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1,203 results for “management effects”
Data for: Using a demographic model to project the long-term effects of fire management on tree biomass in Australian savannas
<p>Tropical savannas are characterised by high primary productivity and high fire frequency, such that much of the carbon captured by vegetation is rapidly returned to the atmosphere. Hence, there have been suggestions that management-driven reductions in savanna fire frequency and/or severity could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and sequester carbon in tree biomass. However, a key knowledge gap is the extent to which savanna tree biomass will respond to modest shifts in fire regimes due to plausible, large-scale management interventions. Here, we: (1) characterise relationships between the frequency and severity of fires and key demographic rates of savanna trees, based on long-term observations in vegetation monitoring plots across northern Australia; (2) use these relationships to develop a process-explicit demographic model describing the effects of fire on savanna tree populations; and (3) use the demographic model to address the question: to what extent is it feasible, through the strategic application of prescribed burning, to increase tree biomass in Australian tropical savannas? Our long-term tree monitoring dataset included observations of 12,344 tagged trees in 236 plots, monitored for between 3 and 24 years. Analysis of this dataset showed that frequent high-severity fires significantly reduced savanna tree recruitment, survival and growth. Our demographic model suggested that: (1) despite the negative effects of frequent high-severity fires on demographic rates, savanna tree biomass appears to be suppressed by only a relatively small amount by contemporary fire regimes, characterised by a mix of low- to high-severity fires; and (2) plausible, management-driven reductions in the frequency of high-severity fires are likely to lead to increases in tree biomass of about 11.0 t DM ha<sup>–1</sup> (95% confidence interval: -1.2–20.8) over a century. Accounting for this increase in carbon storage could generate significant carbon credits, worth on average three times those generated annually by current greenhouse gas (methane and nitrous oxide) abatement projects, and has the potential to significantly increase the economic viability of fire/carbon projects, thereby promoting ecologically sustainable management of tropical savannas in Australia and elsewhere. This growing industry has the potential to bring much-needed economic activity to savanna landscapes, without compromising important natural and cultural values.</p>
Data for: Effects of habitat management on rodent diversity, abundance, and virus infection dynamics
<p>As anthropogenic factors continue to degrade natural areas, habitat management is needed to restore and maintain biodiversity. However, the impacts of different habitat management regimes on ecosystems have largely focused on vegetation analyses, with limited evaluation of downstream effects on wildlife. We compared the effects of grassland management regimes (prescribed burning, cutting/haying, or no active management) on rodent communities and the viruses they hosted. Rodents were trapped in 13 existing grassland sites in Northwest Arkansas, USA during 2020 and 2021. Rodent blood samples were screened for antibodies against three common rodent-borne virus groups: orthohantaviruses, arenaviruses, and orthopoxviruses. We captured 616 rodents across 5953 trap nights. Burned and unmanaged sites had similarly high abundance and diversity, but burned sites had a higher proportion of grassland species than unmanaged sites; cut sites had the highest proportion of grassland species but the lowest rodent abundance and diversity. A total of 38 rodents were seropositive for one of the three virus groups (34 orthohantavirus, three arenavirus, and one orthopoxvirus). Thirty-six seropositive individuals were found in burned sites, and two orthohantavirus-seropositive individuals were found in cut sites. Cotton rats and prairie voles, two grassland species, accounted for 97% of the rodents seropositive for orthohantavirus. Our study indicates that prescribed burns lead to a diverse and abundant community of grassland rodent species when compared to other management regimes; as keystone taxa, these results also have important implications for many other species in food webs. Higher prevalence of antibodies against rodent-borne viruses in burned prairies shows an unexpected consequence likely resulting from robust host population densities supported by the increased habitat quality of these sites. Ultimately, these results provide empirical evidence that can inform grassland restoration and ongoing management strategies.</p>
Effective management for deadwood-dwelling lichen diversity requires landscape-scale habitat protection
<ol> <li>Habitat loss is considered a major threat for biodiversity. However, the scales on which its effects occur are still insufficiently understood, namely, is the amount of available habitat important for species richness on both local and landscape scales? We studied the effects of local and landscape-scale habitat amount on local-scale species density of deadwood-dependent lichens in Swedish boreal forests. Creation and retention of dead wood are common practices to benefit forest biodiversity, and recognizing the relevant scale is critical for them to be successful.</li> <li>We surveyed deadwood-dependent lichens in 90 unmanaged forest stands that differed in the local and landscape habitat amount. The local habitat amount was measured as the amount of dead wood in the sampled stands (m<sup>2</sup> dead wood/ha), while six alternative proxies were used to estimate the landscape habitat amount, i.e., the amount of dead wood in the landscapes surrounding the sampled forest stands. Lichen species density (number of species per standardized dead wood area of 3.7 m<sup>2</sup>) was modelled as a function of local habitat amount and landscape habitat amount at multiple scales (300 m – 5 km from the stands).</li> <li>We found that lichen species density increased with the landscape habitat amount. The proportion of old forests (> 100 years, including newly clear-cut stands that until recently were old forests) within 5 km from the studied stands explained species density better than the other proxies of landscape habitat amount. Local dead wood amount did not affect species density, and there was no interaction between the local and landscape habitat amount. </li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>: To promote the conservation of deadwood-dependent lichens, the amount of old forests in managed forest landscapes should be maintained or increased. A certain amount of dead wood hosted more lichen species when situated in a landscape with more old forest, while there was no effect of the local dead wood amount. This suggests that management aimed at increasing the local species density of deadwood-dwelling lichens should focus on creating and maintaining habitat in the surrounding landscape rather than on only adding deadwood to that local site. In other words, effective management for deadwood-dependent lichen diversity requires landscape-scale habitat protection.</li> </ol>
Data for: Direct and indirect effects of food, fear and management on crop damage by ungulates
<p>Foraging on crops by wild ungulates may create human-wildlife conflicts through reducing crop production. Ungulates interact with and within complex socio-ecological systems, making the reduction of crop damage a challenging task. Aside from ungulate densities, crop damage is influenced by different drivers affecting ungulate foraging behavior: food availability and food quality in the landscape (i.e. the foodscape) as well as fear from hunting and scaring actions (i.e. the landscape of fear) may together affect the degree of damage via both direct and indirect effects. A better understanding of the individual effects of these potential drivers behind crop damage is needed, as is an appreciation of whether the effects are dependent on ungulate density. We investigated this by applying path analysis to test indirect and direct links between ungulate density, foodscape, landscape of fear and, human management goals on crop damage of oats and grass, respectively. Our results suggest that crop type is the major driver behind crop damage, with more damage to oats than to leys, implying that human decisions (i.e changing crop type) influence the level of crop damage. We found that management goals and actions influenced the foodscape and the landscape of fear, by affecting the amount of forage produced in the agricultural landscape and the amount of scaring actions. Additionally, we found that supplementary feeding influenced the local ungulate densities in the area. Our results highlight the importance of including human actions on multiple levels when assessing drivers behind damage by ungulates in managed landscapes. We suggest that more studies using path analysis on multiple scales are needed in order to tackle complex issues such as crop damage and other human-wildlife conflicts.</p>
Data from: A novel protein-based fruit fly trap in melon flies Bactrocera cucurbitae for effective pest control management
<p>Agriculture remains a major source of subsistence for local communities in India. However, agricultural yield can be strongly affected by agricultural pest outbreaks. This can result in economic losses for small-scale farmers who already experience socioeconomic challenges, such as lack of appropriate infrastructure and subsidies. Sophisticated pest management techniques (e.g., sterile insect technique) are less accessible to small farmers in developing countries and therefore, alternative cost-effective approaches for pest management are needed. Here, we report our findings of a three-year-long field trial (2018 to 2020) in India which was designed to test for the potential effectiveness of a novel, slow-release formulation protein-based trap, compared to standard Cuelure traps against melon flies <em>Bactrocera</em> <em>cucurbitae</em> (Diptera: Tephritidae). Protein-bait traps can attract flies from both sexes (as opposed to males-only, chemical traps), bearing the potential to have greater long-term impact on pest populations by decreasing future reproductive potential of trapped individuals. We found that Cuelure had overall higher trapping performance, while protein-bait traps, despite trapping at lower efficiency, were equally effective for males and females. Simulations with our field data revealed that protein-bait traps can have an 'inclusive' advantage by trapping females and thereby preventing future individuals. Overall, our study highlights the potential benefits of using this alternative trapping technique to supplement pest management in developing countries.</p>
Effectiveness of self-management of medication and self-monitoring of blood pressure, diet, and physical exercise on blood pressure in patients with poorly controlled hypertension (MEDICHY study): randomized and controlled trial
<p>Dataset study medichy ISRCTN144433778</p>
Stroke Self-Management: Effect on Function and Stroke Specific Quality of Life
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01507688. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Effects of an Individual and Family Self-Management of Fall Prevention Program on Balance Ability and Fall-related Self-efficacy Among Chinese Post-Stroke Individuals
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06577662. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effects of Remote Patient Monitoring on Chronic Disease Management
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03127852. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Effects of a Rehabilitation Program on Physical Performance and Disease Self-management in Rheumatoid Arthritis.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01307787. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Prospective Cohort Study for the Real - Life Effectiveness Evaluation of GlycOpyrronium With IndacatERol Combination in the Management of COPD in Canada (POWER Study)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02202616. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effectiveness of Health Education Program on Musculoskeletal Pain Management in Primary School Students
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07160478. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Pilot Investigation to Evaluate Effectiveness of Shockwave Therapy, Photobiomodulation and Physical Therapy in the Management of Non-insertional Achilles Tendinopathy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04725513. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Assessment of Safety and Effectiveness in Treatment Management of Atrial Fibrillation With the BWI IRE Ablation System
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05293639. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
To Examine the Effects of Axitinib Dose Reduction and Interruption for Adverse Event Management Among Patients Receiving Axitinib in for the Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04682587. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effectiveness and Acceptability of SDF Compared to ART for the Management of Early Childhood Caries
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06786975. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Real World Effectiveness of Combining an Employer-based Weight Management Program With Medication for Chronic Weight Management in Employees With Obesity
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03799198. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Effect of Nurse-led Education on Parent's Anxiety and Depression on Managing Side Effects of Chemotherapy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03753542. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 15.
Effect of Topical Calcipotriene/Betamethasone (Taclonex) in Managing Localized Breakthrough in Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis in Patients Receiving Efalizumab (Raptiva)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00608777. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Implementation and Effectiveness of Engagement and Collaborative Management to Proactively Advance Sepsis Survivorship
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04495946. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 17.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.