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388 results for “organic matter”
Supporting data for review article: The Global Distribution, Formation, and Fate of Mineral-Associated Soil Organic Matter Under a Changing Climate – A Trait-Based Perspective
<p>Supporting data and code for review article: Sokol N.W., Whalen E.D., Kallenbach C., Pett-Ridge J., Georgiou K. The Global Distribution, Formation, and Fate of Mineral-Associated Soil Organic Matter Under a Changing Climate – A Trait-Based Perspective. <em>Functional Ecology, </em>2022.</p> <p>We leveraged data from a global synthesis of soil fractionation measurements (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5987415). For this review article, we specifically focused on measurements of bulk and mineral-associated soil organic carbon concentrations (reported in units of gC/kg soil) and the proportion of bulk soil organic carbon that is mineral-associated (reported as a %). This subset also includes auxiliary data regarding climate and biome characteristics extracted from the synthesized papers; for more variables, see the original full dataset. Köppen-Geiger climate zones were extracted from a georeferenced global database (using R package 'kgc' v1.0.0.2) with site coordinates, where available. Three files are provided in this repository: (1) data file, (2) metadata file, and (3) code for manuscript figures and summary statistics.</p>
Organic Matter and Decomposition Rate Observational Data from Salt Marshes of North Carolina
<p>This data have been collected from salt marshes in Masonboro Island and Wrightsville Beach in NC, US, in 2015 and 2016.</p> <p>The data include organic matter percent, organic carbon percent, bulk density, decomposition rate, stabilization factor, marsh elevation and vegetation cover all along transects from the channel to the inner marsh.</p>
Dataset for "Contrasting Effects of Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Challenge the N-Mining Hypothesis for Soil Organic Matter Priming"
<p>Dataset for the article:</p> <p>Mason-Jones, K., Schmücker, N., Kuzyakov, Y. (2018) Contrasting Effects of Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Challenge the N-Mining Hypothesis for Soil Organic Matter Priming. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 124, 38-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.05.024</p>
Stream metabolism (as resazurin-resorufin transformation) along a boreal headwater stream and its relation to groundwater organic matter supply
<p>Datasets supporting the manuscript entitled "<strong><em>Groundwater-stream connections shape the spatial patterns and rates of aquatic metabolism</em></strong>", published in L<em>imnology and Oceanography Letters</em>. Three datasets are available:</p> <ul> <li>"<em><strong>Groundwater_Characterization.csv":</strong></em> dissolved organic matter characterization of and heterotrophic activity associated with, the major water sources discharging into a headwater boreal stream during summer 2017. Major water sources are: lake water and five discrete groundwater inflows (here named as <em>discrete riparian inflow points)</em>.</li> <li>"<em><strong>Raz_Additions.csv</strong></em>": Constant-rate additions of resazurin performed in a boreal headwater stream (Krycklan catchment, Sweden) during seven dates of summer 2017. Data contains resazurin and resorufin concentrations from the surface and hyporheic water at 18 stations along a 90-m long reach. </li> <li>"<em><strong>Raz_transformation_metric.csv</strong></em>": Hydrologic and metabolic characterization of the 90-m long reach for the seven resazurin additions conducted in summer 2017. </li> </ul> <p>More information about the data can be found in the document "<strong><em>Metadata.doc</em></strong>". Information about field and laboratory procedures can be found in the main manuscript or in the document "<strong><em>Supporting_Information.doc</em></strong>".</p>
Raw data from Cao et al. (2023) "Electron exchange capacity of pyrogenic dissolved organic matter (DOM): Complementarity of square-wave voltammetry in DMSO and mediated chronoamperometry in water"
<p>Measured and fitted data from square-wave voltammetry (SWV) in DMSO for electron exchange capacities (EECs) of pyrogenic natural organic matter (pyDOM) and natural organic matter (NOM) standards. </p> <p>From Cao, H., A. S. Pavitt, J. M. Hudson, P. G. Tratnyek, and W. Xu. 2023. Electron exchange capacity of pyrogenic dissolved organic matter (DOM): Complementarity of square-wave voltammetry in DMSO and mediated chronoamperometry in water. Environ. Sci. Proc. Impacts: ASAP. [10.1039/d3em00009e]</p> <p>The manuscript reports electron accepting capacity (EAC), electron donating capacity (EDC), and electron exchange capacities (EECs) measured with a new method involving square-wave voltammetry in an aprotic solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO). The measurement method, fitting of peak areas, and conversion of peak areas to EECs are described in the main text and supporting information of the manuscript.</p> <p>Here we provide the original measured data, baseline corrected data used in the peak fitting, and fitted peak area data that were used to obtain the final EEC values. The data are provided in one .xlsx file that contains multiple tabs: (i) a table of contents, (ii) a summary of the final fitting results, and (iii) tabs numbered R1-R40 containing raw measured data for each pyDOM/NOM sample.</p> <p>The data provided here should be sufficient to replicate and verify all of the analysis described in the manuscript. If you use these data, please cite this Zenodo record (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.7747020) and the original manuscript (DOI: 10.1039/d3em00009e).</p>
Seasonal controls override forest harvesting effects on the composition of dissolved organic matter mobilized from boreal forest soil organic horizons
<p>Dataset comprised of nutrient fluxes (DOC, TDN, NH4, TDN and SRP), optical parameters related to DOM composition (SUVA, spectral slopes and slope ratio), pH, and other nutrient and elemental ratios for passive pan lysimeters installed across terrestrial sites in Pynn's Brook, Newfoundland.</p>
Gridded global organic matter reactivity (RCM parameter a, in years)
<p>Gridded data product for the globally extrapolated RCM parameter a (in yrs) and its respective reactivity k (in 1/yrs from k = nu/a). This represents a combination of the two datasets presented in the main text in Fig. 9. The deep-sea extrapolation uses data from Seiter, Hensen, and Zabel (2005), while the shallow ocean (SFD<1000m) uses data from Jørgensen, Wenzhöfer, Egger, and Glud (2022). The area South-Est of Australia remains empty as in Seiter et al. (2005) and for reasons given in the main text.</p>
Universal microbial reworking of dissolved organic matter along environmental gradients
<p>Soils are losing increasing amounts of carbon annually to freshwaters as dissolved organic matter (DOM), which, if degraded, can increasingly offset their carbon sink capacity. DOM is more susceptible to degradation closer to its source and becomes increasingly dominated by the same (i.e., universal), difficult-to-degrade compounds as degradation proceeds. However, the processes underlying DOM degradation across environments are poorly understood. Here we found DOM changed similarly along soil-aquatic gradients irrespective of differences in environmental conditions. Using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, we tracked DOM along soil depths and hillslope positions in forest headwater catchments and related its composition to soil microbiomes and physico-chemical conditions. Along depths and hillslopes, carbohydrate-like and unsaturated hydrocarbon-like compounds increased in abundance-weighted mass, suggestive of microbial reworking of plant material. More than half of the variation in the abundance of these compounds was related to the expression of genes essential for degrading plant-derived carbohydrates. Our results implicate continuous microbial reworking in shifting DOM towards universal compounds in soils. By synthesising data from the land-to-ocean continuum, we suggest these processes can be generalised across ecosystems and spatiotemporal scales. Such general degradation patterns can be leveraged to predict DOM composition and its downstream reactivity along environmental gradients to inform management of soil-to-stream carbon losses.</p>
Porewater sulfide, sediment sulfur, and organic matter data in West Falmouth Harbor, 2017-2019
West Falmouth Harbor (West Falmouth, MA, USA) has been experiencing a dramatic increase in nitrogen loading from an upgradient municipal wastewater treatment facility since the early 2000’s. As part of a long-term study into the effects of this nitrogen enrichment, each summer in 2017-2019 we sampled sediment and porewater to assess the relationship between belowground sulfur and carbon pools and seagrass health. This dataset contains information on porewater sulfide, porewater sulfate to chloride molar ratios, sediment organic matter, and sediment total sulfur from sites across three basins of West Falmouth Harbor that receive varying inputs of nitrogen. The data supports findings reported in Haviland et al., 2022 (https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12025).
Sediment organic matter at two stations in West Falmouth Harbor between 2007 and 2016
West Falmouth Harbor (West Falmouth, MA, USA) has been experiencing a dramatic increase in nitrogen loading from an upgradient municipal wastewater treatment facility since the early 2000’s. As part of a long-term study into the effects of this nitrogen enrichment, we have measured multiple biogeochemical processes at two locations within the harbor at either end of the eutrophication gradient - one in the well-flushed outer harbor (OH) and one in the inner basin closer to the dominant groundwater N source (Snug Harbor, SH). Samples of the top 4cm of the sediment profile were taken each year and analyzed for organic matter content via loss on ignition in the top 1cm and the sediment from 3-4cm deep. In a subset of years, intermediate depths were quantified, as well as samples below 4cm. Note, calculations for loss on ignition do not account for the weight of salt from porewater dried with the samples. A separate analysis found that salt accounts for between 3 and 19% of the dry weight of the sediment, depending on porosity. A calibration was done with percent carbon in 2009, showing a tight linear correlation between carbon content and organic matter across the entire site (%LOI = 2.71*%C + 0.2471).
2018 Priming experiment to investigate dissolved organic matter turnover
This dataset is associated with an experiment that was conducted on the University of Florida's campus to evaluate the role of priming in dissolved organic matter turnover. Incubations were established with dissolved organic matter substrates derived from a 13C-labeled algal substrate, mangrove peat derived dissolved organic matter leachate, and a primed condition with both algal and peat substrates. A seawater control was also included. This dataset includes measurements of water chemistry, carbon dioxide, stable isotopes, and gene counts for clusters of orthologous genes (COG). For more information, please refer to Morrison et al., Mangrove peat and algae leachates elicit rapid and contrasting molecular and microbial responses in coastal waters.
Fungal traits associated with soil organic matter formation, Harvard Forest, Petersham MA, 2020-2023
Soil microbes are a major source of organic residues that accumulate as soil organic matter (SOM), the largest terrestrial reservoir of carbon on Earth. As such, there is growing interest in determining the microbial traits that drive SOM formation and stabilization; however, whether certain microbial traits consistently predict SOM accumulation across different functional pools (e.g., total vs. stable SOM) is unresolved. To address these uncertainties, we incubated individual species of fungi in SOM-free model soils, allowing us to directly relate the physiological, morphological, and biochemical traits of fungi to their SOM formation potentials. We find that the formation of different SOM functional pools is associated with distinct fungal traits, and that ‘multifunctional’ species with intermediate investment across this key grouping of traits (namely, carbon use efficiency, growth rate, turnover rate, and biomass protein and phenol contents) promote SOM formation, functional complexity, and stability. Our results highlight the limitations of categorical trait-based frameworks that describe binary (high/low) trade-offs between microbial traits, instead emphasizing the importance of synergies among microbial traits for the formation of functionally complex SOM.
Dissolved organic matter characterization for seasonal synoptic sampling of 100 urban streams in Boston, Massachusetts (USA) from 2021-2022
This dataset contains dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics from surface water samples collected at 100 urban stream locations in the greater Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. Samples were collected four times (September 2021, November 2021, April 2022, and July 2022) to capture spatial and seasonal variation in DOM characteristics. Fluorescent optical properties were measured on filtered water samples to understand the chemical composition of DOM. Excitation-Emission Matrices (EEMs) were measured using a Horiba Aqualog spectrometer. DOM characteristics were quantified using both standard fluorescence and absorbance metrics as well as through parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. These data were collected as part of the Carbon in Urban Rivers Biogeochemistry (CURB) Project. Detailed field data and site data are published separately and can be linked using the “curbid” and “synoptic_event” columns in each dataset.
Higgins et al. 2024 study on dissolved organic matter controls and effects at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario, Canada, 1970-2019
This dataset represents long-term ecological reserch data collected at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario, Canada (1970 - 2019) used to support a research study reported in (Higgins et al. 2024). The study examines the relationships between long-term changes in precipitation, dissolved organic matter (DOM) loading and lake concentrations, and various physical, chemical and biological indicators.
Dissolved organic matter characterization for seasonal synoptic sampling of 100 urban streams in Miami, Florida (USA) from 2021-2022
This dataset contains dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics from surface water samples collected at 100 urban stream and canal locations in the greater Miami, Florida metropolitan area. Samples were collected five times across different seasons to capture spatial and seasonal variation in DOC concentration. These events include the wet seasons of 2021 and 2022, as well as the dry season of 2022, specifically: Summer 2021 (Wet; July 8 to July 27), Fall 2021 (Wet; September 27 to October 7), Winter 2022 (Dry; January 3 to January 13), Spring 2022 (Dry; April 7 to April 23), and Summer 2022 (Wet; June 1 to June 13). Fluorescent optical properties were measured on filtered water samples to understand the chemical composition of DOM. Excitation-Emission Matrices (EEMs) were measured using a Horiba Aqualog spectrometer. DOM characteristics were quantified using both standard fluorescence and absorbance metrics as well as through parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. These data were collected as part of the Carbon in Urban Rivers Biogeochemistry (CURB) Project. Detailed field data and site data are published separately and can be linked using the “curbid” and “synoptic_event” columns in each dataset.
Dissolved organic matter characterization for seasonal synoptic sampling of 100 urban streams in Portland, Oregon (USA) from 2023-2024
This dataset contains dissolved organic matter characteristics from surface water samples collected at 100 urban stream locations in the greater Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. Samples were collected four times (July 2023, October 2023, January 2024, and May 2024) to capture spatial and seasonal variation in DOC concentrations. Fluorescent optical properties were measured on filtered water samples to understand the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter. Excitation-Emission Matrices (EEMs) were measured using a Horiba Aqualog spectrometer. DOM characteristics were quantified using both standard fluorescence and absorbance metrics as well as through parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. These data were collected as part of the Carbon in Urban Rivers Biogeochemistry (CURB) Project. Detailed field data and site data are published separately and can be linked using the “curbid” and “synoptic_event” columns in each dataset.
Dissolved organic matter characterization for seasonal synoptic sampling of 100 urban streams in Salt Lake City, Utah (USA) from 2023-2024
This dataset contains dissolved organic matter (DOC) characteristics from surface water samples collected at 100 urban stream locations in the greater Salt Lake City, Utah metropolitan area. Samples were collected four times (July 2023, October 2023, January 2024, and May 2024) to capture spatial and seasonal variation in DOC concentrations. Fluorescent optical properties were measured on filtered water samples to understand the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter. Excitation-Emission Matrices (EEMs) were measured using a Horiba Aqualog spectrometer. DOM characteristics were quantified using both standard fluorescence and absorbance metrics as well as through parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. These data were collected as part of the Carbon in Urban Rivers Biogeochemistry (CURB) Project. Detailed field data and site data are published separately and can be linked using the “curbid” and “synoptic_event” columns in each data
Dissolved organic matter characterization for seasonal synoptic sampling of 93 urban streams in Atlanta, Georgia (USA) from 2021-2022
This dataset contains dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics from surface water samples collected at 93 first- to fifth-order streams in the Altamaha, Chattahoochee, and Flint Watersheds draining a gradient of urban land use in the greater Atlanta, Georgia metropolitan area. Samples were collected four times (September 2021, December 2021, March 2022, and July 2022) to capture spatial and seasonal variation in DOM characteristics. Fluorescent optical properties were measured on filtered water samples to understand the chemical composition of DOM. Excitation-Emission Matrices (EEMs) were measured using a Horiba Aqualog spectrometer. DOM characteristics were quantified using both standard fluorescence and absorbance metrics as well as through parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. These data were collected as part of the Carbon in Urban Rivers Biogeochemistry (CURB) Project. Detailed field data and site data are published separately and can be linked using the “curbid” and “synoptic_event” columns in each dataset.
Nutrient and microbial characteristics of mountain stream fine benthic organic matter in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, 1995 to 1996
Numerous studies have examined qualitative shifts in leaf litter composition in the early to middle stages of decomposition. (Suberkropp, Godshalk and Klug 1976, Petersen and Cummins 1974, Findlay and Arsuffi 1989) which have shown that changes in leaf species and composition lead to marked differences in microbial processing rates (Suberkropp and Klug 1976) and that leaf and woody debris decomposition rates are related to both litter C:N and extracellular enzyme activities (Taylor et al. 1989, Sinsabaugh et al. 1992, Sinsabaugh and Linkins 1993). Since most organic matter moves through streams as fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) (Sinsabaugh et al. 1992) it is a potentially important link between terrestrial and aquatic environments. Although there is increasing interest in understanding FPOM dynamics, there have been few studies of factors influencing stream sediment FBOM chemical or microbial characteristics.
Soil aggregate size distribution and particulate organic matter content from Arctic LTER moist acidic tundra nutrient addition plots, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, sampled July 2011.
Soil aggregate size distribution, aggregate carbon and nitrogen, and light fraction carbon were determined for mineral soils in moist acidic tundra. Soil was sampled in control, and N+P plots of the Arctic LTER Moist Acidic Tundra plots established in 1989 and 2006.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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