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149 results for “offset”
Data for: Bridging the gap between microclimate and microrefugia: A bottom‐up approach reveals strong climatic and biological offsets
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Linking genomic offset statistics to the shape of selection gradients
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Spatial-offset pump-probe imaging of nonradiative dynamics at optical resolution
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Rapid acceleration offsets the costs of intermittent locomotion in lizards when turning
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Phenological changes offset the warming effects on biomass production in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
<p>1. Phenology is an important indicator of plant response to environmental changes and is closely correlated with biomass production. However, how changes of phenological events affect plant biomass production when exposed to changing temperature and precipitation remains unclear.</p> <p>2. We conducted a four-year manipulative experiment of warming and precipitation addition to explore phenology-biomass interactions under climate change in a dry alpine meadow on the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 2015 to 2018.</p> <p>3. In dry and warm years, warming delayed phenology and precipitation addition advanced them. Warming decreased biomass of Kobresia pygmaea in 2018 and biomass of Poa pratensis in 2015, 2017 and 2018. However, precipitation addition significantly increased the biomass of Poa pratensis and Potentilla multifida in most of the experimental years. Phenological changes regulated the responses of biomass to treatments. Specifically, delay of green up of P. pratensis and delay of withering of K. pygmaea induced by warming can increase biomass production, but it can be offset by the direct negative effects of warming on biomass.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Here we show how warming induced drought tend to decrease biomass production of graminoids and the negative effects of warming on biomass of P. pratensis and K. pygmaea were partially offset by green up postponement and withering postponement, respectively. Our results highlights phenology is a crucial regulator for biomass production under climate change. Hence, both direct and indirect effects of warming and precipitation addition on phenology and biomass cannot be ignored when predicting biomass responses to climate change.</p>
Cosmogenic Ages from Alluvial Fans offset by Central Walker Lane Faults
<p>Here are a series of cosmogenic 10Be and 36Cl ages and metadata for samples related to a faulting study southeast of Reno, NV, USA. Both 10Be and 36Cl concentrations were measured at the PRIME lab at Purdue. All 10Be samples were processed in the Geochronology Laboratories at the University of Cincinnati. The 36Cl samples were processed and analyzed at the PRIME lab. Boulder sampling focused on the largest boulders (~50–150-cm-diameter) from alluvial fan surfaces. Approximately 500 g samples were taken from the upper 2–5 cm of each of these boulders. 10Be concentrations and laboratory data are listed in these tables. The 10Be boulder exposure ages were calculated using the Cosmic Ray Exposure Program (CREp). The calculator requires input describing the geographic coordinates and elevation of the samples, local shielding of the sample, density of the sample, and estimation of the boulder erosion rates resulting from processes such as boulder grussification and spalling. The age estimates are also dependent on the assumption of particular scaling models designed to estimate the long-term production rate of cosmogenic 10Be. The 10Be ages use a production rate of 4.05 ± 0.30 at/g SiO2/yr determined at Twin Lakes, which is located at a higher elevation than the fan surfaces here, but is within 100 km of all study sites, the ERA40 atmosphere model, the Lifton-VDM2016 geomagnetic database, and the LSD scaling scheme.The 36Cl boulder ages are calculated using the CRONUS calculator for 36Cl.</p>
Data from: Thermal evolution offsets the elevated toxicity of a contaminant under warming: a resurrection study in Daphnia magna
Synergistic interactions between temperature and contaminants are a major challenge for ecological risk assessment, especially under global warming. While thermal evolution may increase the ability to deal with warming, it is unknown whether it may also affect the ability to deal with the many contaminants that are more toxic at higher temperatures. We investigated how evolution of genetic adaptation to warming affected the interactions between warming and a novel stressor: zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) in a natural population of Daphnia magna using resurrection ecology. We hatched resting eggs from two D. magna subpopulations (old: 1955-1965, recent: 1995-2005) from the sediment of a lake that experienced an increase in average temperature and in recurrence of heat waves but was never exposed to industrial waste. In the old 'ancestral' subpopulation, exposure to a sublethal concentration of nZnO decreased the intrinsic growth rate, metabolic activity and energy reserves at 24°C but not at 20°C, indicating a synergism between warming and nZnO. In contrast, these synergistic effects disappeared in the recent 'derived' subpopulation that evolved a lower sensitivity to nZnO at 24°C, which indicates that thermal evolution could offset the elevated toxicity of nZnO under warming. This evolution of reduced sensitivity to nZnO under warming could not be explained by changes in the total internal zinc accumulation but was partially associated with the evolution of the expression of a key metal detoxification gene under warming. Our results suggest that the increased sensitivity to the sublethal concentration of nZnO under the predicted 4°C warming by the end of this century may be counteracted by thermal evolution in this D. magna population. Our results illustrate the importance of evolution to warming in shaping the responses to another anthropogenic stressor, here a contaminant. More general, genetic adaptation to an environmental stressor may ensure that synergistic effects between contaminants and this environmental stressor will not be present anymore.
Data from: Increases in local richness (α-diversity) following invasion are offset by biotic homogenization in a biodiversity hotspot
The world's ecosystems are experiencing unparalleled rates of biodiversity change with invasive species implicated as one of the drivers that restructure local assemblages. Here we focus on the processes leading to biodiversity change in a biodiversity hotspot, the Brazilian Cerrado. The null expectation that invasion leads to increase in local species richness is supported by our investigation of the grass layer in two key habitats (campo sujo and campo úmido). Our analysis uncovered a linear relationship between total richness and invasive richness at the plot level. However, because the invasive species – even though few in number - are widespread, their contribution to local richness (α-diversity) is offset by their homogenizing influence on composition (β-diversity). We thus identify a mechanism that can help explain the paradox that species richness is not declining in many local assemblages, yet compositional change is exceeding the predictions of ecological theory. As such, our results emphasize the importance of quantifying both α-diversity and β-diversity in assessments of biodiversity change in the contemporary world.
Data from: Conservation planning for offsetting the impacts of development: a case study of biodiversity and renewable energy in the Mojave Desert
Balancing society's competing needs of development and conservation requires careful consideration of tradeoffs. Renewable energy development and biodiversity conservation are often considered beneficial environmental goals. However, the direct footprint and disturbance of renewable energy can displace species' habitat and negatively impact populations and communities if sited without ecological consideration. To mitigate residual impacts, offsets have emerged as a potentially useful tool after trying to avoid, minimize, or restore affected sites. Yet where many species or many sites are involved, the problem of efficiently designing a set of offset sites becomes increasingly complex. Spatial conservation prioritization tools are designed to handle this problem, but have seen little application to offset siting and analysis. To address this need we designed an offset siting support tool for the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan (DRECP) of California, and present a case study of hypothetical impacts from solar development in the Western Mojave subsection. We compare two offset scenarios designed to mitigate a hypothetical 15,331 ha derived from proposed utility-scale solar energy development (USSED) projects. The first prioritizes offsets based precisely on impacted features, while the second offsets impacts based on the potential to maximize biodiversity conservation gains in the region. The two methods only agree on 28% of their prioritized sites and differ in meeting species-specific offset goals. Differences between the two scenarios highlight the importance of clearly specifying choices and priorities for offset siting and mitigation in general. Similarly, the effects of background climate and land use change may lessen the durability or effectiveness of offsets if not considered. Our offset siting support tool was designed specifically for the DRECP area, but with minor code modification could work well in other offset analyses, and provide continuing support for a potentially innovative mitigation solution to environmental impacts.
Canadian Arctic whale genomic data and code to estimate genetic offsets
<div>This is a repository for code and data used in estimating genetic offsets in Arctic whales in the eastern Canadian Arctic. See README.md file for details.</div> <div><br>Associated publication:</div> <div>de Greef, E., Müller, C., Snead A., Rivkin, L. R., Ferguson, S. H., Watt, C. A., Marcoux, M., Petersen, S. D., and Garroway, C. J. (2025). Identifying areas of potential risk based on future genetic adaptability in three Arctic whale species. <em>The American Naturalist.</em></div> <div> </div>
Offset-mode CT scan of an apple using table-top PHYWE scanner
<p>This is an X-ray dataset from a table-top PHYWE instrument recorded at the CINEMAX Summer School on 3D Imaging, August 2021, Fuglsang Manor, Lolland, Denmark.</p><p>The scanner was operated in offset mode, ie the centre-of-rotation was deliberately moved to the side to enable a larger field of view to image an object larger than the instrument's normal field of view, using a 360 degree scan. The object scanned is an apple collected in the Fuglsang Manor garden.</p><p>The data contains, in the raw/ folder the raw projections and in the reconstruction/ folder the reconstructed slices computed by the instrument's own software. These reconstructed slices do not contain the full apple and also shows double illumination from the offset scan geometry.</p><p>The file settings.cto contain all required geometrical information to set up the geometry for reconstruction using other software.</p>
Interpolated Quaternary and Jurassic surfaces below a 4.5 m dextral railroad offset near Summerville, SC
<p>Oblique view of the detrended morphology of the base of the Quaternary encountered in shallow auger holes in a ±30 km region near Summerville South Carolina (Weems and Lewis, 2002, Weems <em>et al</em>., 2014) and smoothed morphology of the prominent Jurassic reflector from reflection profiles from Chapman and Beales (2011). The smoothed Jurassic reflector is encountered at 560-850 m depth (Vert.= Hor. Scale x50); The Quaternary horizon lies at 3-9 m depth and its vertical scale is exagerrated x 5000.</p> <p>The vertical Summerville/ Gants fault is depicted with two colors. A dislocation model fit to a 4.5 m, 1.5 km scale dextral offset to the railroad (black line crossing the fault) shows that it slipped below ≈450 m, and this part of the fault is shaded red. Also shown with a broken dashed line are the eastern and southern edges of the Pneholoway Marine Terrace.</p> <p>The movie rotates about a point near Summerville that was raised by ≈1 m in the earthquake, and illustrates the coincidence of the upwarped base of the Quaternary and the Summerville/Gants fault, suggesting that the eastern edge of the Penholoway Terrace has been raised a few meters by earthquakes prior to the 1886 Charleston earthquake.</p>
Data for diffusion coefficient and offset figures
Data for a figure that shows the distributions of the mean and varance of the diffusion coefficient and offset that are found from the analysis of 1024 unique random walks using kinisi. This is performed for both a truely random walk and a temporally anti-correlated random walk.<br><br>Created using <a href="https://github.com/rodluger/showyourwork">showyourwork</a> from <a href="git@github.com:arm61/msd-errors/tree/75fc5afb67cd43425ac5554449aba4bddab52e84">this GitHub repo</a>.
msd-errors - Data for diffusion coefficient and offset figures3
Data for a figure that shows the distributions of the mean and varance of the diffusion coefficient and offset that are found from the analysis of 1024 unique random walks using kinisi. This is performed for both a truely random walk and a temporally anti-correlated random walk.<br><br>Created using <a href="https://github.com/rodluger/showyourwork">showyourwork</a> from <a href="git@github.com:arm61/msd-errors/tree/900ea562a3de64ba9ec05ddfdf2d4c41f611c37c">this GitHub repo</a>.
msd-errors - Data for diffusion coefficient and offset figures
Data for a figure that shows the distributions of the mean and varance of the diffusion coefficient and offset that are found from the analysis of 1024 unique random walks using kinisi. This is performed for both a truely random walk and a temporally anti-correlated random walk.<br><br>Created using <a href="https://github.com/rodluger/showyourwork">showyourwork</a> from <a href="git@github.com:arm61/msd-errors/tree/900ea562a3de64ba9ec05ddfdf2d4c41f611c37c">this GitHub repo</a>.
accelerations from the accelerometer, orbit determination and CoM offset
<p>accelerations from the accelerometer, orbit determination and CoM offset</p>
Data from: Floral resource diversification promotes solitary bee reproduction and may offset insecticide effects – evidence from a semi-field experiment
<p class="HeadingFK">Pollinator declines in agricultural landscapes are driven by multiple stressors, but potential interactions of these remain poorly studied. Using a highly replicated semi-field study with 56 mesocosms of varying wild plant diversity (2-16 species) and oilseed rape treated with a neonicotinoid, we tested the interacting effects of resource diversity and insecticides on reproduction of a solitary wild bee. Compared to mesocosms with oilseed rape monocultures, availability of resources from wild plants complementing oilseed rape doubled brood cell production. In addition, bee reproduction increased due to plant diversity and identity effects. Exposure to neonicotinoid-treated oilseed rape reduced bee larval to adult development by 69%, but only in mesocosms with oilseed rape monocultures. Availability of complementary flower resources can thus offset negative effects of neonicotinoid-treated oilseed rape on wild bee reproduction. Policy should encourage the implementation of diverse floral resources mitigating negative effects of crop monocultures and insecticides, thereby sustaining solitary bee populations in agricultural landscapes.</p>
The consequences of coastal offsets for fisheries
<ol> <li><span>Biodiversity offsetting is increasingly used to mitigate biodiversity impacts from development, but the practice of offsetting rarely considers how to also mitigate losses of ecosystem services. Offset rules, such as how near an offset must be to an impact site, may help ensure biodiversity offsets also counterbalance losses of ecosystem services but this has not yet well understood. </span></li> <li><span>We explored how different rules for siting coastal offsets could change net impacts to a provisioning ecosystem service: fishery resources in Queensland, Australia. A spatially-explicit model incorporating supply, flow and demand of fishery resources was developed to simulate contributions of offset sites to commercial fisheries in Queensland, Australia. We simulated offsets for losses due to 63 real projects that damaged mangroves and 14 projects damaging seagrasses. </span></li> <li><span>We found that the percentage of species suffering net negative outcomes for the whole commercial fishery increased from about 68% when offsets were located close to impact sites to > 85% when there were no restrictions on offset location. All fisheries for seagrass offsets suffered net economic losses under both scenarios, but these were worse when offsets were not required to be near to impact sites.</span></li> <li><span>Offsetting outcomes varied substantially across species. Species with shorter maximum dispersal distance and higher dispersal decay parameters suffered greater net losses.</span></li> <li> <span><i>Synthesis and applications.</i></span> <span>Our model quantified impacts of fishery habitat depletion and offsets on fishery resources and the approach can be applied to assess impacts of losses of fishery habitats globally. The findings suggest that to minimize losses of fishery resources caused by habitat depletion, offset policy should generally locate offset sites at the locations available for restoration that are nearest to impact sites, unless specific information about the relative contributions of sites to impacted fisheries is available to guide offset location.</span> </li> </ol>
Data for rehydrated experiment of isotopic offset
<p>This is the dataset for rehydration experiment for isotopic offest evaluation of 12 plants which published in GRL.</p>
Geodetic Model of 2017 Kerman earthquake sequences estimated from joint inversion of InSAR and offset tracking techniques
<p>We upload here the inSAR and Pixel offset tracking results obtained based on Radar, Sentinel-1, PlanetScope, and Sentinel-2 satellite data. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.