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Calibrated data of stable water isotope measurements in water vapour at 8 m a.s.l. on the starboard side of the ship, made in the austral summer of 2016/2017 around the Southern Ocean during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition.
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>This data set includes the calibrated data of stable water vapour isotope (δ18O, δ2H, deuterium excess) and water vapour mixing ratio measurements at approximately 8 m a.s.l. on the starboard of the ship, taken around the Southern Ocean during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) from February to March 2017 using a Picarro laser spectrometers L2130-i. The data provide continuous timelines of atmospheric water vapour properties in the marine boundary layer for studies of the atmospheric water cycle.</p> <p>The raw data from which this calibrated dataset originates has been published separately (Kozachek, 2020; DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3667535).</p> <p>Two other calibrated stable water isotope measurement datasets were also collected during ACE. They differ by the location of measurement on the ship: 8 m a.s.l on the port side (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3739354) and 13.5 m a.s.l (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3250790).</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ACE_watervapour_isotopes_SWI8-sb_1h.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACE_watervapour_isotopes_SWI8-sb_5min.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>cal_runs_SWI8-sb.csv, metadata, comma-separated values</li> <li>cal_flag_times_SWI8-sb.csv, metadata, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text format</li> </ul> <p>NaN values denote missing values which occur because of e.g., maintenance, instrument calibration, large cavity variations.</p> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This calibrated stable water isotope measurements in water vapour is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Enrichment index related to seamounts and islands in the South West Indian Ocean from chlorophyll-a satellite remote sensing data
<p>This data set is the result of the calculation of an original “enrichment index” (EI) from chlorophyll-a (chl-a) remote sensing data (MODIS-Aqua sensor) and initially dedicated to highlight localized chl-a enrichments associated to isolated seamounts and islands in the South West Indian Ocean, in order to estimate their contribution in increasing the local primary productivity. Details and results are described in the DSR-II paper entitled “Satellite observations of phytoplankton enrichments around seamounts in the South West Indian Ocean with a special focus on the Walters Shoal” from Demarcq et al. 2020.<br> 1. Initial data used<br> We used daily L3 data chl-a and sea surface temperature (SST) collected by the MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensor on board the Aqua platform (downloaded from https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/) from January 2003 to December 2018. This has a spatial resolution of 1/24° (ca. 4.5–5 km). The data covers the region (45°S – 10°S / 25°W – 80°W).<br> 2. The calculation method<br> The calculations were done at the pixel level. The EI is the difference (expressed in %) between the value of each ‘candidate pixel’ and its medium range surrounding, defined as the average value of all chl-a values around the candidate pixel between a fix range of distance between 30 and 90 km, the R1 and R2 terms of the equation enclosed.<br> 3. Data sets<br> The data set contains two files:<br> - the monthly climatology (12 frames) of the EI from January to December (2003 to 2018 average), in an internally compressed netCDF-4 format (NC-compliant or almost)<br> - the yearly average of the EI (period 01/2003 - 12/2018)<br> <br> Two images are joined with this data set:<br> - a "technical view" of the yearly average of the index for the full region sub-region (45°S – 10°S / 25°W – 80°W)<br> (file: indsw4_modis_p100_4km_16y_20030101_20181231.R2018.0.enrichment-index.dist-30-90km.png).</p> <p> - a slightly improved view of the yearly average of the index for the sub-region (40°S – 10°S / 30°W – 70°W).<br> (file: Figure-enrichment-index.pdf)<br> <br> An improved version of this index will be available in a near future.</p>
Historical Tropical Cyclone Along-track Potential Intensity (and Derived Quantities) for Six Ocean Basins from Reanalyses
<p>Supporting derived data for Shields et al. (2020, GRL).</p> <p>Derived tropical cyclone potential intensities and associated variables across the North Atlantic (NA), Eastern North Pacific (EP), North Indian (NI), South Indian (SI), South Pacific (SP), and Western North Pacific (WP) ocean basins, from MERRA2, ERA-I, and MERRA2 with SSTs replaced by HadISSTs. NA/WP basins also have potential and observed intensities calculated with NCEP/NCAR and ERA-20C reanalyses over 1950-2016 and 1950-2010, respectively.</p> <p>All files are netcdf format, organized by basin, with suffixes on data variables to indicate reanalysis:</p> <ul> <li>"_m": MERRA2 (Gelaro et al. 2017)</li> <li>"_h": MERRA2-HadISSTs (Rayner et al. 2003)</li> <li>"_e": ERA-I (Dee et al. 2011)</li> <li>"_n": NCEP/NCAR (Kalnay et al. 2016)</li> <li>"_c": ERA-20C (Stickler et al. 2014)</li> </ul> <p>When using this data, please include the citation:</p> <blockquote> <p><strong>Shannon Shields, Allison Wing, and Daniel M. Gilford, 2020: A Global Analysis of Interannual Variability of Potential and Actual Tropical Cyclone Intensities. Geophys. Res. Lett.</strong></p> </blockquote> <p>Potential intensities calculated with the Bister and Emanuel (2002) algorithm (<strong>pcmin.m</strong>) by Kerry Emanuel (revised by Daniel Gilford, Gilford et al. 2019), available freely at: ftp://texmex.mit.edu/pub/emanuel/TCMAX</p> <p>MERRA2, ERA-I, and MERRA2 with SSTs replaced by HadISSTs calculations were performed by Daniel Gilford; NCEP/NCAR and ERA-20C calculations were performed by Dr. Suzana Camargo (many thanks!).</p> <p>Please direct any questions or comments to daniel[dot]gilford[at]rutgers[dot]edu.</p>
Ionic composition of particulate matter (PM10) from high-volume sampling over the Southern Ocean during the austral summer of 2016/2017 on board the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>Aerosol particles originate from a variety of sources (Tomasi and Lupi, 2017). Information on particle chemical composition can be utilized to access particle origin. During the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) cruise around the Southern Ocean, off-line filter sampling of ambient air was performed. Filters were stored on the ship (at -20 degrees C) and after the cruise concluded analysed at Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) concerning ionic composition of sampled material. Here, we give mass concentrations for inorganic ions (chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, ammonium, nitrate, sulphate, and bromide), organic constituents (methane-sulfonic acid and oxalate), and total filter load of particles with a mobility diameter smaller 10 micrometers (PM10) for each 24 hour-sampled filter.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ACESPACE_particulate_matter_pm10_ionic_composition_highvolume.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text</li> </ul> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This ionic composition of particulate matter (PM10) from high-volume sampling dataset during ACE is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Ice Nucleating Particle number concentration from low-volume sampling over the Southern Ocean during the austral summer of 2016/2017 on board the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p><strong>Dataset abstract </strong></p> <p>Ice nucleating particles (INP) are a subclass of atmospheric aerosol particles, which can force heterogeneous freezing of cloud droplets at temperatures above -38 degrees C. In contrast, ice particles form from cloud droplets at temperatures below -38 degrees C due to homogeneous freezing, without INP. Due to their abundance, these particles can affect micro-physical properties of clouds, while acting as INP. During the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) around the Southern Ocean, off-line filter sampling was performed. Filters were stored on the ship and analysed after the cruise at Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) concerning INP abundance. Here, we give INP number concentrations for sampling of 8 hour periods.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ACESPACE_ice_nucleating_particles_frozen_fraction_from_lowvolume_filters.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_ice_nucleating_particles_number_concentration_from_lowvolume_filters.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header_frozen_fraction.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>data_file_header_number_concentration.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>change_log.txt, metadata, text format</li> </ul> <p><strong>Change log</strong></p> <p>v1.1 - data files updated</p> <ul> <li>change dataset title to reflect low-volume sampling method</li> <li>addition of INP number concentration data from different temperatures</li> <li>addition of fraction of frozen droplets data</li> <li>addition of field blank filter data</li> <li>create separate data_file_header files</li> <li>add change log</li> </ul> <p>v1.0 - initial release of dataset</p> <p> </p>
Cloud Condensation Nuclei number concentrations over the Southern Ocean during the austral summer of 2016/2017 on board the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) are a subclass of atmospheric aerosol particles, which can be activated to cloud droplets at a certain supersaturation, with respect to water. Due to their abundance, these particles can affect micro-physical properties of clouds, while acting as CCN. It was found that CCN are relevant for the Earth’s radiation budget, by affecting cloud albedo and lifetime. When giving a number concentration of CCN, also the supersaturation at which it was measured has to be given.</p> <p>With additional information on particle number size distribution, the hypothetical diameter of particle activation (critical diameter) was derived. Further, the particle hygroscopicity parameter (kappa) was calculated using the critical diameter. Values of kappa can be a proxy for bulk chemical composition of the sampled CCN population.</p> <p>Our dataset gives CCN number concentrations measured by a CCN counter (type CCN-100 by DMT, Boulder, US) operated at five different levels of supersaturation (0.15%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%) during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) cruise over the Southern Ocean, as part of the ACE-SPACE project. Temporal coverage is from December 20, 2016 to March 19, 2017. We give 5-minute averaged and quality controlled CCN number concentrations, critical diameter and kappa values.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_number_concentration_SS015.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_number_concentration_SS020.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_number_concentration_SS030.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_number_concentration_SS050.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_number_concentration_SS100.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_critical_diameter_SS015.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_critical_diameter_SS020.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_critical_diameter_SS030.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_critical_diameter_SS050.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_critical_diameter_SS100.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_hygroscopicity_parameter_SS015.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_hygroscopicity_parameter_SS020.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_hygroscopicity_parameter_SS030.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_hygroscopicity_parameter_SS050.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_hygroscopicity_parameter_SS100.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header_number_concentration.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>data_file_header_critical_diameter.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>data_file_header_hygroscopicity_parameter.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>change_log.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text</li> </ul> <p>The files listed above contain Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) number concentration (N_CCN), critical diameter (D_crit) and particle hygroscopicity parameter (KAPPA) values for the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition from in-situ measurements. Each file contains only N_CCN, D_crit or KAPPA values for one of the five measured levels of supersaturation (SS), e.g., N_CCN at SS=0.15% in ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_number_concentration_SS015.csv or N_CCN at SS=0.2% in ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_number_concentration_SS020.csv etc. In addition, for each N_CCN value the respective temperature of the CCNCs measurement column (T_col) is given. Values are from 1 Hz measurements and averaged to represent 5-minute intervals.</p> <p>For every given value of CCN number concentration, the respective supersaturation level is given, although files only contain values for one level only. Additionally, longitude and latitude for the ship’s position at the start time of the averaging period are given.</p> <p>For latitude and longitude nan values are given, in cases where positioning data was not available for the given time period. There are no nan values for CCN number concentration included, in a way that only quality assured data is given.</p> <p><strong>Change log</strong></p> <p>v1.1 - data files updated</p> <ul> <li>change dataset title to specify ACE cruise</li> <li>change time resolution to 5 minutes</li> <li>addition of critical diameter data</li> <li>addition of hygroscopicity parameter data</li> <li>create separate data_file_headers</li> <li>add change log</li> </ul> <p>v1.0 - initial release of dataset</p>
NAPv1.0: A seasonal hydrographic gridded data set for the Northern Antarctic Peninsula, Southern Ocean
<p>The Northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP) climatology version 1 (NAPv1.0) was built by optimally interpolate hydrographic data sets from the CTD, MEOP and Argo floats profiles sampled in the NAP and adjacent regions during the period of 1990-2019. The database consists of data from the World Ocean Database, Pangaea, Hutchinson et al. (2020), Brazilian High Latitude Oceanography Group (GOAL; http://goal.furg.br/), Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole consortium (MEOP), and Argo floats. The climatology has outputs for summer (Jan-Mar), autumn (Apr-Jun), winter (Jul-Sep) and spring (Oct-Dec). The profiles were first linearly interpolated onto 90 depth levels, and then optimally interpolated in space using a grid of ~10 km resolution. The grid spacing is 0.09˚ along latitudes and 0.2˚ along longitudes (i.e., 0.09˚ latitude x 0.09˚/cos(63˚S) longitude, where 63˚S is the mean latitude of our domain). A series of tests were made to find the appropriate smoothing lengthscale and the a priori relative error in order to find a balance between smoothness and feature representativeness. The final smoothing lengthscale (i.e. the radius of influence of the interpolation) chosen was 1˚ in latitude and longitude, and the a priori relative error allowed was set to 0.2 for the objective interpolation algorithm. The same constants were set for all depth levels and all variables. The regions where the mapping relative error was higher than 0.5 were excluded. The NAPv1.0 climatology can be used for several applications, including input data for ocean and climate models initialization/assessment and ocean reanalysis evaluation, as well as to produce and reconstruct biogeochemical properties. The NAPv1.0 climatology represents the ocean mean-state for the NAP for the end of the 20th and early 21st-century.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Reference: </strong><br> Dotto, T. S., Mata, M. M., Kerr, R., and Garcia, C. A. E.: A novel hydrographic gridded data set for the northern Antarctic Peninsula, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 671–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-671-2021, 2021.</p>
Summary raw meteorological data from the Southern Ocean collected on board the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) during the austral summer of 2016/2017.
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>A Vaisala MAWS240 meteorological station was installed on the R/V Akademik Tryoshnikov during a circumnavigation of Antarctica in the austral summer season of 2016/2017. This dataset contains the raw meteorological data that have been extracted from the original raw text data files. Data coverage is from 17th November 2016 until 11th April 2017, with gaps where the ship was in port.</p> <p>Air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, solar radiation, ultraviolet radiation, cloud level and sky cover were recorded with a resolution of 30 seconds. Averaged wind parameter data are provided.</p> <p>Date_time should be combined with TIMEDIFF to convert it to UTC. Latitude and longitude recorded are not corrected. Underway seawater measurements were recorded as null values.</p> <p>Data from this dataset have been corrected and quality-checked in another published dataset. We recommend these data for further use (Landwehr et al., 2019; DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3379590).</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>metdata_all_YYYYMMDD_YYYYMMDD.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header, metadata, text format</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>ace_meteorology_raw_summary_change_log.txt</li> </ul> <p>Data files contain data for each leg of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE). Dates included in the file name are the start and end dates of the legs and therefore the data within the files as well.</p> <p><strong>Change log</strong></p> <p><strong>v1.2</strong> - Added missing data from 2017-02-05 - 2017-02-08 inclusive. Updated this change log file.</p> <p><strong>v1.1</strong> - Added additional data coverage from 2016-11-17 - 2016-11-22 inclusive, into the first data file. Updated README.txt with information about data coverage. Added this change log file.</p> <p><strong>v1.0</strong> - Initial release of raw summary meteorological data.</p> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This raw meteorological dataset is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Data used in "BIOPERIANT12: a mesoscale resolving coupled physics-biogeochemical model for the Southern Ocean"
<div> <p>This repository contains the data used to generate the figures for the submitted manuscript "BIOPERIANT12: a mesoscale resolving coupled physics-biogeochemical model for the Southern Ocean".</p> </div> <h3>Contents</h3> <div> <ul> <li> <p>Model input:</p> <ul> <li> <p>INPUTS: ocean model input/grid files</p> </li> <li> <p>PISCES_INPUTS: BGC input files</p> </li> <li> <p>OBC: open boundary forcing </p> </li> <li> <p>WEIGHTS: weight files for ERA interim forcing</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <ul> <li> <p>Manuscript files:</p> <ul> <li> <p>data: files used to generate manuscript images</p> </li> <li> <p>config, src, notebooks: Python code and Jupyter notebooks used to generate images</p> </li> <li> <p>figures, supplementary: manuscript figures and supplementary figures</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div> </div> <div><strong>Abstract: </strong>"We present BIOPERIANT12, a regional model configuration of the Southern Ocean (SO) at a mesoscale-resolving 1/12 degree. This is a stable, ocean–ice–biogeochemical configuration derived from the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) modelling platform. It is specifically designed to investigate questions related to the mean state, seasonal cycle variability and mesoscale processes in the mixed layer and within the upper ocean (<1000 m). In particular, the focus is on understanding processes behind carbon and heat exchange, systematic errors in biogeochemistry and assumptions underlying the parameters chosen to represent these SO processes. The dynamics of the ocean model play a large role in driving ocean biogeochemistry and we show that over the chosen period of analysis 2000–2009 that the simulated dynamics in the upper ocean provide a stable mean state, as compared to observation-based datasets (themselves subject to biases such as sparsity of data, cloud cover, etc.), and through which the characteristics of variability can be described. Using ocean biomes to delineate the major regions of the SO, the model demonstrates a useful representation of ocean biogeochemistry and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). In addition to a reasonable model mean state performance, through model–data metrics BIOPERIANT12 highlights several pathways for improving Southern Ocean model simulations such as the representation of temporal variability and the overestimation of biological biomass."</div>
RADIT: A Machine Learning-Reconstructed Dataset of River Discharge, Temperature, and Heat Flux into the Arctic Ocean
<p>The Reconstructed Arctic-draining river DIscharge and Temperature (RADIT) dataset provides daily records of river discharge, temperature, and heat flux for 25 major Arctic-draining rivers from 1950 to 2023. Using machine learning methods and ERA5-Land reanalysis data, we reconstructed these key hydrological variables with high accuracy (most NSEs > 0.8).</p> <p>Due to licensing restrictions and to encourage adherence to the stated licenses of the original input data, this dataset only provides the reconstructed (filled) values. Users can obtain the complete historical observational data from their original publicly available sources as detailed in our documentation. By combining these original observations with our reconstructed data, a comprehensive and continuous daily dataset from 1950 to 2023 can be assembled. Clear instructions and links for downloading the original observational data used in this study can be found at: <a href="https://github.com/zhwang24/RADIT-Reconstructed-Arctic-River-Data" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/zhwang24/RADIT-Reconstructed-Arctic-River-Data</a>. Should you encounter any issues or have questions, please feel free to contact the first author, Zihan Wang (zhwang2018@163.com).</p>
BGC-Argo matchups with Ocean Color Satellite Sensors and MERRA-2 updated for 2023
<p>Updated matchup dataset as described in "Begouen Demeaux et al., Algorithms to Retrieve the Spectral Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient of Light in the Ocean from Remote Sensing, Optics Express, 2023".</p> <p>Composed of Satellites matchup from the MODIS, VIIRS and OLCI sensors with BGC-Argo floats, including Kds derived from float measurements (Kd_WV_Xing), Rrs at all wavelengths from each sensor, solar zenith angle and information on the atmospheric composition from Merra-2 matchups. </p> <p>New recomputed Kds using the Lee et al., 2005 algorithm with individual sensor coefficients are also listed (new_kd_WV_Lee_indiv), as well as recomputed Kds for a new global m2 coefficient (new_kd_WV_Lee_global). Recomputed Kds for the new coefficients of the NASA/ESA algorithm are also available (new_Kd_Aus). Lastly, Kds for the new GF algorithm depending on the MERRA inputs and IOPs is listed : (kd_WV_f). </p> <p>For any questions, do not hesitate to be in touch. </p>
Climate change and terrigenous inputs decrease the efficiency of the future Arctic Ocean's biological carbon pump
<p>This repository contains the post-processed model outputs underlying the main figures in the paper "Climate change and terrigenous inputs decrease the efficiency of the future Arctic Ocean’s biological carbon pump" by Oziel et al. in Nature Climate Change (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02233-6). The repository also contains the jupyter notebooks (python) scripts used to produce the figures, the custom model code as well as the mesh informations to reproduce the model run.</p>
Global Ocean Heat Content Anomalies and Ocean Heat Uptake based on mapping Argo data using local Gaussian processes
<p>Monthly Ocean Heat Content Anomalies (OHCA) in the top 2000 dbar of the ocean are calculated (during 2004-2024, equatorward of 65 degree latitude) subtracting the mean over the period 2004-2024 from the monthly time series of OHC. Yearly OHCA time series are then calculated that include 1. one point per year, i.e., from averaging Jan to Dec (see files ending in “yearly.nc”), and 2. two points per year, i.e., from averaging Jan to Dec and Jul to Jun, respectively (see files ending in “yearly2.nc”). OHC fields are mapped using locally stationary Gaussian processes (defined over space and time) with data-driven decorrelation scales (Kuusela and Stein, 2018). A linear time trend was included in the estimate of the mean field (along with spatial terms and harmonics for the annual cycle). Mapping is done separately for different vertical sections: 15-20 dbar, 15-300 dbar, 300-700 dbar, 700-1850 dbar, 1800-1850 dbar. The 15-20 dbar (1800-1850 dbar) section is used to estimate OHCA for 0-15 dbar (1850-2000 dbar), where observations are sparser. Different vertical sections are combined to estimate global OHCA time series for 0-2000 dbar, 0-700 dbar, 700-2000 dbar (as indicated in the file names). The attribute "area" is included in the netcdf files and it tells the corresponding surface area for the estimates. Regions of the ocean that are shallower than 300 m or are not sufficiently well sampled by the Argo array are not included. Maps of the ocean masks used for the different vertical sections can be found in the .png files (blue shading indicates the area used for the horizontal integral); the bathymetry mask by Roemmich and Gilson (included in the file RG_ArgoClim_Temperature_2019.nc at https://sio-argo.ucsd.edu/RG_Climatology.html) is also used to define the ocean mask. Ocean Heat Uptake is calculated from the monthly OHCA and then averaged as described above to produce yearly time series included in the files for the different layers.</p> <p>For the uncertainty at each time point, the standard deviation of each OHCA/OHU value in the time series is included. When plotting a time series, the user may consider, e.g., shading plus/minus 1* or 1.96*standard deviation (corresponding to a confidence level of 68% or 95% respectively). These standard deviations in the files are estimated using spatially and temporally dependent conditional simulations of monthly gridded anomalies. When combining different layers, the standard deviation of the sum is conservatively estimated as the sum of the standard deviations. </p> <p>Finally, OHCA/OHU trends are estimated via a least-squares fit and reported in the variable metadata with uncertainties (confidence level of 68%). Trend uncertainties are estimated by repeating the fit for each member of the conditional simulation ensemble described above.</p> <p> </p>
Isoprene mixing ratio in ambient air across the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/2017, during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains the mixing ratios of isoprene (C5H8) in ambient air measured during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition around the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/2017 using the iDirac, an autonomous gas chromatograph (Bolas et al., 2020). Samples were collected at a temporal resolution of approximately 10 minutes, with sizeable gaps in the dataset during Legs 1 and 3 due to instrument malfunction.</p> <p>Isoprene represents one of the largest biogenic emissions on the planet. While the magnitude and mechanism of its emissions on land are well established, there is still large uncertainty on the drivers of marine isoprene emissions. This dataset, consisting of continuous measurements at a relatively high temporal resolution, represents a unique opportunity to better understand marine isoprene emissions in the Southern Ocean.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ace_isoprene_mixing_ratio_ambient_air_v1.1.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>change_log.txt, metadata, text</li> </ul> <p><strong>Change log</strong></p> <p>v1.1 - data files updated</p> <ul> <li>more accurate isoprene quantification from improved chromatogram baseline removal</li> </ul> <p>v1.0 - initial release of dataset</p>
Concentration of gaseous iodic acid measured over the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/2017, during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p>Measurements of iodic acid concentration in the gas phase obtained with a nitrate chemical ionization mass spectrometer (we used an APi-TOF mass spectrometer produced by Tofwerk AG coupled with a Chemical ionization inlet A70 produced by Airmodus). Iodic acid is detected in the mass spectrometer either as a deprotonated ion or as a cluster with the reagent ion (NO3-). The concentration is calculated as the area of these two peaks normalized to the concentration of the reagent ions (monomer, dimer and trimer) and multiplied by a calibration factor equal to 6.9E9 molecules cm<sup>-3</sup> that was experimentally derived at Paul Scherrer Institute in the summer 2017, after the campaign.</p> <p>Iodic acid can participate in both new particle formation and growth, affecting the Earth radiative balance and cloud properties. Iodic acid is produced from the iodine radical but the exact formation pathways is still unknown.</p> <p>Measurements were performed on the upper deck of the icebreaker Akademik Tryoshnikov along the track of the Antarctic Circumnavigation expedition. Temporal coverage is from January 22, 2017 to March 19, 2017. There are no data for the first leg of the expedition because the instrument was not on the ship. The instrument was operated during leg 4 but data has not been processed yet. Data were collected with one-second time resolution but integrated to five minutes to increase the signal to noise ratio. Concentrations are reported as molecules per cubic centimeter in five minutes averages. The lower limit of detection was estimated to be lower than 6E3 molecules cm<sup>-3</sup>. Data below the detection limit were replaced by the detection limit divided by the square root of 2.</p> <p>Pollution from the ship exhaust and other human activities (e.g. helicopter flights) was identified as described in Schmale et al. 2019 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0187.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0187.1</a>) and a corresponding flag was associated to the data (with 1 meaning clean data and 2 polluted data). No direct influence of pollution on the iodic acid concentration was found.</p> <p>***** Dataset contents *****</p> <p>- 01_gas_iodic_acid_concentration_data.csv, data file, comma-separated values</p> <p>- 02_IodicAcid_file_header.txt, metadata, text format</p> <p>- 03_README.txt, metadata, text format</p> <p> </p>
Size distribution of neutral and charged particles smaller than 42 nm measured over the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/2017, during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p>The size distribution of neutral and charged particles was measured using a neutral cluster and air ion spectrometer (NAIS) instrument. The concentration was corrected for diffusional losses in the inlet.</p> <p>The concentration and temporal dynamics of small particles is fundamental to characterize the first step of new particle formation (NPF) and growth. Moreover, naturally charged particles and ions can provide information about the role of ion induced nucleation. Newly formed particles can grow to larger sizes where they act as cloud condensation nuclei, directly affecting the Earth radiative budget and cloud properties.</p> <p>Measurements were performed on the upper deck of icebreaker Akademik Tryoshnikov along the track of the Antarctic Circumnavigation expedition. Temporal coverage is from January 22, 2017 to April 11, 2017. The concentration is reported as dN/dlog(Dp) per cubic centimetre, where Dp indicates the corresponding diameter size bin. Data were collected with one-second time resolution and averaged automatically by the acquisition software to 120 seconds before January 31 2017 and to 90 seconds after that date. The instrument was calibrated before the campaign by the manufacturer and periodically cleaned during the campaign (one time per leg).</p> <p>Pollution from the ship exhaust and other human activities (e.g. helicopter flights) was identified as described in Schmale et al., 2019 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0187.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0187.1</a>) and a corresponding flag was associated to the data (with 1 meaning clean data and 0 polluted data).</p> <p> </p> <p>***** Dataset contents *****</p> <p>- 01_neutral_particles_size_distribution.csv, data file, comma-separated values</p> <p>- 02_negative_ions_size_distribution.csv, data file, comma-separated values</p> <p>- 03_positive_ions_size_distribution.csv, data file, comma-separated values</p> <p>- 04_neutral_particles_size_distribution_header.txt, metadata, text</p> <p>- 05_negative_ions_size_distribution_header.txt, metadata, text</p> <p>- 06_positive_ions_size_distribution_header.txt, metadata, text</p> <p>- README.txt, metadata, text</p> <p>Data that were missing or bad because of instrumental problems were simply removed from the file (no entry).</p>
Humic acid like concentration in seawater samples, collected from the trace metal rosettes in the Southern Ocean during the austral summer of 2016/2017, on board the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition.
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>Humic acid like concentration (abbreviated HA) measured with respect to the Suwannee River Fulvic acid standards (µmol SRFA equivalent per litre).</p> <p>Seawater samples were collected from trace metal rosette (TMR) deployments at different depths in the water column during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE). Humic acid like data from legs 1 and 2, from TMR cast numbers 3 to 16, were analysed by electrochemistry following standard additions of Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (standard 1, IHSS). This data is to support iron ligands and iron bioavailability as well as hydrolysable saccharides (TPZT) data, also collected during ACE.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ace_humics_data.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ace_humics_data_visual_summary.png, metadata, portable network graphics</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text format</li> </ul> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This humics dataset from ACE is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Super-resolving ocean dynamics from space with computer vision algorithms: training datasets
<p>We provide here the datasets used for the development of the dilated Adaptive Residual Network for the super-resolution of ocean Absolute Dynamic Topography described in <em>Buongiorno Nardelli et al.</em> (2022). The model is designed to combine satellite altimetry and thermal observations and provides super-resolved dynamic topography. The training/test datasets have been built starting from the data originally prepared for an Observing System Simulation Experiment carried out in the framework of the European Space Agency CIRCOL project [<em>Ciani et al.</em>, 2021]. They consist of one year of synthetic daily Absolute Dynamic Topography (ADT), surface geostrophic currents and sea surface temperature data obtained from Copernicus Marine Service Mediterranean Forecasting System (MFS) (Product ID: MEDSEA-ANALYSIS- FORECAST-PHY-006-013) [<em>Clementi et al. 2021</em>]. Synthetic Altimeter-derived ADT maps were obtained by first sampling the model output along the actual tracks of a synthetic constellation composed of 4 Radar Altimeters: Jason-3, Sentinel-3A, SARAL/Altika, and Cryosat-2 missions (this step is achieved by running the SWOT simulator software [<em>Gaultier et al.</em>, 2016]) and successively applying the DUACS (<em>Data Unification and Altimeter Combination System)</em> mapping method. The original input images cover the entire Mediterranean domain at 1/24° spatial resolution, leading to an individual image size of 380x1000 pixels. Here, we have randomly chosen 40 dates (~11% of the total) to be kept aside as fully independent test data, and successively re-sampled the original images extracting much smaller tiles (76x100), which are used as input to the network training. The tiles are extracted by going through a double loop on latitude and longitude, imposing a spatial overlap of 50%. Full details on data pre-processing (e.g.normalization strategies) are given in the paper:</p> <ul> <li>Buongiorno Nardelli, B.; Cavaliere, D.; Charles, E.; Ciani, D. Super-Resolving Ocean Dynamics from Space with Computer Vision Algorithms. <em>Remote Sens.</em>, <strong>2022</strong>, 14, 1159. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051159</li> </ul>
Coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean simulation of Hurricane Dorian (2019)
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>This dataset provides the output of the coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean simulation of Hurricane Dorian from August 29 to September 7, 2019. The simulation is a composite of two separate simulations:</p> <ol> <li>From 00 UTC August 29 to 00 UTC September 1, 2019</li> <li>From 00 UTC September 1 to 00 UTC September 7, 2019</li> </ol> <p>The first simulation serves as "spin-up" for the hurricane and its environment prior to landfall. The second simulation is initialized from the output of the first simulation, while relocating the Dorian vortex to its correct position on September 1. Due to the size of the dataset only the surface fields are made available.</p> <p><strong>Model configuration</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Atmosphere</strong>: Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF, https://github.com/wrf-model/WRF) model v4.2.2, with the Advanced Research WRF (ARW) dynamical core. The model has a 3-km resolution grid over the parent domain and a 1-km resolution nest over the Bahamas region (September 1-7 only), both with 45 vertical layers. Initial and boundary conditions are based on 6-hourly ERA-5 dataset.</li> <li><strong>Ocean Waves</strong>: University of Miami Wave Model (UMWM, https://umwm.org). The model is configured at the same 3-km as the atmosphere model, and has 36 directional bins and 37 frequency bins that are logarithmically spaced from 0.0313 to 2 Hz.</li> <li><strong>Ocean Circulation</strong>: HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM, https://github.com/HYCOM) v2.3.01, configured at 0.01 degree resolution and 41 vertical layers. Initial and boundary conditions are based on daily GOFS 3.1 41-layer HYCOM + NCODA Global 1/12° Analysis, daily. K-Profile Parameterization for vertical mixing.</li> <li><strong>Coupling</strong>: Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF, https://github.com/esmf-org/esmf) v8.0.1</li> </ul> <p><strong>File Description</strong></p> <ul> <li>blkdat.input - HYCOM (ocean circulation) configuration file</li> <li>dorian2019_atmosphere_1km_2019090100.nc - Atmosphere at 1-km resolution dataset</li> <li>dorian2019_atmosphere_waves_3km_2019082900.nc - Atmosphere and waves at 3-km resolution dataset, Aug 29 - Sep 1.</li> <li>dorian2019_atmosphere_waves_3km_2019090100.nc - Atmosphere and waves at 3-km resolution dataset, Sep 1-7</li> <li>dorian2019_ocean_1km_2019082900.nc - Ocean circulation at 1-km resolution dataset</li> <li>main.nml - UMWM (waves) configuration file</li> <li>namelist.input - WRF (atmosphere) configuration file</li> <li>regional.depth.[ab] - HYCOM (ocean circulation) bathymetry files</li> <li>regional.grid.[ab] - HYCOM (ocean circulation) grid files</li> <li>umwm.gridtopo - UMWM (waves) grid and bathymetry file</li> <li>wrfbdy_d01 - WRF (atmosphere) boundary conditions file</li> <li>wrfinput_d01.2019082900 - WRF (atmosphere) initial conditions file for parent domain on Aug 29</li> <li>wrfinput_d01.2019090100 - WRF (atmosphere) initial conditions file for parent domain on Sep 1</li> <li>wrfinput_d02.2019090100 - WRF (atmosphere) initial conditions file for inner nest on Sep 1</li> </ul> <p><strong>Coupled model source code</strong></p> <p>The model source code has not yet been released. We plan to open source it upon publication of the paper describing the simulation. When the source code is released, we will add the link to this repository.</p>
Measurements of benzene and toluene in underway surface seawater and ambient air in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean on cruise ANDREXII/JR18005 between February and April 2019.
<p>Benzene and toluene cycling iin the unpolluted marine environment s poorly understood. Due to a paucity of measurements, the role of the ocean in the atmospheric budgets of atmospheric benzene and toluene is unknown. In order to quantify the air-sea fluxes of these gases and obtain insights to their biogeochemical cycling, we measured their seawater concentrations (surface and depth profiles) and air mixing ratios in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, along a ~11000 km long transect at approximately 60o S in Feb-Apr 2019. The measurements were made using a Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer coupled to a Segmented Flow Coil Equilibrator. Concentrations, oceanic saturations and calculated fluxes benzene and toluene are presented here. </p> <p> </p> <p>The data is further presented and discussed in a manuscript: </p> <p>Marine biogenic benzene and toluene emissions and their impact on secondary organic aerosol in the polar regions. Charel Wohl, Qinyi Li, Carlos A. Cuevas, Rafael P. Fernandez, Mingxi Yang, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Rafel Simó<span>, </span>Submitted to Atmospheric Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2022</p> <p> </p> <p>Computation of the air-sea gas fluxes is explained in detail in the linked manuscript about benzene and toluene. <br> Positive values indicate oceanic outgassing, thus sea to air flux.</p> <p> </p> <p>Definitions of acronyms, site abbreviations, or other project-specific designations:<br> deg = degree <br> SW = seawater concentration</p> <p>ATM= atmosphere</p> <p>SAT = saturation</p> <p>flux= air-sea flux in (micro)umol_m^(2)_d^(-1)<br> nM = nano Molar seawater concentration defined as nmol dm^(-3)</p> <p>LAT, LONG = Latitude, Longitude. (negative indicates west and south)</p> <p>The timestamp indicates sampling time in UTC, expressed as DD/MM/YYYY_HH:MM</p> <p>Empty data cells/points are listed as an impossible number of -999. Interruptions in the measurements are due to calibrations and other instrument maintenance.Interruptions in the calculated flux are due to missing auxiliary data at those sampling points e.g. no wind speed or underway auxiliary data.</p> <p>Fluxes and saturations computed using the interpolated air mixing ratio (see linked manuscript) are indicated with the suffix "_2"</p> <p> </p> <p>Negative values correspond to readings below the blank and detection limit. <br> They are effectively zero and are included here as the computed negative concentration to avoid skewing the mean.</p> <p> </p> <p>Data last modified 06.05.2022. Version 1 uploaded on that date. No further maintenance planned. This is the final data.</p> <p> </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.