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FIGURE 3 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating

FIGURE 3. Geographic and quantitative distribution of the ciliate protozoa species associated with goats. Some regions in the map (Spain, former Czechoslovakia, Italy, South Korea and Japan), were amplified for better visualization of the geographic boarders (Lubinsky 1955; Christl 1958; Imai et al. 1978; Lee 1979; Crha et al. 1985; Fernandez-Galiano & Campos 1992; Ito et al. 1995; Gurung et al. 2002; Göçmen & Atatur 2002; Göçmen et al. 2002; Mermer et al. 2003; Rastgeld & Göçmen 2003; Göçmen & Rastgeldi 2004; Talar et al. 2004; Göçmen et al. 2005; Göçmen & Karaoðlu 2005; De la Fuente et al. 2006; Mermer et al. 2006; Göçmen & Sezgin 2006; De la Fuente et al. 2009; Baraka 2012; Gürelli 2014; Gürelli et al. 2016; Mohamed 2017).

opennotspecifiedJul 2022View details →

FIGURE 1 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating

FIGURE 1. Schematic drawings of the rumen ciliate species described in goats (Christl 1958; Fernandez-Galiano & Campos 1992; Göçmen & Rastgeldi 2004; Göçmen et al. 2005). A. Entodinium alpinum; B. Entodinium ibicis; C. Entodinium couturier; D. Entodinium wertheimi; E. Entodinium salmani; F. Ophryoscolex monoacanthus. G-H: frequent species in observations of caprine rumen samples; G. Isotricha prostoma; H. Dasytricha ruminantium; I. Entodinium dubardi; J. Entodinium caudatum; K. Entodinium exiguum; L. Entodinium minimum; M. Entodinium simplex; N. Entodinium longinucleatum; O. Epidinium ecaudatum. Abbreviations: ACZ, adoral ciliary zone; CV, contractile vacuole; CS, caudal spine; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; Ve, vestibulum; Sk, skeletal plate. Scale bar:10μm.

opennotspecifiedJun 2014View details →

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy, phylogeny and host plants of some Abia sawflies (Hymenoptera, Cimbicidae)

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relationships among the studied Abia species. Bayesian trees based on the COI (A), cytb (B), 28S (C), concatenated cytb-28S (D) and COI-cytb-28S (E) datasets. Bayesian posterior probabilities (>0.50) / parsimony bootstraps (>50) are given in Fig. 1A-D and Bayesian posterior probabilities obtained for the species tree / concatenated COI-cytb-28S (>0.50) are given in Fig. 1E. Voucher numbers (of JLB sawfly collection) or GenBank accession numbers are given after the sawfly species names. On the right part of the trees, genus names of host plants are listed according to: 1Benson (1951), 2Taeger et al. (1998), 3Savina & Chevin (2012), 4Chevin (2001), 5Benson (1946), 6Smith (1979), 7Harizanova et al. (2012), 8Liston & Späth (2006), 9Savina & Liston (2009). (?) No larvae, but adults have mostly been found on or near Lonicera alpigena.

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

Fig. 2 in Absence of co-phylogeny indicates repeated diatom capture in dinophytes hosting a tertiary endosymbiont

Fig. 2 Polyphyletic endosymbionts of Durinskia, Galeidinium and Kryptoperidinium with closest relatives among free-ranging diatoms. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree (−ln = 14,945) of all 77 Bacillariaceae operational taxonomic units available, derived from the comparison of concatenated rRNA and plastid sequences. Highlighted endosymbiont taxa were scattered along up to ten only distantly related lineages over the Bacillariaceae phylogeny. Note that accessions of neither Durinskia nor Kryptoperidinium constituted monophyletic groups. Within such lineages, endosymbionts were usually closer related to free-ranging diatoms than to other endosymbionts (though statistical support was not always high). Some endosymbionts were phylogenetically isolated from free-living diatoms exhibiting long branches (e.g. D. kwazulunatalensis N.Yamada, Sym & T.Horig., D. oculata and G. rugatum Tam. & T.Horig.). Branch lengths are drawn to scale, with the scale bar indicating the number of nt substitutions per site. The numbers on the branches are statistical support values (ML bootstrap values, values <50 are not shown, posterior probabilities below branches, values <90 are not shown; asterisks indicate maximal support)

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

Fig. 1 in Absence of co-phylogeny indicates repeated diatom capture in dinophytes hosting a tertiary endosymbiont

Fig. 1 Polyphyletic endosymbionts of freshwater Unruhdinium with closest relatives among free-ranging diatoms. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree (−ln = 21,700) of all 37 Stephanodiscaceae operational taxonomic units available, derived from the comparison of concatenated rRNA and plastid sequences. Endosymbiont taxa are highlighted. Note that we did not observe any contradictory tree topologies between separated analyses of nuclear and plastid loci (not shown). Endosymbionts of Unruhdinium segregated into two distinct lineages. Four identical sequences of different U. penardii (Lemmerm.) Gottschling strains clustered together (94LBS, .98BPP) and built a well-supported (99LBS, 1.00BPP) sister group relationship with free-living Discostella nipponica (Skvortzov) A.Tuji & D.M.Williams (strain TNS:AL-5776). A second lineage (100LBS, 1.00BPP) did not include endosymbiont sequences of U. cf. kevei (G.X.Liu & Z.Y.Hu) Gottschling and U. jiulongense (H. Gu) Gottschling only, but also those of the free-living strains L435 and LO4-2. All sequences of this lineage were nearly identical. Branch lengths are drawn to scale, with the scale bar indicating the number of nt substitutions per site. The numbers on the branches are statistical support values (ML bootstrap values, values <50 are not shown, posterior probabilities below branches, values <90 are not shown; asterisks indicate maximal support)

Fig. 8 in High species diversity of fish tapeworms in congeneric hosts in Africa: revision of Monobothrioides (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), including description of two new species and molecular phylogeny

Fig. 8 Scanning electron micrographs of Monobothrioides species. a, b M. cunningtoni Fuhrmann and Baer, 1925 (type species) from Auchenoglanis occidentalis, Democratic Republic of the Congo; c, d M. chalmersius (Woodland, 1924) from Clarias sp., Sudan; e–h M.

Fig. 7 Monobothrioides zuheiri n in High species diversity of fish tapeworms in congeneric hosts in Africa: revision of Monobothrioides (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), including description of two new species and molecular phylogeny

Fig. 7 Monobothrioides zuheiri n. sp. from Auchenoglanis occidentalis, White Nile at Kostí, Sudan. a total view, ventrally; b, c anterior end with first testes and vitelline follicles; d region of gonopores, laterally; e posterior part, ventrally; note posterior extent of vitelline follicles reaching ovary; f scolex; g cross section at testicular level; note tightly packed testes in two layers and longitudinal musculature formed by separated muscle fibres

Fig. 4 Monobothrioides tchadensis Troncy, 1978 in High species diversity of fish tapeworms in congeneric hosts in Africa: revision of Monobothrioides (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), including description of two new species and molecular phylogeny

Fig. 4 Monobothrioides tchadensis Troncy, 1978 from Auchenoglanis occidentalis, Lower Congo River at Bulu, Democratic Repulic of the Congo. a Total view, ventrally; b, e anterior end with first testes and vitelline follicles; c scolex; d posteriod end, ventrally; note large, elongate cirrus-sac; f cross section at testicular level; note outer and inner longitudinal musculature formed by isolated muscle fibres

Fig. 6 Monobothrioides longicollis n in High species diversity of fish tapeworms in congeneric hosts in Africa: revision of Monobothrioides (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), including description of two new species and molecular phylogeny

Fig. 6 Monobothrioides longicollis n. sp. from Auchenoglanis occidentalis, Democratic Republic of the Congo. a Total view, dorsally; note that testes and median vitelline follicles are omitted in middle part of the body; b anterior end with first vitelline follicles and testes; note long neck and conspicuous distance between first vitelline follicles and testes; c scolex; note numerous longitudinal grooves and wide band of dark cells in posterior part of the scolex; d posterior part, ventrally; note posterior extent of vitelline follicles reaching the ovary; e cross section at testicular level; note bundles of muscle fibres of the inner longitudinal musculature extended laterally around lateral osmoregulatory canals

Fig. 5 in High species diversity of fish tapeworms in congeneric hosts in Africa: revision of Monobothrioides (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), including description of two new species and molecular phylogeny

Fig. 5 Monobothrioides woodlandi Mackiewicz and Beverley-Burton, 1967 from Clarias ngamensis (= C. mellandi), Lake Chali, Zambia. a Total view of holotype (USNPC 61727); b, c scoleces (c— paratype BMNH 1967.1.16.1); d posterior end of holotype; e cross section at testicular level; note inner longitudinal musculature formed by bundles of muscle fibres, with a pair of lateral and two pairs of sublateral wide bundles of muscles

FIGURE 16 in Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

FIGURE 16. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the species of Rhinusa based on morphological characters only. Characters are weighted using an iterative a posteriori weighting procedure. The diagram is a strict consensus tree derived from 14 shortest trees under the parsimony criterion. Numbers at the internodes show bootstrap support percentages (1000 pseudoreplicates).

FIGURE 19 in Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

FIGURE 19. Host plant preferences of extant species of Rhinusa and inferred evolutionary transitions of host associations mapped onto the strictly morphological equal-weights topology (cf. Fig. 14). The reconstruction suggests that Antirrhineae (Plantaginaceae) are the ancestral hosts for Rhinusa and that the switch to Scrophulariaceae evolved in a single step in the lineage of the R. bipustulata + R. tetra groups. A = Antirrhinum; C = Chaenorhinum; K = Kickxia; L = Linaria; Lo = Lotus L.; M = Misopates; P = Plantago L.; Sc = Scrophularia; Sa = Salix L.; V = Verbascum; Vn = Veronica L.

FIGURES 6–13 in Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

FIGURES 6–13. (6) Rhinusa collina, aedeagus in dorsal view; (7) R. collina, aedeagus in lateral view; (8) R. uncipes, aedeagus in lateral view; (9) R. vestita, aedeagus in dorsal view; (10) R. littorea, spiculum ventrale; (11) R. brondelii, spermatheca; (12) R. linariae, spermatheca; (13) R. asellus, spermatheca. Numbers indicate characters and states. Not drawn to the same scale.

FIGURE 17 in Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

FIGURE 17. One of 46 shortest trees for the species of Rhinusa derived from parsimony analysis of the morphological equal-weights matrix. Character (above) and state (below) distributions are mapped under unambiguous transformation. Black squares indicate unique transformed characters whereas white circles represent homoplasious characters.

FIGURE 15 in Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

FIGURE 15. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the species of Rhinusa based on the combined morphological and host plant information. All characters are equally weighted. The diagram is a strict consensus tree derived from 3128 optimal trees under the parsimony criterion. Numbers at the internodes show bootstrap support percentages (1000 pseudoreplicates).

FIGURE 14 in Phylogeny of the weevil genus Rhinusa Stephens based on adult morphological characters and host plant information (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

FIGURE 14. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the species of Rhinusa based on morphological characters only. All characters are equally weighted. The diagram is a strict consensus tree derived from 46 optimal trees under the parsimony criterion. Numbers at the internodes show bootstrap support percentages (1000 pseudoreplicates).

Figures 55–61 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of North American goldenrods: challenging morphology, complex host associations, and cryptic speciation

Figures 55–61. Asphondylia silva sp. nov.: 55, male head; 56, female head; 57, female flagellomere 5; 58, female abdomen; 59, male terminalia, dorsal; 60, 61, larval spatulae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figures 50–54 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of North American goldenrods: challenging morphology, complex host associations, and cryptic speciation

Figures 50–54. Asphondylia pseudorosa sp. nov. larval spatulae: 50, 51, from inflorescence galls; 52–54, from bud galls. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figures 38–44 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of North American goldenrods: challenging morphology, complex host associations, and cryptic speciation

Figures 38–44. Asphondylia larval spatulae: 38, 39, Asphondylia solidaginis; 40, 41, Asphondylia rosulata sp. nov.; 42–44, spatulae of larvae taken from Solidago gigantea snap galls. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figures 31–37 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Asphondylia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of North American goldenrods: challenging morphology, complex host associations, and cryptic speciation

Figures 31–37. Asphondylia monacha, larva: 31, head and prothorax; 32–34, spatula of spring-generation larvae; 35– 37, spatula of summer-generation larvae. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.