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569 results for “morphological comparison”
Data from: Comparisons of quantitative approaches for assessing microglial morphology reveal inconsistencies, ecological fallacy, and a need for standardization
<p>Microglia morphology is used as a measure of neuroinflammation and pathology, but different methods to quantify microglia morphology are frequently employed across neuroscience. For reliable inference, it is critical that microglial morphology is accurately quantified and that results can be easily interpreted and compared across studies. We applied five of the most commonly used ImageJ-based methods for quantifying the microglial morphological response to a stimulus to identical photomicrographs and isolated microglial cells, which allowed for direct comparisons of the specificity and reliability of each method.</p>
Data supporting: Molecular, behavioural and morphological comparisons of sperm adaptations in a fish with alternative mating tactics
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Data from: Comparisons of quantitative approaches for assessing microglial morphology reveal inconsistencies, ecological fallacy, and a need for standardization
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FIGURE 2. Comparison A–B in Morphological and molecular description of a new genus and species of black coral (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipatharia: Antipathidae: Blastopathes) from Papua New Guinea
FIGURE 2. Comparison A–B, branching characteristics of Allopathes denhartogi and Blastopathes medusa (A from A. denhartogi holotype RMNH Coel. 31293, B from B. medusa holotype MTQ G74904); comparison C–D, spine characteristics of A. denhartogi and A. medusa (C from A. denhartogi schizoholotype USNM 1014577, D from B. medusa holotype MTQ G74904)
Data from: How species longevity, intraspecific morphological variation, and geographic range size are related: a comparison using late Cambrian trilobites
Phenotypic variation is fundamental to evolutionary change. Variation not only evinces the connectivity of populations but it is also associated with the adaptability and evolvability of taxa. Despite the potential importance of morphological variation in structuring evolutionary patterns, little is known about how relative differences in intraspecific morphological variation and its geographic structure are linked to differences in species longevity. This study offers a novel combination of analyses that reveal the quantitative relationships among intraspecific variation, geographic range size and duration in the fossil record using late Cambrian trilobites. Results show that geographic range size and duration are positively correlated. Surprisingly, longer lived species tend to have less intraspecific variation. Phylogenetic effects were also explored and found not to determine the association between these variables. However, the distribution of geographic range sizes shows strong phylogenetic signal. In light of previous work, one possible explanation for these results is that species with shorter durations have comparatively higher rates of morphological evolution, reflected in higher phenotypic variation overall.
Data from: Does thermal plasticity align with local adaptation? – An interspecific comparison of wing morphology in sepsid flies
Although genetic and plastic responses are sometimes considered as unrelated processes, their phenotypic effects may often align because genetic adaptation is expected to mirror phenotypic plasticity if adaptive, but run counter to it when maladaptive. The magnitude and direction of this alignment has further consequences for both the tempo and mode of adaptation. To better understand the interplay between phenotypic plasticity and genetic change in mediating adaptive phenotypic variation to climate variability, we here quantified genetic latitudinal variation and thermal plasticity in wing loading and wing shape in two closely related and widespread sepsid flies. Common garden rearing of 16 geographical populations reared across multiple temperatures revealed that wing loading decreases with latitude in both species. This pattern could be driven by selection for increased dispersal capacity in the cold. However, although allometry, sexual dimorphism, thermal plasticity and latitudinal differentiation in wing shape all show similar patterns in the two species, the relationship between the plastic and genetic response differed between them. While latitudinal differentiation (south to north) mirrored thermal plasticity (hot to cold) in Sepsis punctum, there was no relationship in Sepsis fulgens. While this suggests that thermal plasticity may have helped to mediate local adaptation in S. punctum, it also demonstrates that genetic wing shape differentiation and its relation to thermal plasticity may be complex and idiosyncratic, even among ecologically similar and closely related species. Hence, genetic responses can, but do not necessarily, align with phenotypic plasticity induced by changing environmental selection pressures.
FIGURES 13 in Revised status of Schinia unimacula Smith including morphological comparisons with Schinia obliqua Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae)
FIGURES 13. Collecting localities of Schinia obliqua (open squares) and S. unimacula (solid circles). Distribution of larval hosts of S. unimacula, Ericameria paniculata (dark shading) and E. nauseosa nauseosa (light shading).
FIGURES 712. Genitalia. 7 in Revised status of Schinia unimacula Smith including morphological comparisons with Schinia obliqua Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae)
FIGURES 712. Genitalia. 7, Schinia obliqua, m, Arizona, Pima Co., Redington, Genitalia slide USNM 46784, USNM ENT 143044. 8, aedoeagus of same specimen. 9, Schinia unimacula, m, Utah, Utah Co., Vineyard, Genitalia slide USNM 46782, USNM ENT 143124. 10, aedoeagus of same specimen. 11, Schinia obliqua, f, Arizona, Pima Co., Redington, Genitalia slide USNM 46785, USNM ENT 143052. 12, Schinia unimacula, f, Utah, Utah Co., Vineyard, Genitalia slide USNM 46783, USNM ENT 143127.
FIGURES 1-6. Adults. 1 in Revised status of Schinia unimacula Smith including morphological comparisons with Schinia obliqua Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae)
FIGURES 1-6. Adults. 1, Schinia obliqua, f, Arizona, Pima Co., Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 17 Aug. 1943, USNM ENT 143043. 2, Schinia obliqua, m, Arizona, Pima Co., Redington, USNM ENT 143050. 3, Schinia obliqua, m, New Mexico, Luna Co., Deming, 8-15 Sep., USNM ENT 143072. 4, Schinia unimacula, Lectotype m [designated by Todd], Colorado, Type No. 33719 USNM, USNM ENT 143255. 5, Holotype m, Schinia coolidgei Hill [synonym of S. unimacula], California, San Diego Co., Jacumba, 28 Sep. 1924, USNM ENT 143256. 6, Schinia unimacula, f, Washington, Bar, 10 Aug. 1940, USNM ENT 143116.
FIGURE 1 in Diaphorodoris alba Portmann & Sandmeier, 1960 is a valid species: molecular and morphological comparison with D. luteocincta (M. Sars, 1870) (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)
FIGURE 1. (A) Diaphorodoris luteocincta (M. Sars, 1870); Gulen Dive Centre, (60.957793°N, 5.128662°E) Norway, 12 m depth, March 2015, length: 10 mm. (B) D. alba Portmann & Sandmeier, 1960; Formiche di Grosseto, (42°35'49.8"N 10°52'58.0"E) Tuscany, Italy, 30 m depth, April 2012, length: 12 mm. Lateral view of D. luteocincta (C) and D. alba (D).
FIGURE 4 in Diaphorodoris alba Portmann & Sandmeier, 1960 is a valid species: molecular and morphological comparison with D. luteocincta (M. Sars, 1870) (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)
FIGURE 4. (A) The ABGD histogram of the COI barcoding region shows the distribution of the pairwise estimated genetic distances (K2p) in intraspecific (left, light grey) and interspecific (right, dark grey) comparisons. (B) COI haplotype network showing genetic mutations occurred within Diaphorodoris species and including the out group (C) The PhyloMap-PTP visualizes the results obtained by the PTP analysis (COI) with each circle in the plot representing taxa with different species colored differently. Numbers at circles indicate the Bayesian support values of the species hypothesis. (D) 2D/3D folding analysis of the variable region L9 of the 16S RNA molecules of D. alba and D. luteocincta respectively. The * symbol indicates the diagnostic nucleotide substitutions.
FIGURE 3 in Diaphorodoris alba Portmann & Sandmeier, 1960 is a valid species: molecular and morphological comparison with D. luteocincta (M. Sars, 1870) (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)
FIGURE 3. Reproductive systems of (A, B) D. alba and (C, D) D. luteocincta. Scale bar: 1 mm. Abbreviations: am=ampulla, bc=bursa copulatrix, dd=deferent duct, pn=penial sheath, pr=prostate, sr=seminal receptacle, v=vagina.
FIGURE 3. S8 in Revision of the Panurgus dargius Warncke, 1972 interpretation (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), comparison with the morphologically close species
FIGURE 3. S8 apex: a. ventrally tetrahedroid shaped in Panurgus cephalotes; b. triangular dorsal section of the top in Panurgus cephalotes; c. blade S8 top in Panurgus dargius; d. subelliptic section of the S8 top in Panurgus dargius. Same scale as Fig. 1.
FIGURE 4 in Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP
FIGURE 4. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. A = praeclitellar segments (½ X – ½ XII) (sperm funnels marked with arrows, B = Photograph of bursal slits (marked with arrows) of the male copulatory organs, C = Photograph of the subneural gland in XIV (marked with arrow).
FIGURE 3 in Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP
FIGURE 3. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. Photograph of the clitellar glands (dorsal view).
FIGURE 1 in Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP
FIGURE 1. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. A = setal bundles of a praeclitellar segment (lateroventral view), B = Photograph of the cutaneous glands of a praeclitellar segment (dorsal view), C = Photograph of the head (head pore marked with arrows), D = Photograph of the head (brain marked with arrows), E = Photograph of the coelomocytes. Each photograph is sized with a black line representing 50 μm length.
FIGURE 6 in Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP
FIGURE 6. The gel image BsuRI of restriction digestion. The numbering of samples corresponds with the number in Table 1. The character M nominates the molecular marker, the length of fragments are represented on the left side of the photo (also by Fig. 7–10).
FIGURE 5 in Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP
FIGURE 5. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. A = Photograph of the spermatheca. (the diverticle fill with sperm around the ampulla marked with black arrows, the ectal duct with white arrows, ectal gland with asterisk, B = Photograph of the opening of spermathecal ectal duct (glands marked with black arrows, duct with white arrow), C = Photograph of the opening of spermathecal ectal duct three glands marked with black arrows, duct with white arrow).
FIGURE 6. A in Larval morphology and biology of three European species of Megastigmus (Hymenoptera, Torymidae, Megastigminae) parasitoids of gall wasps, including a comparison with the larvae of two seed-infesting species
FIGURE 6. A. Cross section of a gall of Andricus kollari showing a larva of M. dorsalis in a secondary cell of the inquiline Synergus umbraculus, and the central cell occupied by the larva of M. stigmatizans. B. Larva of M. dorsalis in a peripheral cell of a gall of A. kollari. C. Larva of M. dorsalis in a gall of Andricus grossulariae (sexual gen.). D. Crosssection of a gall of Plagiotrochus kiefferianus with larvae of M. dumicola E. Larva of M. stigmatizans. F. Detail of head of the larva of M. stigmatizans. G. Cross section of a gall of A. kollari showing the central cell with a larva of M. stigmatizans. H. A seed inside a hip of Rosa sp., attacked by a larva of M. aculeatus.
FIGURE 5 in Larval morphology and biology of three European species of Megastigmus (Hymenoptera, Torymidae, Megastigminae) parasitoids of gall wasps, including a comparison with the larvae of two seed-infesting species
FIGURE 5. Mandibles of the final-instar larvae of Megastigmus. A. M. dorsalis, left mandible anterior view. B. M. dorsalis left mandible, posterior view. C. M. pistaciae, right mandible, posterior view D. M. dumicola, left mandible, anterior view E. M. dumicola, right mandible, anterior view. F. M. aculeatus, right mandible, posterior view G. M. stigmatizans, left mandible, anterior view. H. M. stigmatizans, right mandible, anterior view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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