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212 results for “marine conservation”
Fig. 4 in Diversity and conservation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles and amphibians in Saudi Arabia
Fig. 4. Phytogeographical regions of Saudi Arabia (after Al-Nafie 2008).
Data from: Monitoring temporal and spatial trends of illegal and legal fishing in Canada's marine conservation areas using vessel tracking datasets
<p>Expansion of marine conservation areas (CA) necessitates resource-efficient and achievable strategies for monitoring and evaluation of ongoing fishing activity at national levels. To demonstrate and explore such a strategy, we conducted the first extensive analysis of fishing activity within Canada's static, geographically defined marine CAs with fishing regulations (n = 264 areas). We used eight years of Automatic Identification System data to estimate fishing effort across three oceans and conducted temporal and spatial comparisons specific to each CA's regulations and enactment date. We addressed questions on CA effectiveness, fishing displacement, fishing the line behavior, and relationships between fishing activity and spatial CA attributes. We estimated 22,000 hours of fishing activity within CAs after enactments, 22% of which was identified as illegal. CA effectiveness appeared to be lowest for Atlantic CAs based on illegal fishing effort density within CAs. Fishing displacement and fishing the line was generally not apparent as buffer areas around CAs tended to already have higher fishing effort prior to enactments. CA effectiveness and responses to CAs varied considerably, as was visualized using timeseries plots and maps developed for each CA. Our evaluation of a nation's full suite of CAs provides managers with a foundation and approach for continued monitoring and reporting.</p>
Fine-scale intraspecific niche partitioning in a highly mobile, marine megafauna species: implications for ecology and conservation
<p>A species may partition its realized ecological niche along bionomic and/or scenopoetic axes due to intraspecific competition for limited resources. How partitioning manifests depends on resource needs and availability by and for the partitioning groups. Here we demonstrate the utility of analyzing short- and long-term stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from imperiled marine megafauna to elucidate realized niche partitioning in these species. We captured 113 loggerhead (<em>Caretta</em> <em>caretta</em>) sea turtles at a high-use area near Crystal River, Florida, between 2016–2022, comprising 53 subadults, 10 adult males, and 50 adult females. Isotopic analyses indicated that loggerheads partition their realized ecological niche by life stage, along a scenopoetic axis. Most adults likely forage and reside in shallow areas of the study site, with most subadults displaying habitat switching between deeper locations to forage and shallower locations to rest. Some subadults, like adults, also forage and reside in shallow areas, and may display behaviors to avoid intraspecific competition. Analysis of stable isotopes with different turnover rates was critical for this characterization of intraspecific niche partitioning in loggerhead turtles, which has direct implications for ongoing research and conservation efforts for this and other imperiled species.</p>
Data from: Extending full protection inside existing marine protected areas or reducing fishing effort outside can reconcile conservation and fisheries goals
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Data from: Monitoring temporal and spatial trends of illegal and legal fishing in Canada's marine conservation areas using vessel tracking datasets
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Fine-scale intraspecific niche partitioning in a highly mobile, marine megafauna species: implications for ecology and conservation
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Environmental DNA metabarcoding reveals and unpacks a biodiversity conservation paradox in Mediterranean marine reserves
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Data from: Metabolic traits and thresholds to inform marine ecological conservation and restoration
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A blueprint for securing Brazil's marine biodiversity and supporting the achievement of global conservation goals
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>As a step towards providing support for an ecological approach to strengthening marine protected areas (MPAs) and meeting international commitments, this study combines cumulative impact assessment and conservation planning approach to undertake a large-scale spatial prioritisation.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Brazil, Southwest Atlantic Ocean</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We developed a prioritisation approach to protecting different habitat types, threatened species ranges, and ecological connectivity, while also mitigating the impacts of multiple threats on biodiversity. When identifying priorities for conservation, we accounted for the co-occurrence of 24 human threats and the distribution of 161 marine habitats and 143 threatened species, as well as their associated vulnerabilities. Additionally, we compared our conservation priorities with MPAs proposed by local stakeholders.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We show that impacts to habitats and species are widespread and identify hotspots of cumulative impacts on inshore and offshore areas. Industrial fisheries, climate change, and land-based activities were the most severe threats to biodiversity. The highest priorities were mostly found towards the coast due to the high cumulative impacts found in nearshore areas. As expected, our systematic approach showed a better performance on selecting priority sites when compared to the MPAs proposed by local stakeholders without a typical conservation planning exercise, increasing the existing coverage of MPAs by only 7.9%. However, we found that proposed MPAs still provide some opportunities to protect areas facing high levels of threats.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>The study presents a blueprint of how to embrace a comprehensive ecological approach when identifying strategic priorities for conservation. We advocate protecting these crucial areas from degradation in emerging conservation efforts is key to maintain their biodiversity value.</p>
Data from: Postglacial range expansion shaped the spatial genetic structure in a marine habitat-forming species: implications for conservation plans in the Eastern Adriatic Sea
Aim: Understanding how historical and contemporary processes shaped and maintain spatial patterns of genetic diversity is a major goal for conservation biologists. Here, we characterized the pattern of neutral genetic diversity and we inferred underlying processes in the habitat-forming octocoral Paramuricea clavata in the Adriatic Sea, a peculiar phylogeographic region of the Mediterranean Sea. Location: Eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. Methods: We genotyped seven microsatellites in 454 individuals of P. clavata from 13 populations recolonized after the last glacial maximum (LGM). We estimated the levels of contemporary connectivity and genetic drift and we reconstructed the demographic history of these populations. Results: The pattern of spatial genetic structure resulted from the combination of hierarchical genetic clusters and isolation by distance (IBD). A significant decrease in genetic diversity and an increase of the frequencies of individual alleles likely due to allele surfing from the south to the north of the area were observed as expected after a postglacial sequential recolonization. Based on maximum likelihood analyses, the foundation of these populations was not linked to dramatic change in population size. Main conclusion: Oceanographic barriers to gene flow combined to the restricted dispersal of P. clavata likely maintain the hierarchical structure and the IBD pattern. We suggest that the latitudinal genetic gradient results from a northward 'serial founder events' recolonization. By integrating patterns and processes, we bridge the gap between the evolutionary and the conservation biology of P. clavata, providing management guidelines, which will benefit the associated coralligenous biodiversity.
Data from: Biodiversity inventories and conservation of the marine fishes of Bootless Bay, Papua New Guinea
BACKGROUND: The effective management and conservation of biodiversity is predicated on clearly defined conservation targets. Species number is frequently used as a metric for conservation prioritization and monitoring changes in ecosystem health. We conducted a series of synoptic surveys focusing on the fishes of the Bootless Bay region of Papua New Guinea to generate a checklist of fishes of the region. Bootless Bay lies directly south of Port Moresby, the capital of Papua New Guinea, and experiences the highest human population density of any marine area in the country. Our checklist will set a baseline against which future environmental changes can be tracked RESULTS: We generated a checklist of 488 fish species in 72 families found in Bootless Bay during a two-week sampling effort. Using incident-based methods of species estimation, we extrapolate there to be approximately 940 fish species in Bootless Bay, one of the lowest reported numbers in Papua New Guinea. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the Bootless Bay ecosystem of Papua New Guinea, while diverse in absolute terms, has lower fish biodiversity compared to other shallow marine areas within the country. These differences in faunal diversity, are most likely a combination of unequal sampling effort as well as biophysical factors within Bootless Bay compounded by historical and/or contemporary anthropogenic disturbances.
Using cumulative impact mapping to prioritise marine conservation efforts in Equatorial Guinea
<p>Marine biodiversity is under extreme pressure from anthropogenic activity globally, leading to calls to protect at least 10% of the world's oceans within marine protected areas (MPAs) and other effective area-based conservation measures by 2020. Fulfilling such commitments, however, requires a detailed understanding of the distribution of potentially detrimental human activities, and their predicted impacts. One such approach that is being increasingly used to strengthen our understanding of human impacts is cumulative impact mapping; as it can help identify economic sectors with the greatest potential impact on species and ecosystems in order to prioritise conservation management strategies, providing clear direction for intervention. In this paper, we present the first local cumulative utilisation impact mapping exercise for the Bioko-Corisco-Continental area of Equatorial Guinea's Exclusive Economic Zone – situated in the Gulf of Guinea one of the most important and least studied marine regions in the Eastern Central Atlantic. This study examines the potential impact of ten direct anthropogenic activities on a suite of key marine megafauna species and reveals that the most suitable habitats for these species, located on the continental shelf, are subject to the highest threat scores. However, in some coastal areas, the persistence of highly suitable habitat subject to lower threat scores suggests that there are still several strategic areas that are less impacted by human activity that may be suitable sites for protected area expansion. Highlighting both the areas with potentially the highest impact, and those with lower impact levels, as well as particularly damaging activities can inform the direction of future conservation initiatives in the region.</p>
FIGURE 9 in The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation
FIGURE 9. Selected examples of symbiotic associations between reef fishes recorded at the Laje de Santos Marine State Park. The barber goby Elacatinus figaro cleans the head of the jubauna reeffish Chromis jubauna hovering close to the goby's cleaning station (a); the same cleaner species inspects the back of the nocturnal squirrelfish Holocentrus adscensionis that approached its cleaning station (b); juvenile spotfin hogfish Bodianus pulchellus cleans the mouth of the spotted moray Gymnothorax moringa (c); adult of the same hogfish species cleans the head of the jubauna reeffish (d); the wrasse Halichoeres sp. n. follows a group of the white trevally Pseudocaranx dentex, which stir sediment clouds while feeding on the sandy bottom (e); the dusky grouper Mycteroperca marginata closely follows the goldspotted snake eel Myrichthys ocellatus that nudges its head in rocky crevices (f); the spotfin hogfish follows the flying gurnard Dactylopterus volitans moving close to the bottom (g); two diskfish Remora remora attached near the mouth of the Atlantic manta Manta birostris (h).Photos: M. Andrade (h); A. Carvalho Filho (e-f); J. P. Krajewski (a); O.J. Luiz Jr. (c-d, g); A. de Luca Jr. (b).
FIGURE 8 in The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation
FIGURE 8. Cluster analysis of habitat types at the Laje de Santos Marine State Park based on the similarity of species composition. The relative distribution of trophic categories in each habitat is shown in the graphs. CAR = Carnivore; MIF = Mobile Invertebrate Feeder; OMN = Omnivore; PIS = Piscivore; PLK = Planktivore; ROVH = Roving Herbivore; SIF = Sessile Invertebrate Feeder; TERH = Territorial Herbivore.
FIGURE 10 in The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation
FIGURE 10. Targeted and endangered top-predators recorded at the Laje de Santos Marine State Park. The dusky groupers Mycteroperca marginata are very common in the area, but attain unusual large size and are largely unafraid of divers, contrarily to what happens at other unprotected sites (a); the goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara (b) and the cubera snapper Lutjanus cyanopterus (c). Several individuals of these two latter species have been seen at in the Laje de Santos in the last two years, after a period of more than ten years over which they remained unrecorded at the site. Photos: A. Carvalho-Filho (c); L. Cheidde (b); A. Valente (a).
FIGURE 3 in The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation
FIGURE 3. Some abundant fish species at the Laje de Santos Marine State Park. The tomtate grunt Haemulon aurolineatum (a); adult and juvenile sergeant major Abudefduf saxatilis (b); the brown chromis Chromis multilineata (c); juvenile dusky damselfish Stegastes fuscus (d); intermediate individual of the jubauna reeffish Chromis jubauna (e); the silver porgy Diplodus argenteus (f); juvenile porkfish Anisotremus virginicus (g); the ringneck blenny Parablennius pilicornis (h). Photos: O.J. Luiz Jr, except (e) by L.F. Cassino.
FIGURE 6 in The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation
FIGURE 6. Selected fish species that dwell in the deep reef (30-45 m) community at the Laje de Santos State Marine Park. The deep-reef wrasse Halichoeres sp.n. (a); the reeffish Chromis cf. enchrysura (b); the red porgy Pagrus pagrus (c); the Brazilian sandperch Pinguipes brasilianus (d); the sea basses Acanthistius brasilianus (e), A. patachonicus (f) and Dules auriga (g); the snowy grouper Hyporthodus niveatus (h). The former species (a) is probably a Brazilian endemic, closely related to the Northwestern Atlantic species H. bathyphilus. The distinctive status from its sister species is supported by molecular mtDNA analysis (L.A. Rocha pers. comm.).The last six species (c-h) ranges southward to temperate Patagonian rocky reefs. Photos: A. Carvalho-Filho (e-g); O.J. Luiz Jr. (a-d, h).
FIGURE 4 in The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation
FIGURE 4. Relative proportions of geographic distribution types of the species observed at the Laje de Santos Marine State Park. Br = Brazilian Province; CE = Central Atlantic; CT = Circumtropical. EA = Eastern Atlantic; SCa = Southern Caribbean; SE = Southeastern Brazil; TA = Trans-Atlantic; WA = Western Atlantic.
FIGURE 5 in The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation
FIGURE 5. Selected Brazilian endemic reef fish species that occur at the Laje de Santos Marine State Park. The barber goby Elacatinus figaro (a); the Brazilian yellowcheek wrasse Halichoeres dimidiatus, initial phase (b); the Brazilian wrasse Halichoeres brasiliensis, intermediate phase (c); the Noronha wrasse Thalassoma noronhanum, terminal male (d); the tuiupiranga parrotfish Sparisoma tuiupiranga, initial phase (e); Zelinda's parrotfish Scarus zelindae, initial phase (f); the reef parrotfish Sparisoma amplum, initial phase (g); the gray parrotfish Sparisoma axillare, terminal male (h). Photos: O.J. Luiz Jr, except (d) by I. Cavas.
FIGURES 16–18. Celleporina wellingtonensis n in New bryozoan taxa from a new marine conservation area in New Zealand, with a checklist of Bryozoa from Greater Cook Strait
FIGURES 16–18. Celleporina wellingtonensis n. sp. 16, Surface of mature colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. 17, Ovicell showing perforate ectooecial tabula. 18, Primary orifice. FIGURES 19–21. Osthimosia sirena n. sp. 19, Ovicelled zooid surrounded by adventitious avicularia. 20, A small adventitious avicularium with a curved crossbar. 21, Primary orifice. Scale bars: Figs 16, 18, 19, 21 = 100 µm; Fig. 17 = 200 µm; Fig. 20 = 20 µm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.