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FIGURE 4 Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Longidorus. Bayesian 50 in Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

FIGURE 4 Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Longidorus. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CoxI) mtDNA gene sequence alignment under the general time-reversible model of sequence evolution with correction for invariable sites and a gammashaped distribution (GTR + I + G). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.70 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.

FIGURE 6 in Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

FIGURE 6 Light micrographs of Longidorus iliturgiensis, sp. nov. (A)–(D) Anterior regions. (E) Vulval region. (F)–(I) Female tails. (J)–(M) First-, second-, third-, and fourth-stage juvenile (J1–J4) tails, respectively. (N)–(O) Male tail. Abbreviations: a = anus; af = amphidial fovea; spl = ventromedian supplements; v = vulva. Scale bars (A)–(C), (E)–(O) = 20 μm; (D) = 10 μm

FIGURE 5 in Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

FIGURE 5 Line drawings of Longidorus iliturgiensis, sp. nov. paratypes. (A) Female neck region. (B) and (C) Female lip regions. (D) and (E) Female tails. (F) Male tail. (G) First-stage juvenile tail

FIGURE 3 Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Longidorus. Bayesian 50 in Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

FIGURE 3 Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Longidorus. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequence alignment under a transitional model with invariable sites and a gamma correction (TIM 2 + I + G). Posterior probabilities greater Downloaded than 0.70 from are Brill given.comfor08/29/ appropriate 2023 05:44:51PM clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changesvia per site free. access

FIGURE 1 Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Longidorus. Bayesian 50 in Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

FIGURE 1 Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Longidorus. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from D2 and D3 expansion domains of 28S rRNA sequence alignment under an SYM model with invariable sites and a gamma-shaped distribution (SYM + I + G). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.70 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site. ** = Branches collapsed, indicating clustered Longidorus species. For a more specific detail of collapsed clades, see supplementary fig. S1.

FIGURE 2 Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Longidorus. Bayesian 50 in Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

FIGURE 2 Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Longidorus. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from ITS1 rRNA sequence alignment under a 3-parameter model with invariable sites and a gamma-shaped distribution (TPM3 µf + I + G). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.70 are given for appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequences in this study are shown in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site. Downloaded from Brill.com08/29/2023 05:44:51PM via free access

FIGURE 8 in Diversity and fossil record of larvae of three groups of lacewings with unusual ecology and functional morphology: Ithonidae, Coniopterygidae and Sisyridae

FIGURE 8. Comparison of the two beak larvae to a larva of Coniopterygidae. A. Larva (specimen 6802) from Haug et al. (2020b). B. New beak larva (specimen 6803, based on Figure 5B). C. Larva of Aleuropteryx loewi (based on several figures from Rousset, 1966).

FIGURE 6 in Diversity and fossil record of larvae of three groups of lacewings with unusual ecology and functional morphology: Ithonidae, Coniopterygidae and Sisyridae

FIGURE 6. Additional specimens of larvae of Sisyridae preserved in Baltic amber. Images kindly provided by Jonas Damzen (JD) and Marius Veta (RMV). A. JD 6345, specimen 6503, in ventral view, 3.5 mm long. B, C. RMV 2380, specimen 6504, 3 mm long. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view. D, E. JD 4198, specimen 6505, 4 mm long. D. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. F, G. RMV 2793, specimen 6506, 2 mm long. F. Left lateral view. G. Right lateral view. H, I. RMV 2794, specimen 6507, 3.2 mm long. H. Lateral view. I. Dorsal view.

FIGURE 7 in Diversity and fossil record of larvae of three groups of lacewings with unusual ecology and functional morphology: Ithonidae, Coniopterygidae and Sisyridae

FIGURE 7. Scatterplot of PC2 vs. PC1. Note how the two beak larvae (specimens 6802 + 6803) plot together with larvae of Coniopterygidae.

FIGURE 4 in Diversity and fossil record of larvae of three groups of lacewings with unusual ecology and functional morphology: Ithonidae, Coniopterygidae and Sisyridae

FIGURE 4. Fossil larva, "beak larva" type 2, from Myanmar amber, PED 0596, specimen 6803. A. Dorsal view; posterior part not well accessible. B. Colour-marked version of A. Abbreviations: 1t = trunk appendage 1; at = antenna; hc = head capsule; ms = mesothorax; pl = palp; pt = prothorax.

FIGURE 5 in Diversity and fossil record of larvae of three groups of lacewings with unusual ecology and functional morphology: Ithonidae, Coniopterygidae and Sisyridae

FIGURE 5. Fossil larva, "beak larva" type 2, from Myanmar amber, PED 0596, specimen 6803, continued. A. Ventral view; details not well accessible; posterior end not inside the amber. B. Close-up on head in dorsal view. C. Close up on trunk appendage 1 in dorsal view. D. Same as C; estimated outline of appendage, visible through tergite outlined in red. Abbreviations: at = antenna; "b" = beak; pl = palp.

FIGURE 3 in Diversity and fossil record of larvae of three groups of lacewings with unusual ecology and functional morphology: Ithonidae, Coniopterygidae and Sisyridae

FIGURE 3. Fossil larva of Sisyridae from Baltic amber, CCGG 7122, specimen 6502. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Colour-marked version of B. D. Close-up of head in dorsal view. E. Colour-marked version of D. F. Close-up on gills. G. Close-up on trunk end. Abbreviations: at = antenna; hc = head capsule; ms = mesothorax; mt = metathorax; pt = prothorax; sy = stylet.

FIGURE 1 in Diversity and fossil record of larvae of three groups of lacewings with unusual ecology and functional morphology: Ithonidae, Coniopterygidae and Sisyridae

FIGURE 1. Fossil larva of Coniopterygidae from Baltic amber, CCHH 540-1, specimen 6301. A. Ventral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Colour-marked version of B. D. Close-up of head in dorsal view. E. Close-up of head in ventral view. F. Close-up on right hind leg; arrows mark claws. G. Close-up of hind leg; arrows mark claws. Abbreviations: a1–a8 = abdomen segment 1–8; at = antenna; cx = coxa; e1–3 = element 1–3; fe = femur; hc = head capsule; lp = labial palp; ms = mesothorax; mt = metathorax; pt = prothorax; st = stemmata; ta = tarsus; te = trunk end; ti = tibia; tr = trochanter.

FIGURE 2 in Diversity and fossil record of larvae of three groups of lacewings with unusual ecology and functional morphology: Ithonidae, Coniopterygidae and Sisyridae

FIGURE 2. Fossil larva of Sisyridae from Baltic amber, CCGG 1383, specimen 6501. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Colour-marked version of B. D. Close-up of head in dorsal view. E. Colour-marked version of D; arrows mark stemmata. F. Close-up on gills. G. Close-up on processes on trunk segments. Abbreviations: a3–a7 = abdomen segment 3–7; at = antenna; gi = gills; hc = head capsule; ms = mesothorax; mt = metathorax; pt = prothorax; sy = stylet; te = trunk end.

FIG. 12 in Fifty shades of white: morphological and molecular diversity of the Cadlina laevis species complex (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) in the North-West Pacific

FIG. 12. Penial morphology in Cadlina spp. A. Cadlina sp. 3, MIMB47975. B. Cadlina umiushi, MIMB47996. C. Cadlina laevis, MIMB47963. Scale bars: A, C = 100 µm; A', B' = 50 µm; C = 200 µm; C' = 20 µm. РИС. 12. МорфологиЯ пениса Cadlina spp. A. Cadlina sp. 3, MIMB47975. B. Cadlina umiushi, MIMB47996. C. Cadlina laevis, MIMB47963. Масштабные линейки: A, C = 100 мкм; A', B' = 50 мкм; C = 200 мкм; C' = 20 мкм.

FIG. 11 in Fifty shades of white: morphological and molecular diversity of the Cadlina laevis species complex (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) in the North-West Pacific

FIG. 11. Configuration of male and female reproductive organs in Cadlina spp., female gland mass removed. A. Cadlina laevis, MIMB47963. B. Cadlina umiushi, MIMB47996. C. Cadlina sp. 3, MIMB47975. D. Cadlina sp. 4, MIMB47978. E. Cadlina sp. 1, MIMB47971. F. Cadlina sp. 7, MIMB47981. G. Cadlina sp. 6, MIMB47980. Abbreviations: amp = ampulla; bc = bursa copulatrix; ps = penial sheath; pvd = prostatic vas deferens; rs = receptaculum seminis; va = vagina. Scale bar: 1 mm. РИС. 11. МорфологиЯ муЖских и Женских репродуктивных органов Cadlina spp., комплекс Женских ЖелеЗ удален. A. Cadlina laevis, MIMB47963. B. Cadlina umiushi, MIMB47996. C. Cadlina sp. 3, MIMB47975. D. Cadlina sp. 4, MIMB47978. E. Cadlina sp. 1, MIMB47971. F. Cadlina sp. 7, MIMB47981. G. Cadlina sp. 6, MIMB47980. СокраЩениЯ: amp = ампулла; bc = копулЯтивнаЯ сумка; ps = мешок пениса; pvd = простатический семЯпровод; rs = семЯприемник; va = вагина. МасштабнаЯ линейка: 1 мм.

FIG. 10 in Fifty shades of white: morphological and molecular diversity of the Cadlina laevis species complex (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) in the North-West Pacific

FIG. 10. Buccal armature of Cadlina umiushi from the Sea of Japan (SEM). A. MIMB47995, radula. B. MIMB47995, anterior radular portion, rachidian and inner lateral teeth. C. MIMB47995, outer lateral teeth. D. MIMB47995, radula on odontophore. E. MIMB47995, labial cuticle. F. MIMB47995, labial cuticle elements. G. MIMB47996, radula. H. MIMB47996, rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. I. MIMB47996, outer lateral teeth. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B, C, I = 50 µm; D, E, G = 200 µm; F = 10 µm; H = 20 µm. РИС. 10. Буккальное вооруЖение Cadlina umiushi иЗ Японского морЯ (СЭМ). А. MIMB47995, радула. B. MIMB47995, переднЯЯ часть радулы, центральные и внутренние латеральные Зубы. С. MIMB47995, внешние латеральные Зубы. D. MIMB47995, радула на одонтофоре. Е. MIMB47995, лабиальнаЯ кутикула. F. MIMB47995, Элементы лабиальной кутикулы. G. MIMB47996, радула. H. MIMB47996, центральные и внутренние латеральные Зубы. I. MIMB47996, внешние латеральные Зубы. Масштабные линейки: A = 500 мкм; B, C, I = 50 мкм; D, E, G = 200 мкм; F = 10 мкм; Н = 20 мкм.

FIG. 9 in Fifty shades of white: morphological and molecular diversity of the Cadlina laevis species complex (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) in the North-West Pacific

FIG. 9. Buccal armature of Cadlina sp. 6 (MIMB47980, Shikotan Is., Sea of Okhotsk) and Cadlina sp. 5 (MIMB47979, Iturup Is., Sea of Okhotsk) (SEM). A. Cadlina sp. 6, anterior radular portion. B. Cadlina sp. 6, rachidian and inner lateral teeth. C. Cadlina sp. 6, rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. D. Cadlina sp. 6, middle radular portion. E. Cadlina sp. 6, outer lateral teeth. F. Cadlina sp. 6, rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. G. Cadlina sp. 6, radula on odontophore. H. Cadlina sp. 6, labial cuticle. I. Cadlina sp. 6, labial cuticle elements. J. Cadlina sp. 5, radula. K. Cadlina sp. 5, rachidian and inner lateral teeth. L. Cadlina sp. 5, rachidian teeth. M. Cadlina sp. 5, outer lateral teeth. N. Cadlina sp. 5, radula on odontophore. O. Cadlina sp. 5, labial cuticle. P. Cadlina sp. 5, labial cuticle rodlets. Scale bars: A, N, O = 100 µm; B, E, M = 50 µm; C, F, I, L = 10 µm; D, G, H, J = 200 µm; K, P = 20 µm. РИС. 9. Буккальное вооруЖение Cadlina sp. 6 (MIMB47980, о. Шикотан, Охотское море) и Cadlina sp. 5 (MIMB47979, о. Итуруп, Охотское море) (СЭМ). A. Cadlina sp. 6, переднЯЯ часть радулы. B. Cadlina sp. 6, центральные и внутренние латеральные Зубы. C. Cadlina sp. 6, центральные и внутренние латеральные Зубы. D. Cadlina sp. 6, среднЯЯ часть радулы. E. Cadlina sp. 6, внешние латеральные Зубы. F. Cadlina sp. 6, центральные и внутренние латеральные Зубы. G. Cadlina sp. 6, радула на одонтофоре. H. Cadlina sp. 6, лабиальнаЯ кутикула. I. Cadlina sp. 6, Элементы лабиальной кутикулы. J. Cadlina sp. 5, радула. К. Cadlina sp. 5, центральные и внутренние латеральные Зубы. L. Cadlina sp. 5, центральные Зубы. М. Cadlina sp. 5, внешние латеральные Зубы. N. Cadlina sp. 5, радула на одонтофоре. О. Cadlina sp. 5, лабиальнаЯ кутикула. P. Cadlina sp. 5, Элементы лабиальной кутикулы. Масштабные линейки: A, N, O = 100 мкм; B, E, M = 50 мкм; C, F, I, L = 10 мкм; D, G, H, J = 200 мкм; К, Р = 20 мкм.

FIG. 8 in Fifty shades of white: morphological and molecular diversity of the Cadlina laevis species complex (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) in the North-West Pacific

FIG. 8. Buccal armature of Cadlina sp. 7 (MIMB47981, Sea of Japan) and Cadlina sp. 4 (MIMB47978, Sea of Japan) (SEM). А. Cadlina sp. 7, radula. B. Cadlina sp. 7, anterior radular portion, rachidian and inner lateral teeth. C. Cadlina sp. 7, outer lateral teeth. D. Cadlina sp. 7, rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. E. Cadlina sp. 4, radula. F. Cadlina sp. 4, anterior radular portion, rachidian and inner lateral teeth. G. Cadlina sp. 4, rachidian and innoermost lateral teeth. H. Cadlina sp. 4, outer lateral teeth. I. Cadlina sp. 4, labial cuticle rodlets. Scale bars: A = 300 µm; B, F = 100 µm; C = 30 µm; D = 10 µm; E = 400 µm; G, I = 20 µm; H = 50 µm. РИС. 8. Буккальное вооруЖение Cadlina sp. 7 (MIMB47981, Японское море) и Cadlina sp. 4 (MIMB47978, Японское море) (СЭМ). А. Cadlina sp. 7, радула. B. Cadlina sp. 7, переднЯЯ часть радулы, центральные и внутренние латеральные Зубы. C. Cadlina sp. 7, наруЖные латеральные Зубы. D. Cadlina sp. 7, центральные и внутренние латеральные Зубы. Е. Cadlina sp. 4, радула. F. Cadlina sp. 4, переднЯЯ часть радулы, центральные и внутренние латеральные Зубы. G. Cadlina sp. 4, переднЯЯ часть радулы, центральные и внутренние латеральные Зубы. H. Cadlina sp. 4, внешние латеральные Зубы. I. Cadlina sp. 4, Элементы лабиальной кутикулы. Масштабные линейки: A = 300 мкм; B, F = 100 мкм; С = 30 мкм; D = 10 мкм; Е = 400 мкм; G, I = 20 мкм; Н = 50 мкм.

FIG. 7 in Fifty shades of white: morphological and molecular diversity of the Cadlina laevis species complex (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) in the North-West Pacific

FIG. 7. Buccal armature of Cadlina sp. 3 from the Sea of Japan (SEM). A. MIMB47975, radula. B. MIMB47975, anterior radular portion, rachidian and inner lateral teeth. C. MIMB47975, anterior radular portion, outer lateral teeth. D. MIMB47976, radula. E. MIMB47976, anterior radular portion, rachidian and inner lateral teeth. F. MIMB47976, anterior radular portion, outer lateral teeth. G. MIMB47976, odontophore with radula. H. MIMB47976, labial cuticle. I. MIMB47976, labial cuticle rodlets. J. MIMB47973, anterior radular portion, rachidian and inner lateral teeth. K. MIMB47973, anterior radular portion, outer lateral teeth. L. MIMB47973, labial cuticle rodlets. Scale bars: A, D, H = 500 µm; B, C, F, J = 50 µm; E = 100 µm; G = 200 µm; I, L = 10 µm; K = 20 µm. РИС. 7. Буккальное вооруЖение Cadlina sp. 3 иЗ Японского морЯ (SEM). А. MIMB47975, радула. B. MIMB47975, переднЯЯ часть радулы, центральные и внутренние латеральные Зубы. С. MIMB47975, переднЯЯ часть радулы, внешние латеральные Зубы. D. MIMB47976, радула. Е. MIMB47976, переднЯЯ часть радулы, центральные и внутренние латеральные Зубы. F. MIMB47976, переднЯЯ часть радулы, внешние латеральные Зубы. G. MIMB47976, одонтофор с радулой. Н. MIMB47976, лабиальнаЯ кутикула. I. MIMB47976, Элементы лабиальной кутикулы. J. MIMB47973, переднЯЯ часть радулы, центральные и внутренние латеральные Зубы. К. MIMB47973, переднЯЯ часть радулы, внешние латеральные Зубы. L. MIMB47973, Элементы лабиальной кутикулы. Масштабные линейки: A, D, H = 500 мкм; B, C, F, J = 50 мкм; Е = 100 мкм; G = 200 мкм; I, L = 10 мкм; К = 20 мкм.