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388 results for “parental effects”
Data from: Parental care buffers against effects of ambient temperature on offspring performance in an insect
Understanding how animals respond to and cope with variation in ambient temperature is an important priority. The reason for this is that ambient temperature is a key component of the physical environment that influences offspring performance in a wide range of ectotherms and endotherms. Here, we investigate whether post-hatching parental care provides a behavioral mechanism for buffering against the effects of ambient temperature on offspring in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. We used a 3×2 factorial design where we manipulated ambient temperature (15, 20 or 25°C) and parental care (presence or absence of a female parent after hatching). We found that the effect of ambient temperature on offspring performance was conditional upon the presence or absence of a caring female. Fewer larvae survived in the absence than in the presence of a caring female at 15°C whilst there was no difference in larval survival at 20 and 25°C. Our results show that parental care buffers against some of the detrimental effects of variation in ambient temperature on offspring. We suggest that post-hatching parental care may buffer against such effects by creating a more benign environment or by boosting offspring resilience towards stressors. Our results have important implications for our understanding of the evolution of parental care because they suggest that the evolution of parental care could allow species to expand their geographical range to colonize areas with harsher climatic conditions than they otherwise would tolerate.
Data from: Post-hatching parental care masks the effects of egg size on offspring fitness: a removal experiment on burying beetles
Parents can increase the fitness of their offspring by allocating nutrients to eggs and/or providing care for eggs and offspring. Although we have a good understanding of the adaptive significance of both egg size and parental care, remarkably little is known about the co-evolution of these two mechanisms for increasing offspring fitness. Here, we report a parental removal experiment on the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides in which we test whether post-hatching parental care masks the effect of egg size on offspring fitness. As predicted, we found that the parent's presence or absence had a strong main effect on larval body mass, while there was no detectable effect of egg size. Furthermore, egg size had a strong and positive effect on offspring body mass in the parent's absence, while it had no effect on offspring body mass in the parent's presence. These results support the suggestion that the stronger effect of post-hatching parental care on offspring growth masks the weaker effect of egg size. We found no correlation between the number and size of eggs. However, there was a negative correlation between larval body mass and brood size in the parent's presence, but not in its absence. These findings suggest that the trade-off between number and size of offspring is shifted from the egg stage towards the end of the parental care period, and that post-hatching parental care somehow moderates this trade-off.
Fig. 1 in Effect Of Parental Care On The Duration Of Larval Development And Offspring Survival In Nicrophorus Mexicanus Matthews (Coleoptera: Silphidae)
Fig. 1. Differences in time development among the three experimental groups in N. mexicanus Mattews. 1.—Control group; 2.—Broodmass present and parents removed; 3.—Without parental care (brood mass not present and parents removed).
Fig. 2 in Effect Of Parental Care On The Duration Of Larval Development And Offspring Survival In Nicrophorus Mexicanus Matthews (Coleoptera: Silphidae)
Fig. 2. Differences between the number of adults emerged in each of the three experimental groups in N. mexicanus Matthews. 1.—Control group; 2.—Broodmass present and parents removed; 3.—Without parental care (brood mass not present and parents removed).
Data for: Heritability and parental effects in telomere length in a color polymorphic long-lived bird
<p>Telomere length, an indicator of senescence, has been shown to be heritable but can also be affected by environmental factors, like parental effects. Investigating heritability as well as parental effects and rearing environment can help us to understand the factors affecting offspring telomeres. Moreover, how phenotypic parental traits linked with fitness can impact offspring telomere length is still unclear. A phenotypic marker closely associated with physiological traits and fitness is melanin-based color polymorphism, which in tawny owl (<em>Strix aluco</em>) is highly heritable and strongly associated with adult telomere shortening and survival. We studied narrow-sense heritability (h<sup>2</sup>) of telomere length (RTL), as well as the impact of parental age and color morph and their interaction on offspring telomere length. Offspring RTL at fledging was strongly positively correlated with both mother and father RTL at breeding. Offspring RTL was also negatively associated with father age, suggesting that older fathers sired offspring with shorter telomeres. Parental color morph did not explain offspring telomere length and there were no interactive effects of parental morph and age, despite previously documented morph-specific senescence patterns. Our results suggest that telomere length is highly heritable and affected by paternal age, but not related to color polymorphism. This suggests that either morph-specific telomere shortening as adult does not result in significantly shorter telomeres in their gametes, or that parents compensate morph-specific senescence via parental care. Morph-specific patterns of telomere dynamics in polymorphic species may thus emerge from different life-history strategies adopted in adulthood.</p>
Parental effects on inbreeding depression in a beetle with obligate parental care
<p><span>Inbreeding depression occurs when individuals who are closely related mate and produce offspring with reduced fitness. Although inbreeding depression is a genetic phenomenon, the magnitude of inbreeding depression can be influenced by environmental conditions and parental effects. In this study, we tested whether size-based parental effects influence the magnitude of inbreeding depression in an insect with elaborate and obligate parental care (the burying beetle, <em>Nicrophorus</em> <em>orbicollis</em>). We first tested for size-dependent maternal effects on offspring size using a phenotypic manipulation experiment where we created large and small adults by manipulating the amount of time they fed as larvae. Consistent with studies of other <em>Nicrophorus</em> species, we found that larger mothers produced larger offspring. We next tested for size-dependent parental effects on the magnitude of inbreeding depression in two traits: mean larval mass and survival from larval dispersal to eclosion. As in our first experiment, we found that larger parents produced larger offspring. However, larval mass was also influenced by the interaction between parental body size and inbreeding status: when parents were small, inbred larvae were smaller than outbred larvae, but when parents were large this pattern was reversed. In contrast, survival from larval dispersal to adult emergence showed inbreeding depression that was unaffected by parental body size. Our results suggest that size-based parental effects can generate variation in the magnitude of inbreeding depression. However, further work is needed to dissect the mechanisms through which this might occur and to better understand why parental size influences inbreeding depression in some traits but not others.</span></p>
Effectiveness of a Web-based Intervention for Guardians of Children Whose One Parent Has Murdered the Other
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00737035. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Effectiveness of a Parent-mediated Intervention With PACT on Children With ASD
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04244721. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Promoting Children's Mental Health: The Effects of a Parenting Program
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03030352. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Effect of Video-Based Educational Content for Parents and Children on Anxiety, Fear, and Pain During Blood Draw in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07152665. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Effects of Baby Massage on Parenting Stress and Attachment in Premature
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04255797. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effects of a Short-term Parent Mediated Social Training on Developmental Trajectories in Infants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03404505. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of Skin-to-skin Contact on Interaction and Parents' Sleep
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03004677. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Effects of Different Parental Involvement on Anxiety and Delirium
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06634680. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effectiveness of a Web-based Nursing Intervention in the Reduction of Postpartum Depression and Parenting Stress.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02843022. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 22.
Effect of Parental Absence on Child's Dental Anxiety and Behaviors During Dental Treatment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05125731. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Effectiveness of Video-feedback for Positive Parenting with Children At Risk of ASD
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06604988. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.
Effect of a Family Empowerment Program on Coping, Problem Solving in Parents, and Quality of Life in Children With Cystic Fibrosis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03800459. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of Individualized Nursing Care for Parents of Pediatric Oncology Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05191641. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Effects of Contact Restrictions During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Newborns and Their Parents
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04732702. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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