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74 results for “niche divergence”
Data from: Ecological explanations to island gigantism: dietary niche divergence, predation and size in an endemic lizard
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Data from: Complex trait divergence contributes to environmental niche differentiation in ecological speciation of Boechera stricta
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Data from: Niche divergence promotes rapid diversification of East African sky island white-eyes (Aves: Zosteropidae)
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Polygenic selection within a single generation leads to subtle divergence among ecological niches
<p>Selection on standing genetic variation may be effective enough to allow for adaptation to distinct niche environments within a single generation. Minor allele frequency changes at multiple, redundant loci of small effect can produce remarkable phenotypic shifts. Yet, demonstrating rapid adaptation via polygenic selection in the wild remains challenging. Here we harness natural replicate populations that experience similar selection pressures and harbor high within-, yet negligible among-population genetic variation. Such populations can be found among the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus which inhabits marine estuaries characterized by high environmental heterogeneity. We identify 10,861 single nucleotide polymorphisms in F. heteroclitus that belong to a single, panmictic population yet reside in environmentally distinct niches (one coastal basin and three replicate tidal ponds). By sampling at two time-points within a single generation we quantify both allele frequency change within as well as spatial divergence among niche subpopulations. We observe few individually significant allele frequency changes yet find that the number of moderate changes exceeds the neutral expectation by 10-100%. We find allele frequency changes to be significantly concordant in both direction and magnitude among all niche subpopulations, suggestive of parallel selection. In addition, within-generation allele frequency changes generate subtle but significant divergence among niches, indicative of local adaptation. Although we cannot distinguish between selection and genotype-dependent migration as drivers of within-generation allele frequency changes, the trait/s determining fitness and/or migration likelihood appear to be polygenic. In heterogeneous environments, polygenic selection and polygenic, genotype-dependent migration offer conceivable mechanisms for within-generation, local adaptation to distinct niches.</p>
Data from: Divergent evolution and niche differentiation within the common peatmoss Sphagnum magellanicum
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Populations with phenotypic polymorphism in discrete characters may be good models for investigating genome evolution and speciation. Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. is found throughout the northern hemisphere, and despite considerable variation in morphological characters, it is considered one of the least taxonomically controversial peatmoss species. We have observed two main morphs of the species associated with different microhabitats. Here we investigated the genomic and environmental basis of this intraspecific morphological variation. METHODS: We conducted transplant and common garden experiments to test whether the two morphs are genetically differentiated. We then used RAD-sequencing to quantify the genomic divergence between the morphs and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to infer the most likely demographic scenario explaining the genome-wide differentiation of the two morphs. KEY RESULTS: We found that genomic differentiation between the two morphs is unexpectedly high and that several of the differentiated morphological characters have a genetic basis. Using simulation approaches, we found support for a scenario of ancient divergence followed by recent secondary contact. CONCLUSIONS: We show that the two morphs represent the two main genetic clusters previously found worldwide. Our results demonstrate that relatively minor morphological differentiation in a presumed phenotypically plastic peatmoss may be associated with massive divergence across the genome.
Data from: The legacy of Eastern Mediterranean mountain uplifts – rapid disparity of phylogenetic niche conservatism and divergence in mountain vipers
<p><b>Aim</b> The orogeny of the eastern Mediterranean region has substantially affected ecological speciation patterns, particularly of mountain-dwelling species. Mountain vipers of the genus <i>Montivipera</i> are among the paramount examples of Mediterranean neo-endemism, with restricted ranges in the mountains of Anatolia, the Levant, Caucasus, Alborz, and Zagros. Here we explore the phylogenetic and ecological diversification of <i>Montivipera</i> to reconstruct its ecological niche evolution and biogeographic history.</p> <p><b>Location</b> Eastern Mediterranean mountain ecosystems</p> <p><b>Methods</b> Using 177 sequences of three mitochondrial genes, a dated molecular phylogeny of mountain vipers was reconstructed. Based on 320 occurrence points within the entire range of the genus and six climatic variables, ecological niches were modelled and used to infer ancestral niche occupancy. In addition, the biogeographic history and ancestral states of the species were reconstructed across climate gradients.</p> <p><b>Results</b> Dated phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that the ancestor of mountain vipers split into two major clades at around 12.18 Mya followed by multiple vicariance events due to rapid orogeny. <i>Montivipera</i> colonised coastal regions from a mountain-dwelling ancestor. We detected a highly complex ecological niche evolution of mountain vipers to temperature seasonality measured by means of a strong phylogenetic signal.</p> <p><b>Conclusion </b>Raising mountain belts in the Eastern Mediterranean region and subsequent remarkable changes in temperature seasonality have led to the formation of important centres of diversification and endemism in this biodiversity hotspot. High rates of niche conservatism, low genetic diversity, and segregation of ranges into the endemic distribution negatively influenced the adaptive capacity of mountain vipers. We suggest that these species should be considered as evolutionary significant units and priority species for conservation in Mediterranean mountain ecosystems.</p>
Fig. 3 in Divergent evolution of mitogenomics in Cetartiodactyla niche adaptation
Fig. 3 Sequence identity plots based on 11 Cetartiodactyla species
Fig. 4 in Divergent evolution of mitogenomics in Cetartiodactyla niche adaptation
Fig. 4 The Bayesian inference tree of Cetartiodactyla based on 13 protein-coding gene datasets
Polygenic selection within a single generation leads to subtle divergence among ecological niches
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Data from: The legacy of Eastern Mediterranean mountain uplifts – rapid disparity of phylogenetic niche conservatism and divergence in mountain vipers
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Data from: Divergent evolution and niche differentiation within the common peatmoss Sphagnum magellanicum
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Data: Abiotic niche divergence of homoploid hybrid species from their progenitors
<p class="15"><span>Although more frequently reported recently than was previously expected, the role of ecology in the speciation of homoploid hybrid species (HHS) has not been quantitatively evaluated. We examined divergences in the niches of 22 assumed HHS (18 plants and four animals) from those of their progenitors using 52097 occurrences and 26 environmental factors (temperature, precipitation, altitude and soil). We identified three niche divergence patterns in HHS, niche novelty, niche contraction and niche intermediacy, by estimating niche overlap and niche breadth. Niche novelty, found in 16 HHS, is the commonest pattern, <span>in which HHS occupied new habitats and a range geographically isolated from those of the progenitors, with low niche overlap and small niche breadth. </span>Our study indicates that ecological divergence contributes greatly to the establishment of HHS and suggests that increasing habitat disturbance and the predicted climate change that may create new niches will accelerate the future production of HHS.</span></p>
Data: Abiotic niche divergence of homoploid hybrid species from their progenitors
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Fig. 5 in The roles of niche divergence, dispersal, and geology on the diversification of Neotropical true frogs from the Rana palmipes species group (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) during the Great American Biotic Interchange
Fig. 5 Plots of disparity through time (DTT) for predictors (solid line) and data simulated under Brownian motion model of evolution (dashed line). Continuous lines represent the estimated values of disparity in relative time. Grey area represents the 95% confidence interval of simulated data in a dashed line. MDI, morphological disparity index. Negative values indicate niche conservatism, while positive values indicate niche divergence
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.