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134 results for “orb web”
Figure 3 in Orb-web spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae; Orbiculariae) captured by hunting-wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in an area of Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil
Figure 3. Relative abundance of the three most common spider genera in Trypoxylon albonigrum nests.
Web decoration is important in mediating foraging site fidelity as well as prey availability and predation risk in an orb-web spider
<p>Animals may consider both biotic and abiotic factors in foraging site choice. Among the biotic factors, food availability and predation risk are two widely reported important factors in determining foraging site fidelity. Their earlier investments, such as those retreat-building species' efforts in retreats construction, however, have been largely ignored. The orb-web spider <em>Cyclosa monticola</em> constructs a long column of masquerading detritus decoration in its web for predator avoidance purpose. This detritus decoration also functions as a retreat. However, the role of the detritus decoration for its foraging site fidelity is unknown. By manipulating three factors, presence of detritus decoration, prey availability, and predation risk to the spider webs in the field, we show that the self-constructed detritus decoration is as important as prey availability and predation risk in mediating web site fidelity. In addition, the web area also has a significant impact to the foraging site fidelity of the spider, those with larger webs were more likely to leave after being manipulated. However, other factors such as spider body size, decoration length, and rain all have no significant impact. Our study may strengthen the current understanding of the movement and foraging of animals, especially those building retreats.</p>
Web wars: Males of the golden orb-web spider invest more in fights for mated and aggregated females
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Web decoration is important in mediating foraging site fidelity as well as prey availability and predation risk in an orb-web spider
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Detritus decorations as the extended phenotype deflect avian predator attack increasing fitness in an orb‐web spider
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Data and code for: River noise alters orb-weaving spider abundance, web size, and prey capture
<p>Novel anthropogenic noise has received considerable attention in behavioral ecology, but natural acoustic environments have largely been ignored as ecological niche axes. In riparian sites, within an arid sagebrush steppe ecosystem, we use a natural range of acoustic environments along with experimentally broadcasted whitewater river noise to test our hypothesis that river noise is an important niche axis. We show that orb-weaving spiders (Araneidae and Tetragnathidae) are more abundant in high sound level environments, but do not seem to be affected by the background noise spectrum. We explore multiple hypotheses for these patterns, such as loss of vertebrate predators and increased prey capture, and then assess how web-building behavior and body condition may be altered. Here, we demonstrate that river noise has the potential to alter spider abundance and behavior.</p>
Data from: Urbanization-driven changes in web-building and body size in an orb-web spider
1. In animals, behavioural responses may play an important role in determining population persistence in the face of environmental changes. Body size is a key trait central to many life history traits and behaviours. Correlations with body size may constrain behavioural variation in response to environmental changes, especially when size itself is influenced by environmental conditions. 2. Urbanization is an important human-induced rapid environmental change that imposes multiple selection pressures on both body size and (size-constrained) behaviour. How these combine to shape behavioural responses of urban-dwelling species is unclear. 3. Using web-building, an easily quantifiable behaviour linked to body size, and the garden spider Araneus diadematus as a model, we evaluated direct behavioural responses to urbanization and body size constraints across a network of 63 selected populations differing in urbanization intensity. We additionally studied urbanization at two spatial scales to account for some environmental pressures varying across scales and to obtain first qualitative insights about the role of plasticity and genetic selection. 4. Spiders were smaller in highly urbanized sites (local scale only), in line with expectations based on reduced prey biomass availability and the Urban Heat Island effect. Web surface and mesh width decreased with urbanization at the local scale, while web surface also increased with urbanization at the landscape scale. The latter two responses are expected to compensate, at least in part, for reduced prey biomass availability in cities. The use of multivariate mixed modelling reveals that although web traits and body size are correlated within populations, behavioural responses to urbanization do not appear to be constrained by size: there is no evidence of size-web correlations among populations or among landscapes, and web traits appear independent from each other. 5. Our results demonstrate that responses in size-dependent behaviours may be decoupled from size changes, thereby allowing fitness maximisation in novel environments. The spatial scale at which traits respond suggests contributions of both genetic adaptation (for web investment) and plasticity (for mesh width). Although fecundity decreased with local-scale urbanization, Araneus diadematus abundances were similar across urbanization gradients; behavioural responses thus appear overall successful at the population level.
Data from: Bourgeois behaviour and freeloading in the colonial orb-web spider Parawixia bistriata (Araneae, Araneidae)
Spiders of the tropical American colonial orb weaver Parawixia bistriata form a communal bivouac in daytime. At sunset, they leave the bivouac and construct individual, defended webs within a large, communally built scaffolding of permanent, thick silk lines between trees and bushes. Once spiders started building a web, they repelled other spiders walking on nearby scaffolding with a "bounce" behavior. In nearly all cases (93%), this resulted in the intruder leaving without a fight, akin to the "bourgeois strategy," in which residents win and intruders retreat without escalated contests. However, a few spiders (6.5%) did not build a web due to lack of available space. Webless spiders were less likely to leave when bounced (only 42% left) and instead attempted to "freeload," awaiting the capture of prey items in nearby webs. Our simple model shows that webless spiders should change their strategy from bourgeois to freeloading satellite as potential web sites become increasingly occupied.
FIGURE 12 in Three species of hackled-orb web spider genus Miagrammopes from China (Araneae, Uloboridae)
FIGURE 12. Miagrammopes bifurcatus Dong, Yan, Zhu & Song, female. A, epigynum, ventral view; B, vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; CT, connecting tube; FD, fertilization duct; PB, prolateral bursa; RB, retrolateral bursa. Scale bars: A, B, 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 9 in Three species of hackled-orb web spider genus Miagrammopes from China (Araneae, Uloboridae)
FIGURE 9. Miagrammopes bifurcatus Dong, Yan, Zhu & Song, palp of male. A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, lateral view. Abbreviations: C, cymbium; E, embolus; R, radix; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TE, tibial extend; SD, sperm duct. Scale bars: A−C, 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 10 in Three species of hackled-orb web spider genus Miagrammopes from China (Araneae, Uloboridae)
FIGURE 10. Miagrammopes bifurcatus Dong, Yan, Zhu & Song, female. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view; C, habitus, lateral view; D, carapace, dorsal view; E, sternum, ventral view; F, leg I, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, F, 1 mm; D, E, 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 8 in Three species of hackled-orb web spider genus Miagrammopes from China (Araneae, Uloboridae)
FIGURE 8. Miagrammopes bifurcatus Dong, Yan, Zhu & Song, palp of male. A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C, lateral view. Abbreviations: C, cymbium; E, embolus; R, radix; T, tegulum; TA, terminal apophysis; TE, tibial extend; SD, sperm duct. Scale bars: A−C, 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 6. Miagrammopes rutundus n in Three species of hackled-orb web spider genus Miagrammopes from China (Araneae, Uloboridae)
FIGURE 6. Miagrammopes rutundus n. sp., holotype, female. A, epigynum, ventral view; B, vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; CT, connecting tube; FD, fertilization duct; PB, prolateral bursa; RB, retrolateral bursa. Scale bars: A, B, 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 4. Miagrammopes rutundus n in Three species of hackled-orb web spider genus Miagrammopes from China (Araneae, Uloboridae)
FIGURE 4. Miagrammopes rutundus n. sp., holotype, female. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view; C, habitus, lateral view; D, carapace, dorsal view; E, sternum, ventral view; F, leg I, retrolateral view; G calamistrum, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, F, 1 mm; D, E, G 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 7 in Three species of hackled-orb web spider genus Miagrammopes from China (Araneae, Uloboridae)
FIGURE 7. Miagrammopes bifurcatus Dong, Yan, Zhu & Song, male. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view; C, habitus, lateral view; D, carapace, dorsal view; E, sternum, ventral view; F, leg I, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–C, F, 1 mm; D, E, 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 3. Miagrammopes auriculatus n in Three species of hackled-orb web spider genus Miagrammopes from China (Araneae, Uloboridae)
FIGURE 3. Miagrammopes auriculatus n. sp., holotype, female. A, epigynum, ventral view. B, vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations, CD, copulatory duct; CT, connecting tube; FD, fertilization duct; PB, prolateral bursa; RB, retrolateral bursa. Scale bars, A, B, 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 2. Miagrammopes auriculatus n in Three species of hackled-orb web spider genus Miagrammopes from China (Araneae, Uloboridae)
FIGURE 2. Miagrammopes auriculatus n. sp., holotype, female. A, epigynum, ventral view. B, vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; CT, connecting tube; FD, fertilization duct; PB, prolateral bursa; RB, retrolateral bursa. Scale bars, A, B, 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 5. Miagrammopes rutundus n in Three species of hackled-orb web spider genus Miagrammopes from China (Araneae, Uloboridae)
FIGURE 5. Miagrammopes rutundus n. sp., holotype, female. A, epigynum, ventral view; B, vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; CT, connecting tube; FD, fertilization duct; PB, prolateral bursa; RB, retrolateral bursa. Scale bars: A, B, 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 13 in Three species of hackled-orb web spider genus Miagrammopes from China (Araneae, Uloboridae)
FIGURE 13. Collection localities for three Miagrammopes spp. in China. 1, M. bifurcatus Dong, Yan, Zhu & Song, 2004; 2, M. auriculatus n. sp.; 3, M. rutundus n. sp.
FIGURE 11 in Three species of hackled-orb web spider genus Miagrammopes from China (Araneae, Uloboridae)
FIGURE 11. Miagrammopes bifurcatus Dong, Yan, Zhu & Song, female. A, epigynum, ventral view; B, vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; CT, connecting tube; FD, fertilization duct; PB, prolateral bursa; RB, retrolateral bursa. Scale bars: A, B, 0.1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.