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591 results for “phylogenomic data”
Data from: A stable phylogenomic classification of Travunioidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores) based on sequence capture of ultraconserved elements
Molecular phylogenetics has transitioned into the phylogenomic era, with data derived from next-generation sequencing technologies allowing unprecedented phylogenetic resolution in all animal groups, including understudied invertebrate taxa. Within the most diverse harvestmen suborder, Laniatores, most relationships at all taxonomic levels have yet to be explored from a phylogenomics perspective. Travunioidea is an early-diverging lineage of laniatorean harvestmen with a Laurasian distribution, with species distributed in eastern Asia, eastern and western North America, and south-central Europe. This clade has had a challenging taxonomic history, but the current classification consists of ~77 species in three families, the Travuniidae, Paranonychidae, and Nippononychidae. Travunioidea classification has traditionally been based on structure of the tarsal claws of the hind legs. However, it is now clear that tarsal claw structure is a poor taxonomic character due to homoplasy at all taxonomic levels. Here, we utilize DNA sequences derived from capture of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to reconstruct travunioid relationships. Data matrices consisting of 317–677 loci were used in maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and species tree analyses. Resulting phylogenies recover four consistent and highly supported clades; the phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of the enigmatic genus Yuria is less certain. Based on the resulting phylogenies, a revision of Travunioidea is proposed, now consisting of the Travuniidae, Cladonychiidae, Paranonychidae (Nippononychidae is synonymized), and the new family Cryptomastridae Derkarabetian & Hedin, fam. n., diagnosed here. The phylogenetic utility and diagnostic features of the intestinal complex and male genitalia are discussed in light of phylogenomic results, and the inappropriateness of the tarsal claw in diagnosing higher-level taxa is further corroborated.
Data from: Phylogenomics resolves major relationships and reveals significant diversification rate shifts in the evolution of silk moths and relatives
Background: Silkmoths and their relatives constitute the ecologically and taxonomically diverse superfamily Bombycoidea, which includes some of the most charismatic species of Lepidoptera. Despite displaying spectacular forms and diverse ecological traits, relatively little attention has been given to understanding their evolution and drivers of their diversity. To begin to address this problem, we created a new Bombycoidea-specific Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) probe set and sampled up to 571 loci for 117 taxa across all major lineages of the Bombycoidea, with a newly developed DNA extraction protocol that allows Lepidoptera specimens to be readily sequenced from pinned natural history collections.Results The well-supported tree was overall consistent with prior morphological and molecular studies, although some taxa (e.g., the bombycid, Arotros Schaus) were misplaced and here formally transferred to Apatelodidae. We identified important evolutionary patterns (e.g., morphology, biogeography, and differences in speciation and extinction), and our analysis of diversification rates highlights the stark increases that exist within the Sphingidae (hawkmoths) and Saturniidae (wild silkmoths).Conclusions Our study establishes a backbone for future evolutionary, comparative, and taxonomic studies of Bombycoidea. We postulate that the rate shifts identified are due to the well-documented bat-moth "arms race". Our research highlights the flexibility of AHE to generate genomic data from a wide range of museum specimens, both age and preservation method, and will allow researchers to tap into the wealth of biological data residing in natural history collections around the globe.
Data from: Validity of the Diplostomoidea and Diplostomida (Digenea, Platyhelminthes) upheld in phylogenomic analysis
Higher systematics within the Digenea, Carus 1863 have been relatively stable since a phylogenetic analysis of partial nuclear ribosomal markers (rDNA) led to the erection of the Diplostomida Olson, Cribb, Tkach, Bray, and Littlewood, 2003. However, recent mitochondrial (mt) genome phylogenies suggest this order might be paraphyletic. These analyses show members of two diplostomidan superfamilies are more closely related to the Plagiorchiida La Rue, 1957 than to other members of the Diplostomida. In one of the groups implicated, the Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886, a recent phylogeny based on mt DNA also indicates the superfamily as a whole is non-monophyletic. To determine if these results were robust to additional taxon sampling, we analyzed mt genomes from seven diplostomoids in three families. To choose between phylogenetic alternatives based on mt genomes and the prior rDNA-based topology, we also analyzed hundreds of ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) assembled from shotgun sequencing. The Diplostomida was paraphyletic in the mt genome phylogeny, but supported in the UCE phylogeny. We speculate this mitonuclear discordance is related to ancient, rapid radiation in the Digenea. Both UCEs and mt genomes support the monophyly of the Diplostomoidea and show congruent relationships within it. The Cyathocotylidae Muhling, 1898 are early diverging descendants of a paraphyletic clade of Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886, in which were nested members of the Strigeidae Railliet, 1919; the results support prior suggestions that the Crassiphialinae Sudarikov, 1960 will rise to the family level. Morphological traits of diplostomoid metacercariae appear to be more useful for differentiating higher taxa than those of adults. We describe a new species of Cotylurus Szidat, 1928, resurrect a species of Hysteromorpha Lutz, 1931, and find support for a species of Alaria Schrank, 1788 of contested validity. Complete rDNA operons are provided as a resource for future studies.
Data from: Phylogenomics reveals ancient gene tree discordance in the amphibian Tree of Life
<p>Molecular phylogenies have yielded strong support for many parts of the amphibian Tree of Life, but poor support for the resolution of deeper nodes, including relationships among families and orders. To clarify these relationships, we provide a phylogenomic perspective on amphibian relationships by developing a taxon-specific Anchored Hybrid Enrichment protocol targeting hundreds of conserved exons which are effective across the class. After obtaining data from 220 loci for 286 species (representing 94% of the families and 44% of the genera), we estimate a phylogeny for extant amphibians and identify gene tree–species tree conflict across the deepest branches of the amphibian phylogeny. We perform locus-by-locus genealogical interrogation of alternative topological hypotheses for amphibian monophyly, focusing on interordinal relationships. We find that phylogenetic signal deep in the amphibian phylogeny varies greatly across loci in a manner that is consistent with incomplete lineage sorting in the ancestral lineage of extant amphibians. Our results overwhelmingly support amphibian monophyly and a sister relationship between frogs and salamanders, consistent with the Batrachia hypothesis. Species tree analyses converge on a small set of topological hypotheses for the relationships among extant amphibian families. These results clarify several contentious portions of the amphibian Tree of Life, which in conjunction with a set of vetted fossil calibrations, support a surprisingly younger timescale for crown and ordinal amphibian diversification than previously reported. More broadly, our study provides insight into the sources, magnitudes, and heterogeneity of support across loci in phylogenomic data sets.</p>
Data from: hiding in plain sight: phylogenomics reveals a new branch on the Noctuoidea tree of life
<p>We analyze anchored hybrid enrichment data (AHE) from densely sampled tribes and subfamilies of Notodontidae (Prominent Moths). Notodontidae are monophyletic except for an assemblage of genera related to <em>Thacona</em> Walker (=<em>Scrancia</em> Holland), which had been recognized at either the tribal or subfamilial rank within Notodontidae. We elevate and re-describe Scranciidae, stat. nov. as a family distinct from the six currently recognized noctuoid families (Noctuidae, Erebidae, Euteliidae, Nolidae, Notodontidae, and Oenosandridae). Scranciidae include 22 genera comprising approximately 100 species—distributed in Africa, Asia, and Australia. We re-interpret morphological synapomorphies previously proposed for Notodontidae (including Scranciidae) and for the trifid Noctuoidea more broadly. Deep-level relationships within Noctuoidea are not well resolved outside the clade comprising the four quadrifid families (Noctuidae, Erebidae, Euteliidae, and Nolidae). The phylogenetic position of Scranciidae relative to Notodontidae, Oenosandridae, and the quadrifids varied markedly depending on data type (amino acid vs. nucleotide) and analytical framework (maximum likelihood, multi-species coalescent, and parsimony). We discuss the possible roles of missing data and short branch lengths in resolving the placement of Scranciidae. In the topology best supported by the most available data, Scranciidae are sister to the remaining Noctuoidea, highlighting their phylogenetic significance. We provide a provisional list of the genera included in Scranciidae.</p>
Data for: The genomic landscape, causes, and consequences of extensive phylogenomic discordance in Old World mice and rats
<p>A species tree is a central concept in evolutionary biology whereby a single-branching phylogeny reflects relationships among species. However, the phylogenies of different genomic regions often differ from the species tree. Although tree discordance is widespread in phylogenomic studies, we still lack a clear understanding of how variation in phylogenetic patterns is shaped by genome biology or the extent to which discordance may compromise comparative studies. We characterized patterns of phylogenomic discordance across the murine rodents (Old World mice and rats) – a large and ecologically diverse group that gave rise to the mouse and rat model systems. Combining recently published linked-read genome assemblies for seven murine species with other available rodent genomes, we first used ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) to infer a robust species tree. We then used whole genomes to examine finer-scale patterns of discordance and found that proximate chromosomal regions tended to have more similar phylogenetic histories. While we found no clear relationship between local tree similarity and recombination rates in house mice, we did observe a correlation between recombination rates and average similarity to the species tree. We also detected a strong influence of linked selection whereby purifying selection at UCEs led to less discordance. Finally, we show that assuming a single species tree can result in high error rates when testing for positive selection under different models. Collectively, our results highlight the complex relationship between phylogenetic inference and genome biology and underscore how failure to account for this complexity can mislead comparative genomic studies.</p>
Data from: Phylogenomics and topological conflicts in the tribe Anthospermeae (Rubiaceae)
<p>Genome skimming (shallow whole-genome sequencing) offers time- and cost-efficient production of large amounts of DNA data that can be used to address unsolved evolutionary questions. Here we address phylogenetic relationships and topological incongruence in the tribe Anthospermeae (Rubiaceae), using phylogenomic data from the mitochondrion, the nuclear ribosomal cistron, and the plastome. All three genomic compartments resolve relationships in the Anthospermeae; the tribe is monophyletic and consists of three major subclades. Carpacoce Sond. is sister to the remaining clade, which comprises an African subclade and a Pacific subclade. Most results, from all three genomic compartments, are statistically well-supported; however, not fully consistent. Intergenomic topological incongruence is most notable in the Pacific subclade but present also in the African subclade. Hybridization and introgression followed by organelle capture may explain these conflicts but other processes, such as incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), can yield similar patterns and cannot be ruled out based on the results. Whereas the null hypothesis of congruence among all sequenced loci in the individual genomes could not be rejected for nuclear and mitochondrial data, it was rejected for plastid data. Phylogenetic analyses of three subsets of plastid loci identified using hierarchical likelihood ratio test demonstrated statistically supported intragenomic topological incongruence. Given that plastid genes are thought to be fully linked, this result is surprising and may suggest modelling or sampling error. However, biological processes such as biparental inheritance and inter-plastome recombination have been reported and may be responsible for the observed intragenomic incongruence. Mitochondrial insertions into the plastome are rarely documented in angiosperms. Our results indicate that a mitochondrial insertion event in the plastid trnSGGA-rps4 IGS region occurred in the common ancestor of the Pacific clade of Anthospermeae. Exclusion/inclusion of this locus in phylogenetic analyses had strong impact on topological results in the Pacific clade.</p>
Data sets for phylogenomic analyses in: Ant backbone phylogeny resolved by modelling compositional heterogeneity among sites in genomic data
<p>Ants are the most ubiquitous and ecologically dominant arthropods on Earth, and understanding their phylogeny is crucial for deciphering their character evolution, species diversification, and biogeography. Although recent genomic data have shown promise in clarifying intrafamilial relationships across the tree of ants, inconsistencies between molecular datasets have also emerged. Here I re-examine the most comprehensive published Sanger-sequencing and genome-scale datasets of ants using model comparison methods that model among-site compositional heterogeneity to understand the sources of conflict in phylogenetic studies. My results under the best-fitting model, selected on the basis of Bayesian cross-validation and posterior predictive model checking, identify contentious nodes in ant phylogeny whose resolution is <a>modelling-dependent. </a>I show that the Bayesian infinite mixture CAT model outperforms empirical finite mixture models (C20, C40 and C60) and that, under the best-fitting CAT-GTR+G4 model, the enigmatic <a><em>Martialis</em> </a><em>heureka</em> is sister to all ants except Leptanillinae, rejecting the more popular hypothesis supported under worse-fitting models, that place it as sister to Leptanillinae. These analyses resolve a lasting controversy in ant phylogeny and highlight the significance of model comparison and adequate modelling of among-site compositional heterogeneity in reconstructing the deep phylogeny of insects.</p>
Artifactual orthologs and the need for diligent data exploration in complex phylogenomic datasets: A museomic case study from the Andean flora
<p>The Andes mountains of western South America are a globally important biodiversity hotspot, yet there is a paucity of resolved phylogenies for plant clades from this region. Filling an important gap to our understanding of the World's richest flora, we present the first phylogeny of <em>Freziera</em> (Pentaphylacaceae), an Andean-centered, cloud forest radiation. Our dataset was obtained via hybrid-enriched target sequence capture of Angiosperms353 universal loci for 50 of the ca. 75 spp., obtained almost entirely from herbarium specimens. We identify high phylogenomic complexity in <em>Freziera</em>, including a significant proportion of paralogous loci and a high degree of gene tree discordance. Via gene tree filtering, by-eye observation of gene trees, and detailed examination of warnings from recently improved assembly pipelines, we identified that cryptic paralogs (i.e., the presence of only one copy of a multi-copy gene due to assembly errors) were a major source of gene tree heterogeneity that had a negative impact on phylogenetic inference and support. These cryptic paralogs likely result from limitations in data collection that are common in museomics, combined with a history of genome duplication; they may be common in plant phylogenomic datasets. After accounting for cryptic paralogs as source of gene tree error, we identified a significant, but non-specific signal of introgression using Patterson's D and f4 statistics. Despite phylogenomic complexity, we were able to resolve <em>Freziera</em> into nine well-supported subclades whose histories have been shaped by myriad evolutionary processes, including incomplete lineage sorting, historical gene flow, and gene duplication. Our results highlight the complexities of plant phylogenomics, and point to the need to test for multiple sources of gene tree discordance via careful examination of empirical datasets.</p>
Ion Torrent data for the genome assembly and phylogenomic placement of mitochondrial genomes with a focus on houndsharks (Chondrichthyes: Triakidae)
<p>Here, we present the Ion Torrent® next-generation sequencing (NGS) data for five houndsharks (Chondrichthyes: Triakidae), which include <em>Galeorhinus galeus</em> (17,487 bp; GenBank accession number ON652874), <em>Mustelus asterias</em> (16,708; ON652873), <em>Mustelus mosis</em> (16,755; ON075077), <em>Mustelus palumbes</em> (16,708; ON075076), and <em>Triakis megalopterus</em> (16,746 bp; ON075075). All assembled mitogenomes encode 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal (r)RNA genes, and 22 transfer (t)RNA genes (<em>tRNA<sup>Leu</sup></em><sup> </sup>and <em>tRNA<sup>Ser</sup> </em>are duplicated), except for <em>G</em>. <em>galeus</em> which contains 23 tRNA genes where <em>tRNA<sup>Thr</sup> </em>is duplicated. The data presented in this paper can assist other researchers in further elucidating the diversification of triakid species and the phylogenetic relationships within Carcharhiniformes (groundsharks) as mitogenomes accumulate in public repositories.</p>
Data for: Testing the mettle of METAL: A comparison of phylogenomic methods using a challenging but well-resolved phylogeny
<p>Sequence alignments and gene trees for: Braun et al. "Testing the mettle of METAL: A comparison of phylogenomic methods using a challenging but well-resolved phylogeny." See README file for detailed description of all files.</p>
Data from: phylogenomics of the Neogastropoda: the backbone hidden in the bush
<p>The molluscan order Neogastropoda encompasses over 15,000 almost exclusively marine species playing important roles in benthic communities and in the economics of coastal countries. Neogastropoda underwent intensive cladogenesis in early stages of diversification, generating a 'bush' at the base of their evolutionary tree, that has been hard to resolve even with high throughput molecular data. In the present study we analyze a comprehensive exon capture dataset of 1,817 loci (79.6% data occupancy), comprising 112 taxa of 48 (out of 60) recent Neogastropoda families with a variety of phylogenetic inference methods to resolve their relationships. Our results show consistent topologies and high support in all analyses at (super)family level, supporting monophyly of Muricoidea, Mitroidea, Conoidea, and, with some reservations, Olivoidea and Buccinoidea. Volutoidea and Turbinelloidea as currently circumscribed are clearly paraphyletic. Despite our analyses consistently resolve most backbone nodes, three prove problematic. First, uncertain placement of Cancellariidae, as a sister group of either a Ficoidea-Tonnoidea clade, or of the rest of Neogastropoda, leaves monophyly of Neogastropoda unresolved. Second, relationships are contradictory at the base of the major grouping the 'core Neogastropoda'. Third, coalescence-based analyses reject monophyly of the Buccinoidea in relation to Vasidae. We analysed loci phylogenetic signal in relation with potential biases, and propose most probable resolutions in the two latter recalcitrant nodes. The uncertain placement of Cancellariidae may be explained by orthology violations due to the differential paralog loss short after the whole genome duplication, and should be resolved with a curated set of longer loci.</p>
Data from: Phylogenomic position of eupelagonemids, abundant and diverse deep-ocean heterotrophs
<p>Eupelagonemids, formerly known as Deep Sea Pelagic Diplonemids I (DSPD I), are among the most abundant and diverse heterotrophic protists in the deep ocean, but little else is known about their ecology, evolution, or biology in general. Originally recognized solely as a large clade of environmental ribosomal subunit RNA gene sequences (SSU rRNA), branching with a smaller sister group DSPD II, they were postulated to be diplonemids, a poorly-studied branch of Euglenozoa. Although new diplonemids have been cultivated and studied in depth in recent years, the lack of cultured eupelagonemids has limited data to a handful of light micrographs, partial SSU rRNA gene sequences, a small number of genes from single amplified genomes (SAGs), and only a single formal described species, <em>Eupelagonema oceanica</em>. To determine exactly where this clade goes in the tree of eukaryotes and begin to address the overall absence of biological information about this apparently ecologically important group, we conducted single-cell transcriptomics from two eupelagonemid cells. A SSU rRNA gene phylogeny shows these two cells represent distinct subclades within eupelagonemids, each different from <em>E. oceanica</em>. Phylogenomic analysis based on a 125-gene matrix contrasts with the findings based on ecological survey data, and shows eupelagonemids branch sister to the diplonemid subgroup Hemistasiidae.</p>
Data from: Phylogenomics of paleoendemic lampshade spiders (Araneae, Hypochilidae, Hypochilus), with description of a new species from montane California
<p>The spider genus <em>Hypochilus</em> is a relictual lineage of Nearctic species distributed disjunctly across the United States in three montane regions (California, southern Rocky Mountains, southern Appalachia). Phylogenetic resolution of species relationships in <em>Hypochilus</em> has been challenging, with different data types recovering sometimes conflicting topologies. Furthermore, conserved morphology coupled with extreme genetic divergence and paraphyletic topologies at the species level has led to uncertain species limits in some complexes. Using a combination of ultraconserved elements (UCEs), mitochondrial CO1 by-catch, and studies of morphology, we have reconstructed <em>Hypochilus</em> interspecies relationships and have more critically evaluated the possibility of cryptic species in California and in southern Appalachia. Phylogenomic data from hundreds of nuclear loci strongly support the monophyly of regional clades, and furthermore support a ((California, Appalachia), southern Rocky Mountains)) topology. We hypothesize late Cenozoic age divergences in North America, but acknowledge that more research is needed to reliably date divergences in this genus. Within the southern Appalachian fauna, five species are resolved as four lineages (<em>H. thorelli</em> Marx, 1888 and <em>H. coylei</em> Platnick, 1987 are clearly sister taxa), but the interrelationships of these four lineages remain unresolved despite phylogenomic-scale data. The Appalachian species <em>H. pococki</em> Platnick, 1987 is recovered as monophyletic, which differs from prior mitochondrial evidence, but is clearly highly genetically structured at the nuclear level. Although algorithmic analyses of the nuclear data indicate many species (e.g., all populations as species), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) surveys of male morphology instead reveal striking morphological stasis, clearly illustrating the cryptic species problem. Within the California clade, nuclear and mitochondrial lineages of <em>H. petrunkevitchi</em> Gertsch, 1958 correspond directly to drainage basins of the southern Sierra Nevada, with <em>H. bernardino</em> Catley, 1994 nested within <em>H. petrunkevitchi</em> and sister to the southernmost basin populations. Again, algorithmic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial data suggest many species, but we take a more conservative approach, allowing for population genetic structure within species. Combining nuclear, mitochondrial, geographic and morphological evidence we describe a new species from the Tule River and Cedar Creek drainages, <em>Hypochilus</em> <em>xomote</em> sp. nov. We also emphasize the conservation issues that face several microendemic, habitat-specialized species in this remarkable genus.</p>
Data for: Phylogenomic analyses reveal non-monophyly of the antbird genera Herpsilochmus and Sakesphorus (Thamnophilidae), with description of a new genus for Herpsilochmus sellowi
<p>The family Thamnophilidae is a species-rich Neotropical radiation of passerine birds. Current classification of its 235 species is mostly based on morphological similarities, but recent studies integrating comprehensive phenotypic and phylogenetic data have redefined taxonomic limits of several taxa. Here, we assess generic relationships of <i>Herpsilochmus</i>, <i>Sakesphorus</i>, <i>Thamnophilus</i>, <i>Biatas</i>, and <i>Dysithamnus</i> using DNA sequences from the mitochondrion, nuclear exons, and ultraconserved elements (UCEs), with further attention to interspecific relationships within <i>Herpsilochmus</i>. We show that <i>Herpsilochmus</i> and <i>Sakesphorus</i> are not monophyletic. We resolve <i>H. sellowi</i> as a deep-branch sister species to the monotypic genus <i>Biatas and S. cristatus </i>as sister to a clade comprising<i> Herpsilochmus </i>sensu stricto and<i> Dysithamnus</i>. These results are consistent across loci, obtained via concatenation and coalescent-based analyses, and supported by likelihood-ratio tests of the distribution of our sampled coalescent histories. The phenotypic distinctiveness of both <i>H.</i> <i>sellowi</i> and <i>Biatas</i> argues against merging them into a single genus. Because no generic name is available for <i>H.</i> <i>sellowi</i>, we describe a monotypic genus. The polyphyly of <i>Sakesphorus </i>warrants recognition of the available generic name <i>Sakesphoroides</i> for the distinctive and monotypic <i>S. cristatus</i>. Furthermore, we recover six well-supported species groups within <i>Herpsilochmus</i> sensu stricto. Within the context of the family as a whole, the ubiquity of long terminal branches representing monotypic genera points to extinction events among ancestors of these lineages. We suggest that retention of ancestral characters or random genetic drift coupled with extensive extinction could explain the high degree of morphological and ecological similarity across these taxa, but we highlight the potential role of the environment in driving adaptive phenotypic convergence. Finally, our results send a cautionary message against the blind use of phylogenies containing imputed data based on taxonomy due to the increasingly frequent mismatches between traditional taxonomic classification and molecular phylogenies.</p>
Data from: Phylogenomic analyses of echinoid diversification prompt a re-evaluation of their fossil record
<p>Echinoids are key components of modern marine ecosystems. Despite a remarkable fossil record, the emergence of their crown group is documented by few specimens of unclear affinities, rendering their early history uncertain. The origin of sand dollars, one of its most distinctive clades, is also unclear due to an unstable phylogenetic context. We employ eighteen novel genomes and transcriptomes to build a phylogenomic dataset with a near-complete sampling of major lineages. With it, we revise the phylogeny and divergence times of echinoids, and place their history within the broader context of echinoderm evolution. We also introduce the concept of a chronospace—a multidimensional representation of node ages—and use it to explore methodological decisions involved in time calibrating phylogenies. We find the choice of clock model to have the strongest impact on divergence times, while the use of site-heterogeneous models and alternative node prior distributions showing minimal effects. The choice of loci has an intermediate impact, affecting mostly deep Paleozoic nodes, for which clock-like genes recover dates more congruent with fossil evidence. Our results reveal that crown group echinoids originated in the Permian and diversified rapidly in the Triassic, despite the relative lack of fossil evidence for this early diversification. We also clarify the relationships between sand dollars and their close relatives and confidently date their origins to the Cretaceous, implying ghost ranges spanning approximately 50 million years, a remarkable discrepancy with their rich fossil record.</p>
Data from: Phylogenomic structure and speciation in an emerging model: The Sphagnum magellanicum complex (Bryophyta)
<p>The moss genus <em>Sphagnum</em> has unparalleled ecological importance because some 30% of the total terrestrial carbon pool is bound up in <em>Sphagnum</em>-dominated peatlands. A major peat-former, <em>S. magellanicum</em>, is one of two species for which a reference-quality genome exists to facilitate research in ecological genomics, but recently published work indicated that <em>S. magellanicum</em> s. str. is restricted to South America and two other species, <em>S. divinum</em> and <em>S. medium</em> occur in North America and Europe. We report herein that there are four clades/species within the <em>S. magellanicum</em> complex in eastern North America, two in South America, and another in eastern Asia. The reference genome belongs to <em>S. divinum</em>. Phylogenetic analyses at the whole genome and chromosome levels, using genome resequencing and RADseq, resolve sister group relationships within the complex. Species are monophyletic in most analyses and exhibit tens of thousands (RADseq) to millions (resequencing) of fixed nucleotide differences, but two, referred to informally as <em>S. diabolicum</em> and <em>S. magni</em> because they have not been formally described, are differentiated by only hundreds (RADseq) to thousands (resequencing) of differences. Data from 14 of the 19 resequenced chromosomes (7 chromosomes for RADseq) resolve the reciprocal monophyly of <em>S. magni</em> and <em>S. diabolicum</em>. These two appear to be in the process of speciation and because they differ in geographic ranges and the climate zones they occupy – <em>S. diabolicum</em> in boreal peatlands and <em>S. magni</em> in warm temperate to subtropical communities of the southern U.S. – they provide an exciting opportunity for comparative genomic analyses of climate niche evolution. Introgression among species in the complex is demonstrated using <em>D</em>-statistics and <em>f</em><sub>4</sub>-ratios. One ecologically important functional trait that underlies peat (carbon) accumulation, tissue decomposability, does not differ between segregate North American species in the <em>S. magellanicum</em> complex although previous research showed that many related <em>Sphagnum</em> species have evolved differences in decomposability/carbon sequestration. Phylogenetic resolution and more accurate species delimitation in the <em>S. magellanicum</em> complex substantially increase the value of this group for studying the early evolutionary stages of climate adaptation, and ecological evolution more broadly.</p>
Signal, Uncertainty, and Conflict in Phylogenomic Data for a Diverse Lineage of Microbial Eukaryotes (Diatoms, Bacillariophyta)
<p>This data depository contains analysis results from Parks, Wickett, and Alverson 2017 (Signal, Uncertainty, and Conflict in Phylogenomic Data for a Diverse Lineage of Microbial Eukaryotes (Diatoms, Bacillariophyta) (Mol. Biol. Evol. doi:10.1093/molbev/msx268)), and is made freely available to the research community.</p> <p>The file and subfolders here are as follows:</p> <p>gene_alignments<br> - contains compressed (tarred and gzipped) folders with all gene alignments at 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 alignment column occupancy cutoffs. In each folder, there are also text files listing which gene alignments fall under which taxon occupancy subsetting strategy (i.e., 10-20% taxon occupancy, 40-60% taxon occupancy, 80-100% taxon occupancy, etc).</p> <p>gene_trees<br> - contains all (compressed) gene trees (bootstrapped versions, 100 bootstrap pseudo-replicates)) used in Astral analyses for each alignment column occupancy cutoff (0.2, 0.5, 0.8); nodes with less than 33% bootstrap support are collapsed.</p> <p>hmms.mafft_aligned<br> - contains (compressed) hmm specifications for each major diatom morphotype (radial and polar centrics, araphid and raphid pennates) from the 0.2 alignment column occupancy subset of the data. A summary of the sampling scheme and the hmm results/counts are also available in HMM_sampling.docx.</p> <p>mmetsp_nuclear_transcriptome_assemblies<br> - these are the compressed nuclear transcriptome assemblies that were done in-house (i.e., mostly MMETSP samples). Assemblies do not include organellar or rDNA loci.</p> <p>species_trees<br> - contains (compressed) species trees for all phylogenetic strategies and alignment column occupancy cutoff/data subset strategies.</p> <p>Suppl_1.MMETSP_basic_summaries.xlsx<br> - this an identical file to Parks, Wickett and Alverson 2017 supplementary file 1. This file contains taxon, strain and SRA information for all assembled taxa, and a variety of assembly metric information.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Phylogenomic analyses of the Cucujiformia
<p>The Cucujiformia, with remarkable morphological, ecological, and behavioral diversity, is the most evolutionarily successful group within Coleoptera. However, the phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies within Cucujiformia remain elusive. To address the issues, we conducted a transcriptome-based macro-evolutionary study of this lineage. We sequenced the genomes and transcriptomes of three species from the superfamily Curculionoidea (two from Curculionidae and one from Brentidae), and obtained a dataset of more than 569,990 amino acid alignments from 143 species of Cucujiformia. With the most complete collection of whole-genomes and transcriptomes so far, we compared the performance of different data matrices with universal-single-copy orthologs (USCO). The resultant trees based on different datasets were consistent for the majority of deep nodes. Two USCO amino acid matrices (i.e., USCO75 and USCO750-abs80) provided well-resolved topology. The analyses confirm that old Cucujoidea <em>sensu</em> is a non-monophyletic group, consisting of Erotyloidea, Nitiduloidea and Cucujoidea <em>sensu</em>. Moreover, Erotyloidea is the early-diverging group in Cucujoidea <em>sensu</em>, followed by the clade Nitiduloidea. The preferred topologies supported a "basal" split of Coccinelloidea from the remaining superfamilies, and Cleroidea formed the second splitting group. The following phylogeny was supported at the superfamily level in Cucujiformia: (Coccinelloidea, (Cleroidea, ((Lymexyloidea, Tenebrionoidea), (Erotyloidea, (Nitiduloidea, (Cucujoidea, (Chrysomeloidea, Curculionoidea))))))). Our comprehensive analyses recovered well-resolved higher-level phylogenetic relationships within the Cucujiformia, providing a stable framework for comprehending its evolutionary history.</p>
Ultraconserved element data for phylogenomic placement of the jumping spider genus Iranattus Prószyński, 1992 (Salticidae, Plexippini, Plexippina)
<p>The jumping spider genus <em>Iranattus</em> Prószyński, 1992 has been placed in the Harmochirina based on morphology. We use phylogenomic evidence based on ultraconserved element (UCE) data to show that it belongs instead in the subtribe Plexippina.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.