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671 results for “mediating effect”
Datasets used for the publication: UAV-Lidar reveals that canopy structure mediates the influence of edge effects on forest diversity, function and microclimate
<p>Datasets used for the publication: UAV-Lidar reveals that canopy structure mediates the influence of edge effects on forest diversity, function and microclimate.</p> <p>The file "Blanchard_et_al_JoE_2023_data_plot_trees.csv" contains individual tree indentification data for the 46 plots used in the study.</p> <p>The file "Blanchard_et_al_JoE_2023_data_plot_aggregated.csv" contains plot-level aggregated metrics used for the analyses:</p> <p>- distance to the forest edge</p> <p>- diversity indices : the 20-sp rarefied species richness "rar_sp_richness_20" and the 20-sp rarefied Beta diversity "Beta_div" which corresponds to the plos coordinates on the PCoA first axis.</p> <p>- functional indices: the community weighted mean trait values for the four traits used in this study : ,"WD","SLA","LA","LDMC"; the fonctional divergence index "FD_trans.FDiv"; and the synthetic community weigthed mean trait wich corresponds to the postion on plots on the principal component analysis of species trait values "Functional_composition_trans". Note that the SLA and LA values were log-transformed before computing "FD_trans.FDiv" and "Functional_composition_trans".</p> <p>- UAV-LiDAR-dervived metrics: canopy height, gap fraction ("gap_fraction2"), slope, curvature</p> <p>- The estimated plot above graound biomass "agb_plot", and the mean value of the vapor pressure deficit during the drisest month "max_monthly_VPD".</p> <p>- coordinates of the plots in UTM 58S (Coordinate reference system)</p> <p>Please read the material and method section of the article for more informations on this dataset.</p>
Xenon's sedative effect is at least partly mediated by interaction with the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) of HCN2 channels expressed by thalamocortical neurons of the ventrobasal nucleus in mice
<p>Xenon (70%xenon, 30%O2) application in the last 10 min of the open field test manage to sedate wild-type mice but not HCN2EA. Wild-type mice in the xenon_wild-type video can be seen moving freely in the early minutes but the general activity starts to decrease sharply in the last 2 minutes and is absent between min 9 and 10 while HCN2EA mice in the xenon_HCN2EA can be seen moving throughout the entire time of the xenon gas mixture application.</p>
Tree diversity effects on litter decomposition are mediated by litterfall and microbial processes
<p>Forest ecosystems are critical for their carbon sequestration potential. Increasing tree diversity was shown to enhance both forest productivity and litter decomposition. Litter diversity increases litter decomposability by increasing the diversity of substrates offered to decomposers. However, the relative importance of litter decomposability and decomposer community in mediating tree diversity effects on decomposition remains unknown. Moreover, tree diversity modulation of litterfall spatial distribution, consequently, litter decomposition has rarely been tested. We studied tree diversity effects on leaf litter decomposition and its mediation by the amount of litterfall, litter species richness and decomposability, and soil microorganisms in a large-scale tree diversity experiment in subtropical China. Furthermore, we examined how litter functional identity and diversity affect leaf litter decomposability. Finally, we tested how leaf functional traits, tree biomass, and forest spatial structure drive the litterfall spatial distribution. We found evidence that tree species richness increased litter decomposition by increasing litter species richness and the amount of litterfall. We showed that soil microorganisms in this subtropical forest perform 84–87% of litter decomposition. Moreover, changes in the amount of litterfall and microbial decomposition explained 19–37% of the decomposition variance. Additionally, up to 20% of the microbial decomposition variance was explained by litter decomposability, while litter decomposability itself was determined by litter functional identity, diversity, and species richness. Tree species richness increased litter species richness and the amount of litterfall (+200% from monoculture to 8-species neighborhood). We further demonstrated that the amount of species-specific litterfall increased with increasing tree proximity and biomass and was modulated by leaf functional traits. These litterfall drivers increased the spatial heterogeneity of litter distribution, thus, litter decomposition. We highlighted multiple biomass- and diversity-mediated effects of tree diversity on ecosystem properties driving forest nutrient cycling. We conclude that considering spatial variability in biotic properties will improve our mechanistic understanding of ecosystem functioning.</p>
Multiple dimensions of biodiversity mediate effects of temperature on invertebrate herbivory in a montane grassland
<p><span>Invertebrate herbivores are important and diverse, and their abundance and impacts will likely shift under climate change. Yet, past studies of invertebrate herbivory have documented highly variable responses to changing temperature, making it challenging to predict the direction and magnitude of these shifts. One explanation for these responses is that changing environmental conditions drive concurrent changes in plant communities and herbivore traits. The impacts of changing temperature on herbivory might therefore depend on how temperature combines and interacts with characteristics of plant and herbivore communities. To test this, we surveyed damage to leaves by invertebrate herbivores on </span><span>4400 plant individuals in 220 sampling plots along a 1101-meter elevational gradient. Increasing temperature drove community-level herbivory via at least three overlapping mechanisms: increasing temperature directly reduced herbivory, indirectly affected herbivory by reducing plant-community phylogenetic diversity, and indirectly affected herbivory by altering the effects of plant-community functional and phylogenetic diversity on herbivory. Consequently, increasing plant functional diversity reduced herbivory in colder environments while increasing plant phylogenetic diversity increased herbivory in warmer environments. Moreover, different herbivore feeding guilds varied in their response to temperature and plant community composition. These results indicate that, even along a single elevation gradient in a single year, a variety of mechanisms can concurrently drive herbivory, thereby supporting the hypothesis that a universal response of herbivory to changing environmental conditions is unlikely to exist. Instead, our results highlight the importance of considering both plant and herbivore community context to predict how climate change will alter invertebrate herbivory.</span></p>
Data from: Soil microbes mediate the effects of resource variability on plant invasion
<p>A fundamental question in ecology is which species will prevail over others amid changes in both environmental mean conditions and their variability. Although the widely accepted fluctuating resource hypothesis predicts that increases in mean resource availability and variability therein will promote non-native plant invasion, it remains unclear to what extent these effects might be mediated by soil microbes. We grew eight invasive non-native plant species as target plants in pot-mesocosms planted with five different synthetic native communities as competitors and assigned them to eight combinations of two nutrient-fluctuation (constant vs pulsed), two nutrient-availability (low vs high) and two soil-microbe (living vs sterilized) treatments. We found that when plants grew in sterilized soil, nutrient fluctuation promoted the dominance of non-native plants under overall low nutrient availability, whereas the nutrient fluctuation had minimal effect under high nutrient availability. In contrast, when plants grew in living soil, nutrient fluctuation promoted the dominance of non-native plants under high nutrient availability rather than under low nutrient availability. Analysis of the soil microbial community suggests that this might reflect that nutrient fluctuation strongly increased the relative abundance of the most dominant pathogenic fungal family or genus under high nutrient availability, while decreasing it under low nutrient availability. Our findings are the first to indicate that besides its direct effect, environmental variability could also indirectly affect plant invasion via changes in soil microbial communities.</p>
Forest restoration treatments indirectly diversify pollination networks via floral- and temperature-mediated effects
<p>In North American conifer forests a variety of federally initiated thinning programs are implemented to restore pre-European settlement forest structures, but these changes may impact ecosystem function via impacts on sensitive biotic communities. Across the wildland-urban interface of the Front Range region of Colorado, agencies associated with the 'Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program' (CFLRP) have implemented thinning treatments across thousands of hectares of ponderosa pine forest; here we leverage these treatments as an experimental framework to examine thinning effects on a pollinator community. We measured variation in forest structure and sampled bee community assemblages using multiple methods (trapping and netting) to compare bee biodiversity and patterns of floral visitation by bees (bee-flower networks) between mechanically thinned stands that were 3–10 years post-treatment and non-thinned stands. Three key findings emerged: (1) Native bee abundance, richness, and diversity were 120, 53, and 37% greater, respectively, in thinned stands. Nestedness, richness, and abundance of bee-flower interactions were all substantially higher in thinned stands, and there was increased functional redundancy in bee assemblages after thinning. (2) Structural equation modelling indicated that variation in temperature and floral abundance were mediated by canopy openness and were correlated with bee richness and abundance, thereby indirectly driving variation in bee-flower interactions. (3) Four floral species (<em>Penstemon virens, Cerastium arvense, Erysimum capitatum, </em>and<em> Geranium caespitosum</em>) were identified as key connectors in bee-flower interaction networks, though these were not necessarily the most abundant flowering plants. Our analyses indicate that native bee α-diversity and bee-flower interactions positively responded to thinning treatments, and these effects were indirectly driven by canopy removal. We conclude that CFLRP treatments have conservation value for native bee communities. Further monitoring is warranted to evaluate the longevity of these effects.</p>
Dataset: Plant-mediated effects of fire and fragmentation drive plant–pollinator interaction β-diversity in fire-dependent pine savannas
<p>Interaction β-diversity is a measure essential for understanding and conserving species interactions and ecosystem functioning. Interaction β-diversity explains the variation in species interactions across spatial and temporal gradients, resulting from species turnover or interaction rewiring. Each component of interaction β-diversity has different ecological implications and practical consequences. While interaction β-diversity due to species turnover is related to assembly processes and fragmentation, rewiring can support high biodiversity and confer resilience to ecological networks. However, it is unclear whether both components respond to the same or different ecological drivers. Here, we assessed the ecological drivers of plant–pollinator interaction β-diversity and its components across 24 sites in 9 longleaf pine (LLP) savannas in north and central Florida. We evaluated the effects of flowering plant composition and flower abundance, vegetation, fire regime, soil moisture, terrain characteristics, climate, spatial context and geographic location. We used path analysis to evaluate the drivers of spatial interaction β-diversity and its main components. We then used generalized linear mixed models to assess the temporal patterns of spatial β-diversity among sites within preserves. We found that plant–pollinator networks in LLP savannas are highly variable across space and time, mainly due to species turnover and possibly in response to abiotic gradients and dispersal boundaries. Flower abundance and flowering plant composition, geographic location, fire seasonality, soil moisture, and landscape context were the main drivers of plant–pollinator β-diversity, highlighting the role of fire management and habitat connectivity in preserving plant–pollinator networks.</p>
A118G SNP and OPRM1 Gene Opioid-Mediated Effects in Humans
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02360371. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Effect of Inhibition of B7-mediated Costimulation on Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mild Atopic Asthmatics
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00784459. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Exploratory Study of the Effect of Omega-3-acid Ethyl Esters (TAK-085) on Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients With Hyperlipidemia by Flow Mediated Dilation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02824432. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effects of Internet-based Storytelling Programs in Reducing Mental Illness Stigma With Mediation by Interactivity and Stigma Content
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05333848. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of Olopatadine on Allergic Tear Mediators
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00609128. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Bee-associated fungi mediate effects of fungicides on bumble bees
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Data from: Shifts in species interactions and farming contexts mediate net effects of birds in agroecosystems
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Biodiversity components mediate the response to forest loss and the effect on ecological processes of plant-frugivore assemblages
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Compensatory growth partially mediates the effects of stressors associated with climate change on amphibian physiology
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Strength in numbers? Cytotype frequency mediates effect of reproductive barriers in mixed-ploidy arrays.
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Data from: The primacy of density-mediated indirect effects in a community of wolves, elk, and aspen
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The influence of successor's implicit power and explicit power on dual innovation-the mediating effect of board dissent
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Data from: Development time mediates the effect of larval diet on ageing and mating success of male antler flies in the wild
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.