency of soil consumption also does not vary significantly by sex or between logged and unlogged habitats. Soil consumption significantly correlated with fruit/seed consumption overall, but to a lesser degree in logged compared to unlogged sites. Clay minerals found in soils likely prevent absorption of dietary toxins in the gut and/or may mediate gut pH. This provides strong evidence for the protection hypothesis for geophagy, which may be especially important in areas where logging, or other forms of habitat disturbance, have been experienced.
Plant species fed on by wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at nine sites
<p>A key aspect of a primate's ecology is its food source – the very nature of which is spatially and seasonally dependent, and may be affected by anthropic pressures. One of the most endangered, yet best-studied, strepsirrhine primates is the ring-tailed lemur (<i>Lemur catta</i>) – a species that has experienced significant human-induced habitat loss over many decades. To help understand feeding variability across time and space, I present a literature review of plant species (and parts) fed on by ring-tailed lemurs at nine sites in Madagascar: Ambatotsirongorongo, Andringitra Massif, Anja Reserve, Antserananomby, Berenty Reserve, Bezà Mahafaly Special Reserve, Cap Sainte-Marie, Tsaranoro Valley Forest, and Tsimanampetsotsa National Park. I gathered literature using keyword searches on Google Scholar (<a href="https://scholar.google.com/">https://scholar.google.com/</a>), and verified scientific names using the "Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar" (<a href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Project/Madagascar">http://legacy.tropicos.org/Project/Madagascar</a>). From 24 studies, I identify 221 genera and 241 species of consumed plants, with 92 genera and 70 species consumed at two or more sites. Based on the available distribution data, 63% of species are endemic and 22% native. Sixty-seven plants are known only by Malagasy common names and excluded from analyses. When authors identify the plant tissue consumed, 52% of species in the diet are represented by a single tissue type, typically leaves (mature and immature) or fruit (ripe or unripe). This review highlights the importance of studying multiple populations when creating dietary summaries of species and should prove valuable to those exploring ecological trends and habitat use by ring-tailed lemurs.</p>
F I G U R E 7 in Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species
F I G U R E 7 Outer morphology of Microcebus jonahi. (a) Drawing of an adult individual; (b) Habitus of adult female (paratype individual BD1); (c–e) Close‐ups of adult male (holotype B34). Illustration copyright by Stephen D. Nash/IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group; used with permission. Photos by D. Schüssler
F I G U R E 6 in Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species
F I G U R E 6 Reproductive records for adult males (a) and females (b) of Microcebus spp. in northeastern Madagascar and presence of juvenile individuals (c) in the population
F I G U R E 5 in Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species
F I G U R E 5 Linear discriminant analysis including all morphometric parameters (except third toe length). All five linages can be distinguished statistically (Wilk's lambda = 0.005; F = 10.338; p <.001) with a misclassification rate of 12.8%. dia, Mantadia NP; vala, Ambavala
F I G U R E 4 in Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species
F I G U R E 4 Principal component analysis including all morphometric parameters (except third toe length) showing PC1/PC2 (left) and PC3/PC4 (right). Small (M. mittermeieri and M. lehilahytsara) and large (M. sp. #3 and M. macarthurii) lineages differ along PC1, with some differentiation of M. mittermeieri and M. lehilahytsara along both PC1 and PC2, whereas M. sp. #3 and M. macarthurii split along PC3. Clusters corresponding to the five lineages were significantly different from each other (PERMANOVA: F = 36.88; df = 77; p <.001). dia, Mantadia NP; PERMANOVA, permutational multivariate analysis of variances; vala, Ambavala
F I G U R E 2 in Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species
F I G U R E 2 Maximum likelihood tree illustrating the phylogenetic relationships between Microcebus spp. in northeastern Madagascar as inferred by RAxML (based on nuclear sequence data). Sampling locations are indicated at the tips of the branches. Illustration adapted from Poelstra et al. (2020). NP, National Park; SNR, Special Nature Reserve; SR, Special Reserve
F I G U R E 1 in Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species
F I G U R E 1 Map depicting the study region with confirmed species occurrences (Hotaling et al., 2016; Kappeler et al., 2005; Louis et al., 2006; Radespiel et al., 2008, 2012; Weisrock et al., 2010). New sampling locations for this study are indicated with "*" and forest cover in 2017/2018 was derived from Vieilledent et al. (2018) and Schüssler et al. (2020). NP, National Park; SNR, Special Nature Reserve; SR, Special Reserve
F I G U R E 3 in Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species
F I G U R E 3 Selected morphometric measurements of Microcebus spp. in northeastern Madagascar. Comparison based on one‐way ANOVA (p <.001 for all parameters) and grouping (letters above values) according to Tukey post hoc tests. Plots for all parameters in Figure S1. ANOVA, analysis of variance; leh, M. lehilahytsara (at Mantadia NP); mac, M. macarthurii (at Anjiahely); mit, M. mittermeieri (at Anjiahely); sim, M. simmonsi (at Ambodiriana); sp.3, M. sp. #3 (at Ambavala and Antanambe)
Data from: Transcriptomics in the wild: hibernation physiology in free‐ranging dwarf lemurs
Hibernation is an adaptive strategy some mammals use to survive highly seasonal or unpredictable environments. We present the first investigation on the transcriptomics of hibernation in a natural population of primate hibernators: Crossley's dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus crossleyi). Using capture–mark–recapture techniques to track the same animals over a period of 7 months in Madagascar, we used RNA‐seq to compare gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT) during three distinct physiological states. We focus on pathway analysis to assess the biological significance of transcriptional changes in dwarf lemur WAT and, by comparing and contrasting what is known in other model hibernating species, contribute to a broader understanding of genomic contributions of hibernation across Mammalia. The hibernation signature is characterized by a suppression of lipid biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism and mitochondrial‐associated functions, and an accumulation of transcripts encoding ribosomal components and iron‐storage proteins. The data support a key role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4 (PDK4) in regulating the shift in fuel economy during periods of severe food deprivation. This pattern of PDK4 holds true across representative hibernating species from disparate mammalian groups, suggesting that the genetic underpinnings of hibernation may be ancestral to mammals.
Data from: Genome sequence and population declines in the critically endangered greater bamboo lemur (Prolemur simus) and implications for conservation
Background: The greater bamboo lemur (Prolemur simus) is a member of the Family Lemuridae that is unique in their dependency on bamboo as a primary food source. This Critically Endangered species lives in small forest patches in eastern Madagascar, occupying a fraction of its historical range. Here we sequence the genome of the greater bamboo lemur for the first time, and provide genome resources for future studies of this species that can be applied across its distribution. Results: Following whole genome sequencing of five individuals we identified over 152,000 polymorphic single nucleotide variants (SNVs), and evaluated geographic structuring across nearly 19k SNVs. We characterized a stronger signal associated with a north-south divide than across elevations for our limited samples. We also evaluated the demographic history of this species, and infer a dramatic population crash. This species had the largest effective population size (estimated between ~900,000 to one million individuals) between approximately 60,000-90,000 years before present (ybp), during a time in which global climate change affected terrestrial mammals worldwide. We also note the single sample from the northern portion of the extant range had the largest effective population size around 35,000 ybp. Conclusions: From our whole genome sequencing we recovered an average genomic heterozygosity of 0.0037%, comparable to other lemurs. Our demographic history reconstructions recovered a probable climate-related decline (60-90,000 ybp), followed by a second population decrease following human colonization, which has reduced the species to a census size of approximately 1,000 individuals. The historical distribution was likely a vast portion of Madagascar, minimally estimated at 44,259 km2, while the contemporary distribution is only ~1,700 km2. The decline in effective population size of 89-99.9% corresponded to a vast range retraction. Conservation management of this species is crucial to retain genetic diversity across the remaining isolated populations.
Data from: Challenges of NGS in conservation management: insights from long-term monitoring of corridor effects on the genetic diversity of mouse lemurs in a fragmented landscape
Long-term genetic monitoring of populations is essential for efforts aimed at preserving genetic diversity of endangered species. Here, we employ a framework of long-term genetic monitoring to evaluate the effects of fragmentation and the effectiveness of the establishment of corridors in restoring population connectivity and genetic diversity of mouse lemurs Micocebus ganzhorni. To this end, we supplement estimates of neutral genetic diversity with the assessment of adaptive genetic variability of the MHC. In addition, we address the challenges of long-term genetic monitoring of functional diversity by comparing the genotyping performance and estimates of MHC variability generated by SSCP/Sanger-sequencing with those obtained by high throughput sequencing (NGS, Illumina), an issue that is particularly relevant when previous work serves as a baseline for planning management strategies that aim to ensure the viability of a population. We report that SSCP greatly underestimates individual diversity and that discrepancies in estimates of MHC diversity attributable to the comparisons of traditional and NGS genotyping techniques can influence the conclusions drawn from conservation management scenarios. Evidence of migration among fragments in Mandena suggests that mouse lemurs are robust to the process of fragmentation and that the effect of corridors is masked by ongoing gene flow. Nonetheless, results based on a larger number of shared private alleles at neutral loci between fragment pairs found after the establishment of corridors in Mandena suggest that gene flow is augmented as a result of enhanced connectivity. Our data points out that despite low effective population size, M. ganzhorni maintains high individual heterozygosity at neutral loci and at MHC II DRB gene and that selection plays a predominant role in maintaining MHC diversity. These findings highlight the importance of long-term genetic monitoring in order to disentangle between the processes of drift and selection maintaining adaptive genetic diversity in small populations.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.