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FIGURES 26–33 in Gomphosphenia vallei (Bacillariophyta), a new diatom species from a stream in the "Réserve Naturelle Nationale de la Vallée de Chaudefour", Massif Central (France)

FIGURES 26–33. SEM images of Gomphosphenia vallei. Type populationfrom Pérouse Stream.26–30:External view of entire valve showing the raphe structure and the striae.31: Internalview of an entire valve showing the raphe structure and the striae:32–33:Girdle view of the frustule. Scale bar = 5 μm (Figs 29–31), 4 µm (Figs 27, 32), 3 µm (Figs 26, 33) and 2 µm (Fig. 28).

FIGURES 74–77 in Cymbelloid diatoms from the River Adegoy, Krasnodar Territory, Russia, with a description of a new species Delicatophycus porosus sp. nov. (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyta)

FIGURES 74–77. Delicatophycus porosus sp. nov. SEM, type material, sample MW-D 501. Internal view of valve apices and APFs. Distal raphe fissures terminate with helictoglossae (white arrows); dorsal APF sections (white arrowheads) smaller than ventral (black arrowheads) and covered by convex tubercle. Scale bars = 0.5 µm (Figs 74, 76, 77), 1 µm (Fig. 75).

FIGURES 68–73 in Cymbelloid diatoms from the River Adegoy, Krasnodar Territory, Russia, with a description of a new species Delicatophycus porosus sp. nov. (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyta)

FIGURES 68–73. Delicatophycus porosus sp. nov. SEM, type material, sample MW-D 501. Internal valve surface. 68–70. Internal view of entire valves. 71–73. Inner valve center, note dorsally curved flap (71–73, white arrows); irregular central area bordered by shortened dorsal striae (72–73, black arrowheads); slit-like areolae openings with adjacent marginal stubs (71–73, white arrowheads). Scale bars = 2 µm (Figs 68–70), 1 µm (Figs 71–73).

FIGURES 62–67 in Cymbelloid diatoms from the River Adegoy, Krasnodar Territory, Russia, with a description of a new species Delicatophycus porosus sp. nov. (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyta)

FIGURES 62–67. Delicatophycus porosus sp. nov. SEM, type material, sample MW-D 501. External valve surface. 62–64. Entire valve. 65–67. Details of Fig. 62, note central area slightly widened dorsally (65); small notch on the dorsal side of each terminal fissure (66–67, white arrows); APFs divided by terminal fissures into two unequal sections, dorsal (66–67, white arrowheads) much smaller than ventral (66–67, black arrowheads). Scale bars = 5 µm (Figs 62–63), 2 µm (Fig. 64), 1 µm (Figs 65–67).

FIGURES 16–45. 16–17 in Cymbelloid diatoms from the River Adegoy, Krasnodar Territory, Russia, with a description of a new species Delicatophycus porosus sp. nov. (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyta)

FIGURES 16–45. 16–17. Cymbopleura lata, LM, slide MW-D 510s1. 18. Cymbopleura naviculiformis, LM, slide MW-D 509s1. 19–20. Cymbopleura amphicephala (Morphotype 2), LM, slide MW-D 507s1. 21–22. Cymbopleura amphicephala (Morphotype 1), LM, slide MW-D 502s1. 23. Cymbopleura kuelbsii, LM, slide MW-D 509s1. 24–25. Encyonema ventricosum, LM, slide MW-D 502s1. 26–27. Encyonema cf. semilanceolatum, LM, slide MW-D 510s1. 28–30. Encyonopsis cesatii, LM, slide MW-D 502s1. 31–32. Encyonopsis sp., LM, slide MW-D 501s1. 33–35. Encyonopsis minuta, LM, slide MW-D 510s1. 36–37. Cymbopleura subaequalis, LM, slide MW-D 509s1. 38–39. Encyonema cespitosum, LM, slide MW-D 509s1. 40–42. Encyonema silesiacum, LM, slide MW-D 502s1. 43. Encyonema cf. simile LM, slide MW-D 507s1. 44. Reimeria uniseriata, LM, slide MW-D 509s1. 45. Encyonema leibleinii, LM, slide MW-D 506s1. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 1–15. 1–3 in Cymbelloid diatoms from the River Adegoy, Krasnodar Territory, Russia, with a description of a new species Delicatophycus porosus sp. nov. (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyta)

FIGURES 1–15. 1–3. Cymbella compacta, LM, slide MW-D 502s1. 4–5. Cymbella cymbiformis, LM, slide MW-D 502s1. 6. Cymbella subleptoceros, LM, slide MW-D 506s1. 7–8. Cymbella affinis, LM, slide MW-D 501s1. 9–10. Cymbella neocistula, LM, slide MW-D 502s1. 11–12. Cymbella vulgata, LM, slide MW-D 501s1. 13–14. Cymbella tumidula, LM, slide MW-D 501s1. 15. Cymbella neolanceolata, LM, slide MW-D 506s1. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 8–15 in Pinnularia dongzhenensis sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from Dongzhen Reservoir, Fujian Province, China

FIGURES 8–15. Pinnularia dongzhenensis sp. nov., SEM external views of P. dongzhenensis sp. nov.. 8, 9. General view of valve. 10, 11. Central area showing proximal raphe fissures bent in the same direction. 12, 13. Details of alveoli with rows of rounded areolae. 14, 15. Detail of the sickle–shaped raphe fissure at pole, and each alveolus with rows of rounded areolae. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 8, 9), 2 μm (Figs 10–15).

FIGURES 1–7 in Pinnularia dongzhenensis sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from Dongzhen Reservoir, Fujian Province, China

FIGURES 1–7. LM micrographs of the type population of Pinnularia dongzhenensis from Dongzhen Reservoir. Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 42–46. SEM micrographs. 42–43. Planothidium frequentissimum. 42. Internal valve view showing the roundish cavum with the narrow opening. 43 in A new species of an unexplored diatom genus: Gomphosphenia minima sp. nov. (Cymbellales, Rhoicospheniaceae)

FIGURES 42–46. SEM micrographs. 42–43. Planothidium frequentissimum. 42. Internal valve view showing the roundish cavum with the narrow opening. 43. External view showing the striae composed of three rows of small rounded areolae, and straight raphe branches with expanded drop–like proximal raphe endings. 44–45. Sellaphora nigri. 44. External valve view showing the bow tie-shaped central area and the 'tear-drop' shaped proximal ends of the raphe. 45. External valve view showing the areoles closest to the raphe being larger and slightly angular, square or nearly rounded, while the marginal areoles become smaller and more circular. 46. Eunotia minor, girdle view. Scale bar = 3 µm.

FIGURES 20–26 in A new species of an unexplored diatom genus: Gomphosphenia minima sp. nov. (Cymbellales, Rhoicospheniaceae)

FIGURES 20–26. SEM micrographs of Gomphosphenia minima C. Delgado, S. Blanco, L. González-Paz & S.F.P. Almeida sp. nov. 20. Internal valve view showing the raphe ending and the transapical uniseriate striae. 21. External view of the central area showing the raphe ending slightly expanded into drop-like pores. 22. Internal view of the central area showing the raphe ending curved to one side. 23. External view of the valve showing the striae composed of a single areola. 24. Girdle view of the entire frustule showing the mantle striae composed by row of individual pores (elongated in the pervalvar direction). 25. External valve showing the narrowly rounded headpole. 26. External valve showing the narrowly rounded footpole. Scale bar = 1 μm (Figs 20–26).

FIGURES 2–19 in A new species of an unexplored diatom genus: Gomphosphenia minima sp. nov. (Cymbellales, Rhoicospheniaceae)

FIGURES 2–19. LM micrographs. 2–7. Gomphosphenia minima C. Delgado, S. Blanco, L. González-Paz & S.F.P. Almeida sp. nov. 8–15. Planothidium lanceolatum. 16–19. Planothidium frequentissimum. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of an unexplored diatom genus: Gomphosphenia minima sp. nov. (Cymbellales, Rhoicospheniaceae)

FIGURE 1. Map of Portugal with the municipality of Coimbra highlighted in grey. Location of the study stream (grey circle) in Candal stream, Lousã Mountain, Central Portugal.

FIGURES 20–38. Associated diatom flora. Figs 20–21, 33 in A new diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from Indonesian urban areas, description of Microcostatus labrisicus sp. nov.

FIGURES 20–38. Associated diatom flora. Figs 20–21, 33. Eunotia isabelensis Lange-Bertalot, Bąk & Kociolek. Fig. 22. Microcostatus stapputana Lange-Bertalot & Wydrzycka. Figs 22–23, 35–36. Placoneis geitleri (Hustedt) Vishnjakov. Figs 25–27, 34. Humidophila contenta (Grunow) Lowe et al. Figs 29–31, 37, 38. Luticola muticoides (Hustedt) D.G. Mann. Fig. 32. Luticola sp. Scale bar represents 10 µm (Figs 1–13), 5 µm (Figs 16, 17, 19), 3 µm (Fig. 15), 2 µm (Fig. 18).

FIGURES 1–19 in A new diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from Indonesian urban areas, description of Microcostatus labrisicus sp. nov.

FIGURES 1–19. Microcostatus labrisicus sp. nov. Figs 1–13. Light micrographs of the holotype population, fig. 7 represents the holotype specimen. Figs 14–17. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of external view. Fig. 14. External view of the entire valve. Fig. 15. External detail of the central area and central parts of longitudinal depressions. Figs 16–17. External detail of the distal raphe endings and microcostae. Fig. 18. Internal detail of the central area and proximal raphe endings. Fig. 19. Internal valve view. Scale barrepresents 5 µm (Figs 1–13), 4 µm (Fig. 14), 3 µm (Fig. 19), 1 µm (Figs 15–18).

FIGURES 22–27 in Descriptions of three new diatom species in the genus Eunotia (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Eocene Arctic

FIGURES 22–27. SEM micrographs of Eunotia petasum sp. nov. from the Giraffe Pipe fossil locality. 22. Dorsal view of a frustule showing the continuation of the striae from the valve face onto the mantle. 23. Ventral view of a valve depicting the raphe and reduced striae, often consisting of only 1–2 pores. 24. Interior view of a valve showing the continuation of the striae from the dorsal mantle onto the valve face. Striae on the ventral mantle are often reduced to random pores. 25. Exterior view of a valve depicting the narrow and protracted end and the distal raphe fissure. 26, 27. Internal views showing the striae, the open nature of the pores, the protracted apex, and the small rounded helictoglossa. Scale bars = 5 µm (Figs 22–26), 10 µm (Fig. 27).

FIGURES 15–21 in Descriptions of three new diatom species in the genus Eunotia (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Eocene Arctic

FIGURES 15–21. LM Micrographs of Eunotia petasum sp. nov. from the Giraffe Pipe fossil locality. Figure 17 is the type specimen circled on slide "GP 15-3-75D, LM5" (CANA 129308). Figure 21 corresponds to the isotype specimen circled on slide "GP 15-3-75 LM4" in P. Siver's collection. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 9–14 in Descriptions of three new diatom species in the genus Eunotia (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Eocene Arctic

FIGURES 9–14. SEM micrographs of Eunotia giraffensis sp. nov. from the Giraffe Pipe fossil locality. 9, 11. Close-ups of the end of a valve face showing the straight distal raphe end and the closer-spaced striae at the valve apex. 10, 12. Internal views of the helictoglossa and distal raphe end. Note the extended hyaline region surrounding the helictoglossa, thickened margin of the valve around the apex, densely-spaced striae on the mantle below the raphe, and the presence of a rimoportula. 13, 14. Girdle views of the ventral mantle depicting the position of the raphe, hyaline region surrounding the raphe, and the densely-spaced striae on the mantle below the raphe. Scale bars = 2 µm (Figs 9–12, 14), 3 µm (Fig. 13).

FIGURES 1–8 in Descriptions of three new diatom species in the genus Eunotia (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Eocene Arctic

FIGURES 1–8. LM micrographs of Eunotia giraffensis sp. nov. from the Giraffe Pipe fossil locality. Figure 5 is the isotype specimen circled on slide "GP 16-3-42 C" in P. Siver's collection. Figure 7 corresponds to the type specimen circled on slide "GP 16-3-42 B" (CANA 129307). Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 36–41 in Descriptions of three new diatom species in the genus Eunotia (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Eocene Arctic

FIGURES 36–41. SEM micrographs of Eunotia pseudonaegelii sp. nov. from the Giraffe Pipe fossil locality. 36, 38, 40. Exterior views of the end of a valve showing the position of the distal raphe end that extends only a short distance onto the valve face. Note the small spines along the dorsal margin and apex. 37, 39. Internal views of the distal raphe end, helictoglossa and position of the well-developed rimoportula. Note the shallow depth of the mantle. 41. Internal view depicting continuation of the striae on the valve face onto both the ventral mantle and the dorsal mantle. Note the spines along the dorsal valve margin. Scale bars = 2 µm (Figs 36–39, 41), 3 µm (Fig. 40).

FIGURES 28–35 in Descriptions of three new diatom species in the genus Eunotia (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Eocene Arctic

FIGURES 28–35. LM micrographs of Eunotia pseudonaegelii sp. nov. from the Giraffe Pipe fossil locality. Figure 31 corresponds to the type specimen circled on slide "GP 16-3-42E" (CANA 129309). Scale bar = 10 µm.