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Fig. 5 in Comparative analysis of morphospace of Neotropical Sericini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): disparity in the light of species diversity and activity patterns

Fig. 5 Patterns of disparity derived from discrete morphological data: plots of axis 1 and 2 from principal coordinate analysis. Color coding of Neotropical genera corresponds to that of Fig. 4

Fig. 3 in Comparative analysis of morphospace of Neotropical Sericini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): disparity in the light of species diversity and activity patterns

Fig. 3 Boxplots for selected genera of the total body length (in mm), of the ratio maximal body width/ maximal elytra length (EL), of the ratio metatibial length/maximal metatibial width, of the ratio maxi-

Fig. 4 in Comparative analysis of morphospace of Neotropical Sericini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): disparity in the light of species diversity and activity patterns

Fig. 4 Patterns of disparity derived from morphospace: plots of PC 1 and 2 A raw data (all); B raw data (BL excluded), C log-normalized data (all); D log-normalized data (BL excluded)

Fig. 2 in Comparative analysis of morphospace of Neotropical Sericini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): disparity in the light of species diversity and activity patterns

Fig. 2 Illustration of potential trait correlation: A elytral length vs total body length, B maximum body width vs. vs total body length, C maximum body width vs. elytral length, D size of eyes (i.e., maximum ratio ocular diameter/minimum interocular distance) vs maxi-

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

BEHAVIOURAL PATTERNS OF CHILDREN IN KADUNA STATE ORPHANAGES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Background: - The plight of orphans, exacerbated by conflict, disease, and socioeconomic factors, remains a pressing global issue, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria, notably impacted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, terrorism, and natural disasters, has witnessed a substantial increase in orphan populations. These children face severe challenges, including child abuse, malnutrition, limited access to education, stigmatization, and a range of psychological and behavioral disorders. Despite some interventions, orphanages primarily address material needs, often neglecting comprehensive medical, social, and psychosocial support. This study explores the behavioral patterns of orphans in Kaduna, Nigeria, and examines how their medical and social challenges compare across various orphanages. Methodology: - A cross-sectional, comparative analysis was conducted among 100 orphans from selected orphanages in Kaduna. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires assessing socio-demographics, medical conditions, behavioral patterns, stigma, psychosocial status, and coping strategies. Results: - The mean age of respondents was 10 years, with 68% being male. Nutritional issues were prevalent, with 53.7% classified as underweight despite 54.9% reportedly consuming balanced diets. Medical concerns were significant, with 33.7% showing clinical signs of illness and 46.7% not fully immunized. Behavioral issues were prominent, including hyperactivity symptoms (27.0%), enuresis (22.3%), and depressive symptoms (1.8%). Socially, most respondents (83.3%) reported positive peer relationships, though bullying (11.4%) and stigmatization (9%) were also observed. Educational access was generally high, with only 2.2% not attending school. However, social support systems varied, with 35.2% reporting strong support and 46.8% adapting their goals as a coping mechanism. Conclusion: - The findings highlight the complex medical and behavioral challenges faced by orphans in Kaduna's orphanages, underscoring the need for integrated interventions that provide medical, psychosocial, and educational support. A holistic approach is crucial to improving their overall well-being and future prospects.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

"@alex, this fixes #9": Analysis of Referencing Patterns in Pull Request Discussions

This publication consists of a dataset of 7k references manually identified in 450 Pull request (PR) discussion threads sampled from GitHub in CSV format. In addition to the dataset, it also contains R code files which were written to analyze this dataset statistically. This dataset is released under the research, which is accepted for publication at CSCW 2021 conference, titled "@alex, this fixes #9": Analysis of Referencing Patterns in Pull Request Discussions". Paper Abstract Pull Requests (PRs) are a frequently used method for proposing changes to source code repositories. When discussing proposed changes in a PR discussion, stakeholders often reference a wide variety of information objects for establishing shared awareness and common ground. Previous work has not considered how referential behavior impacts collaborative software development via PRs. This knowledge gap is the major barrier in evaluating the current support for referencing in PRs and improving them. We conducted an explorative analysis of ~7K references, collected from 450 public PRs on GitHub, and constructed taxonomies of referent types and expressions. Using our annotated dataset, we identified several patterns in the use of references. Referencing source code elements was prevalent but the authoring interface lacks support for it. Three classes of contextual factors influence referencing behaviors: referent type, discussion thread, and project attributes. Referencing patterns may indicate PR outcomes (e.g., merged PRs frequently reference issues, users, and tests). We conclude with design implications to support more effective referencing in PR discussion interfaces.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2006View details →

Figure 3 in Systematics, variation, and developmental instability: analysis of spine patterns in ancestrulae of a common bryozoan

Figure 3. Seasonal trends in frequencies of 3:3:1 (black) and variant (grey) spine patterns for the first-generation ancestrulae over the course of the 7-week sampling period from 14 July to 25 August. The ratio of variants to 3:3:1 and % variants are included.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2006View details →

Figure 1 in Systematics, variation, and developmental instability: analysis of spine patterns in ancestrulae of a common bryozoan

Figure 1. (A) SEM of an ancestrula of Bugula stolonifera: this ancestrula has a spine pattern of 4:3:1 (see Figure 2); (B) diagram of the position of left and right distal margins and position of the proximal spine.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2006View details →

Figure 2 in Systematics, variation, and developmental instability: analysis of spine patterns in ancestrulae of a common bryozoan

Figure 2. Some common spine pattern formulae and views of the frontal membrane of ancestralae of Bugula stolonifera. All spine patterns are recorded from the viewpoint of the ancestrula right:left:proximal. (A) Diagram of an ancestrula with the typical 3:3:1 spine pattern cited in the text; (B) 3:3:0 variant spine pattern resulting from a loss of the proximal spine: this spine pattern was the most abundant variant spine pattern accounting for 54% of the variant spine patterns; (C) 3:2:1 variant spine pattern resulting from a loss on the left distal margin; (D) 4:3:1 variant spine pattern resulting from a spine gain on the right distal margin.

Text-fig. 54. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; a–e, g, h) and synchrotron x-ray microscopy (SRXTM; f, i) images of unnamed angiosperm fruits and seeds; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Follicle sp. 1, narrow elongate follicle with sessile and decurrent stigma; b) Follicle sp. 2, broad, dehisced follicle with elongate and transverse fibers lining the locule; c) Angiosperm seed sp. 1 with thin, smooth seed coat; d) Angiosperm seed sp. 2 with verrucate seed coat; e) Angiosperm seed sp. 3 with exotestal and foveolate seed coat; f) Angiosperm seed sp. 4 with smooth seed coat; g, h) Angiosperm seed sp. 5 with raised epidermal cells forming a reticulate pattern; i) Wedge-shaped angiosperm fruit with remains of floral parts near apex. Specimens, TV43-S136726 (a), TV44-S148144 (b), TV43-S170074 (c), TV43-S136747 (d), TV43-S170073 (e), TV38-S174615 (f), TV44-S148003 (g), TV44-S148004 (h), TV43-S174685 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–i). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 54. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; a–e, g, h) and synchrotron x-ray microscopy (SRXTM; f, i) images of unnamed angiosperm fruits and seeds; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Follicle sp. 1, narrow elongate follicle with sessile and decurrent stigma; b) Follicle sp. 2, broad, dehisced follicle with elongate and transverse fibers lining the locule; c) Angiosperm seed sp. 1 with thin, smooth seed coat; d) Angiosperm seed sp. 2 with verrucate seed coat; e) Angiosperm seed sp. 3 with exotestal and foveolate seed coat; f) Angiosperm seed sp. 4 with smooth seed coat; g, h) Angiosperm seed sp. 5 with raised epidermal cells forming a reticulate pattern; i) Wedge-shaped angiosperm fruit with remains of floral parts near apex. Specimens, TV43-S136726 (a), TV44-S148144 (b), TV43-S170074 (c), TV43-S136747 (d), TV43-S170073 (e), TV38-S174615 (f), TV44-S148003 (g), TV44-S148004 (h), TV43-S174685 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–i).

Text-fig. 47. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of reticulate-foveolate pollen on the surface of a fruit of Serialis antiquum; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Pollen grain showing angular outline and tectum perforated by foveolae of different sizes; note the braided tectum ornamentation formed by aggregations of small ridges (b); aperture not known; c, d) Pollen grain showing angular outline, tectum perforated by foveolae that become smaller toward the presumed pole; note the relatively smooth tectum and faint pattern of braiding ridges (d); aperture not known. Specimens, TV43-S171535-01 (a, b), TV43-S171535-02 (c, d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, c), 1 Μm (b, d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 47. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of reticulate-foveolate pollen on the surface of a fruit of Serialis antiquum; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Pollen grain showing angular outline and tectum perforated by foveolae of different sizes; note the braided tectum ornamentation formed by aggregations of small ridges (b); aperture not known; c, d) Pollen grain showing angular outline, tectum perforated by foveolae that become smaller toward the presumed pole; note the relatively smooth tectum and faint pattern of braiding ridges (d); aperture not known. Specimens, TV43-S171535-01 (a, b), TV43-S171535-02 (c, d). Scale bars 6 Μm (a, c), 1 Μm (b, d).

Text-fig. 44. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Juhaszia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragment of a pollen sac (a–e) and stamen fragment and pollen of Dictyozonia pusilla gen. et sp. nov. (f–k); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; fragment of pollen sac that yielded the pollen in (b–e); b) Proximal surface of pollen grain showing reticulate sculpture in the equatorial regions grading into more a continuous foveolate tectum at the proximal pole; c) Reticulum on the proximal surface showing smooth muri delimiting large and small luminae. Muri supported by numerous short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; d) Distal surface of pollen grain showing the long colpus and reticulate sculpture with a distinctive pattern of large and small luminae; e) Pollen grain from which the reticulum has become in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 44. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Juhaszia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragment of a pollen sac (a–e) and stamen fragment and pollen of Dictyozonia pusilla gen. et sp. nov. (f–k); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; fragment of pollen sac that yielded the pollen in (b–e); b) Proximal surface of pollen grain showing reticulate sculpture in the equatorial regions grading into more a continuous foveolate tectum at the proximal pole; c) Reticulum on the proximal surface showing smooth muri delimiting large and small luminae. Muri supported by numerous short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; d) Distal surface of pollen grain showing the long colpus and reticulate sculpture with a distinctive pattern of large and small luminae; e) Pollen grain from which the reticulum has become

Text-fig. 3. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of a charalean oospore (a), and fragments of probable marchantialean liverwort thalli (b–d); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Apical view of oospore showing the pattern of spiral ridges and grooves resulting from the enclosing cells of the oogonium. b–d) Thallus fragments in probable ventral view showing two rows of imbricate scales and occasional branching of the thallus (d). Specimens, TV38-S174607 (a), TV43-S174655 (b), TV43-S174654 (c), TV43-S174661 (d). Scale bars 1 mm (b–d), 100 Μm (a). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 3. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of a charalean oospore (a), and fragments of probable marchantialean liverwort thalli (b–d); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Apical view of oospore showing the pattern of spiral ridges and grooves resulting from the enclosing cells of the oogonium. b–d) Thallus fragments in probable ventral view showing two rows of imbricate scales and occasional branching of the thallus (d). Specimens, TV38-S174607 (a), TV43-S174655 (b), TV43-S174654 (c), TV43-S174661 (d). Scale bars 1 mm (b–d), 100 Μm (a).

FIG. 9. — A in An analysis of the sculptural pattern of the shell in Caribbean members of Chicoreus (Siratus) Jousseaume, 1880 (Gastropoda, Muricidae), with description of a new species

FIG. 9. — A, Chicoreus (Siratus) guionneti n. sp., holotype, MNHN (length 56.7 mm), Marie Galante; B, C. (S.) guionneti n. sp., paratype, MNHN (length 37.8 mm), Martinique; C, C. (S.) formosus (Sowerby, 1841), coll. Garrigues (length 63.9 mm), Haiti; D, C. (S.) articulatus (Reeves, 1845), coll. Garrigues (length: 62 mm), Porto Rico; E, C. (S.) ciboney (Clench & Pérez Farfante, 1945), coll. Lamy (length 53.8 mm), Saba Bank; F, C. (S.) cailleti (Petit de la Saussaye, 1856), coll. Lamy (length 60.1 mm), Guadeloupe; G, C. (S.) consuela (Verrill, 1950), coll. Lamy (length 57 mm), Guadeloupe; H, C. (S.) perelegans, coll. Lamy (length 58 mm), Guadeloupe.

FIG. 1 in An analysis of the sculptural pattern of the shell in Caribbean members of Chicoreus (Siratus) Jousseaume, 1880 (Gastropoda, Muricidae), with description of a new species

FIG. 1. — Spiral sculpture (apertural view), Chicoreus (Siratus) cailleti (Petit de la Saussaye, 1856); A, Port-Louis (coll. Lamy), four whorls; B, Saba bank (coll. Lamy), five whorls; C, Saintes (coll. Lamy), six whorls; D, Saintes (coll. Lamy), seven whorls. The siphonal canal is not completely drawn. Abbreviations: see text. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 8 in An analysis of the sculptural pattern of the shell in Caribbean members of Chicoreus (Siratus) Jousseaume, 1880 (Gastropoda, Muricidae), with description of a new species

FIG. 8. — Protoconchs and first teleoconch whorl; A, Chicoreus (Siratus) ciboney (Clench & Pérez Farfante, 1945), Port-Louis; B, C. (S.) guionneti n. sp., Martinique; C, C. (S.) cailleti (Petit de la Saussaye, 1856), Saba bank; D, C. (S.) perelegans Vokes, 1965, Port-Louis; E, C. (S.) articulatus (Reeves, 1845), Puerto Cortes; F, C. (S.) consuela (Verrill, 1950), Port-Louis. Abbreviations: see text. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 3 in An analysis of the sculptural pattern of the shell in Caribbean members of Chicoreus (Siratus) Jousseaume, 1880 (Gastropoda, Muricidae), with description of a new species

FIG. 3. — Spiral sculpture (apertural view); A, Chicoreus (Siratus) consuela (Verrill, 1950), Port-Louis (coll. Lamy), seven whorls; B-D, C. (S.) ciboney (Clench & Pérez Farfante, 1945); B, Port-Louis (coll. Lamy), four whorls; C, Port-Louis (coll. Lamy), five whorls; D, Port- Louis (coll. Lamy), seven whorls. For A and D, the siphonal canal is not completely drawn. Abbreviations: see text. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 4 in An analysis of the sculptural pattern of the shell in Caribbean members of Chicoreus (Siratus) Jousseaume, 1880 (Gastropoda, Muricidae), with description of a new species

FIG. 4. — Evolution of the tnv (total number of varices including protovarices and intervarical ribs), the NIR (number of intervarical ribs) and the LD [(LP1/D)*10], during the ontogenesis of the seven Chicoreus (Siratus) species. For each species, the mean is used.

FIG. 2 in An analysis of the sculptural pattern of the shell in Caribbean members of Chicoreus (Siratus) Jousseaume, 1880 (Gastropoda, Muricidae), with description of a new species

FIG. 2. — Spiral sculpture (apertural view); A-C, Chicoreus (Siratus) perelegans Vokes, 1965; A, Port-Louis (coll. Lamy), four whorls; B, Port-Louis (coll. Lamy), five whorls; C, Port-Louis (coll. Lamy), six whorls; D, C. (S.) consuela (Verrill, 1950), Port-Louis (coll. Lamy), six whorls. The siphonal canal is not completely drawn. Abbreviations: see text. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 6 in An analysis of the sculptural pattern of the shell in Caribbean members of Chicoreus (Siratus) Jousseaume, 1880 (Gastropoda, Muricidae), with description of a new species

FIG. 6. — Profile views of the intervarical nodules; A, Chicoreus (Siratus) ciboney (Clench & Pérez Farfante, 1945), Port-Louis (coll. Lamy), seven whorls; B, C. (S.) perelegans Vokes, 1965, Port-Louis (coll. Lamy), six whorls; C, C. (S.) consuela (Verrill, 1950), Port- Louis (coll. Lamy), seven whorls; D, C. (S.) articulatus (Reeves, 1845), Porto Rico (coll. Garrigues), seven whorls; E, C. (S.) formosus (Sowerby, 1841), Haiti (coll. Garrigues); F, C. (S.) guionneti n. sp., Martinique (paratype, MNHN); G, C. (S.) cailleti (Petit de la Saussaye, 1856), Saintes (coll. Lamy), seven whorls. Abbreviations: see text. Scale bars: 5 mm.