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779 results for “pigmentation”
figure 4 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles
figure 4 The tadpole body coloration by treatment: day 0 – the start of the experiment, average pigmentation 69% of dark pixels, no treatment groups; day 20 of the experiment (day 20) – two treatment groups, Dark and Light, average pigmentation d – 93% and l – 62% of dark pixels; day 36 – the end of the experiment (day 36) – four treatments, dd – dark-dark treatment, ld – light-dark treatment, dl – dark-light treatment, ll – light-light treatment, average pigmentation dd – 90%, dl – 60%, ld – 91%, ll – 70% of dark pixels.
figure 1 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles
figure 1 Experimental design of the study. n – sample size; gs – developmental stage by Gosner, 1960
figure 6 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles
figure 6 Mean body shape of each treatment in two time points (after 20 days of the experiment – two treatments, and after 36 days/at the end of the experiment – four treatments) visualized in the canonical variate space (cv1 vs. cv 2). 20 d – dark treatment after 20 days; 20 l – light treatment after 20 days; 36 dd – dark-dark treatment after 36 days; 36 dl – dark-light treatment after 36 days; 36 ll – light-light treatment after 36 days; 36 ld – light-dark treatment after 36 days.
figure 8 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles
figure 8 How many times on average (with standard error) H. arborea tadpoles from different treatments were detected in the dark background: without predator chemical cues (black bars), with predator chemical cues (grey bars). dl – dark-light treatment; dd – dark-dark treatment; ld – light-dark treatment; ll – light-light treatment.
figure 2 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles
figure 2 Position of landmarks (l) and semi-landmarks (sl): l 1 – the tip of the snout, l 2 & 3 – dorsal and ventral points of anterior eye edge, l 4 – the intersection of head-body and dorsal edge of the tail fin, l 7 – the intersection of head-body and the ventral edge of the tail muscle, sl 5, 6 & 8 – the dorsal side of the tail fin, the dorsal side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail fin, all in the same vertical line as l 7, sl 9–12 – the dorsal side of the tail fin, the dorsal side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail fin ¼ the distance between l 7 and l 21, sl 13–16 – the dorsal side of the tail fin, the dorsal side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail fin ½ the distance between l 7 and l 21, sl 17–20 – the dorsal side of the tail fin, the dorsal side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail muscle, the ventral side of the tail fin ¾ the distance between l 7 and l 21, l 21 – the tip of the tail
figure 7 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles
figure 7 Ontogenetic trajectories of each treatment in two time points (after 20 days of the experiment – two treatments, and after 36 days/at the end of the experiment – four treatments) visualized in the space of principal components (pc1 vs. pc2). 20 d – dark treatment after 20 days; 20 l – light treatment after 20 days; 36 dd – dark-dark treatment after 36 days; 36 dl – dark-light treatment after 36 days; 36 ll – light-light treatment after 36 days; 36 ld – light-dark treatment after 36 days.
figure 5 in EFfects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles
figure 5 Body length variation between different background coloration treatments during experimental time in H. arborea tadpoles. dl – dark-light treatment; d – dark treatment; dd – dark-dark treatment; ld – light-dark treatment; l – light treatment; ll – light-light treatment.
Phase 3 Study of Pexidartinib for Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS) or Giant Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath (GCT-TS)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02371369. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 12. Publications: 5.
MCS110 in Patients With Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01643850. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Seasonal pigment fluctuation in diploid and polyploid Arabidopsis revealed by machine learning-based phenotyping method PlantServation (Part 1/2)
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Data from: Coding-sequence evolution does not explain divergence in petal anthocyanin pigmentation between Mimulus luteus var. luteus and M. l. variegatus
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Multi-regional comparison of scarring and pigmentation patterns in Cuvier’s beaked whales
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Seasonal pigment fluctuation in diploid and polyploid Arabidopsis revealed by machine learning-based phenotyping method PlantServation (Part 2/2)
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Data from: Predictive links between petal color and pigment quantities in natural Penstemon hybrids
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The European Multi Lake Survey (EMLS) dataset of physical, chemical, algal pigments and cyanotoxin parameters 2015.
The European Multi Lake Survey took place in summer 2015. It was a grassroots initiative comprised 197 scientists from 26 European countries. The EMLS was a snapshot sampling effort where 369 lakes were sampled only once for various physical (e.g. temperature), chemical (total nutrients) and biological parameters (algal pigments and toxins). The sampling period for each region was defined as the locally two-week warmest period based on 10-year air temperature data. The initial purpose was to define how nutrients and temperature would interact to explain variance in algal or cyanobacterial blooms on a continental scale using a space for time substitution approach (spatial rather than temporal resolution of lake parameters). Several other scientific questions addressing what controls toxin distribution on a continental scale, or dealing with cross comparisons between algal numerical methods (microscopy vs pigments vs flowcytometry) are in preparation. Publishing this dataset will allow scientific access to a unique sampling effort over the European peninsula that can generate new research ideas.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) pigment analysis from rosette bottle samples at various depths from CalCOFI-CCE Augmented cruises in the California Current System, 2002 to 2023 (ongoing).
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) samples are collected from rosette bottles (from three to eight different depths in the photic zone) at stations located within the CCE region on CalCOFI cruises (since 2002, ongoing). The HPLC method is used to measure concentrations of chlorophylls and carotenoids in samples of particulate matter, which includes filtering and freezing the filter while at sea. The taxon-specific phyto-pigments are extracted back onshore. Concentrations of chlorophyll a are used as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass and concentrations of other taxon-specific pigments are used to determine contributions of phytoplankton taxa to total phytoplankton biomass.
Photoprotective leaf pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements during a greenhouse drought experiment: An evolutionary perspective on functional diversity in co-occuring willow(salix) species
Thirteen willow (Salix) species occur in southeastern Minnesota and often co-occur within the same wetlands. This high local diversity is challenging to explain since closely related species are often functionally similar and density-dependent interactions such as competition and susceptibility to pests and pathogens should limit their co-occurrence. However, if willow species are partitioning resources, or if they are phylogenetically structured so that closely related species rarely co-occur, then the impact of these density-dependent processes could be reduced. In this study, I examined the role of niche partitioning in maintaining local willow diversity by comparing species physiology in a greenhouse.
Heat stress responses of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) across Northeast Atlantic populations: growth, biochemistry, chlorophyll fluorescence, pigments
<p>To understand the thermal plasticity of a coastal foundation species across its latitudinal distribution, we assess physiological responses to high temperature stress in the kelp <i>Laminaria digitata</i> in combination with population genetic characteristics and relate heat resilience to genetic features and phylogeography. We hypothesize that populations from Arctic and cold-temperate locations are less heat resilient than populations from warm distributional edges. Using meristems of natural <i>L. digitata</i> populations from six locations ranging between Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen (79°N), and Quiberon, France (47°N), we performed a common-garden heat stress experiment applying 15°C to 23°C over eight days. We assessed growth, photosynthetic quantum yield, carbon and nitrogen storage, and xanthophyll pigment contents as response traits. Population connectivity and genetic diversity were analysed with microsatellite markers. Results from the heat stress experiment suggest that the upper temperature limit of <i>L. digitata</i> is nearly identical across its distribution range, but subtle differences in growth and stress responses were revealed for three populations from the species' ecological range margins. Two populations at the species' warm distribution limit showed higher temperature tolerance compared to other populations in growth at 19°C and recovery from 21°C (Quiberon, France), and photosynthetic quantum yield and xanthophyll pigment responses at 23°C (Helgoland, Germany). In <i>L. digitata</i> from the northernmost population (Spitsbergen, Norway), quantum yield indicated the highest heat sensitivity. Microsatellite genotyping revealed all sampled populations to be genetically distinct, with a strong hierarchical structure between southern and northern clades. Genetic diversity was lowest in the isolated population of the North Sea island of Helgoland and highest in Roscoff in the English Channel. All together, these results support the hypothesis of moderate local differentiation across <i>L. digitata</i>'s European distribution, whereas effects are likely too weak to ameliorate the species' capacity to withstand ocean warming and marine heatwaves at the southern range edge.</p>
Pigmentation Genes Show Evidence of Repeated Divergence and Multiple Bouts of Introgression in Setophaga Warblers
<p>Species radiations have long served as model systems in evolutionary biology. However, it has only recently become possible to study the genetic bases of the traits responsible for diversification, and only in a small number of model systems. Here we use genomes of 36 species of North, Central, and South American warblers to highlight the role of pigmentation genes—involved in melanin and carotenoid processing—in the diversification of this group. We show that <i>agouti signaling protein</i> (<i>ASIP</i>) and <i>beta-carotene oxygenase 2</i> (<i>BCO2</i>) are predictably divergent between species that differ in the distribution of melanin and carotenoid in their plumages, respectively. Among species, sequence variation at <i>ASIP</i> broadly mirrors the species' phylogenetic history, consistent with repeated, independent mutations generating melanin-based variation. In contrast, <i>BCO2</i> variation is highly discordant from the species tree, with evidence of cross-lineage introgression among species like the yellow warbler (<i>Setophaga petechia</i>) and magnolia warbler (<i>S. magnolia</i>) with extensive carotenoid-based coloration. We also detect introgression of a small part of the <i>BCO2</i> coding region (<3 kb) in <i>S. discolor</i> and <i>S. vitellina, </i>including an amino acid substitution that is unique to warblers but otherwise highly conserved across birds. Lateral transfer of carotenoid-processing genes has been documented in arthropods, but introgression of <i>BCO2</i> as demonstrated here—presumably adaptive—represents the first example of carotenoid gene transfer among vertebrates. These contrasting genomic patterns show that both independent evolution in a common set of genes and past gene flow have fueled plumage diversification in this colorful avian radiation.</p>
Data from: Carotenoid pigmentation in salmon: Variation in expression at BCO2-l locus controls a key fitness trait affecting red colouration
Carotenoids are primarily responsible for the characteristic red flesh colouration of salmon. Flesh colouration is an economically and evolutionarily significant trait that varies inter- and intra-specifically, yet the underlying genetic mechanism is unknown. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) represent an ideal system to study carotenoid variation as, unlike other salmonids, they exhibit extreme differences in carotenoid utilization due to genetic polymorphisms. Here, we crossed populations of Chinook salmon with fixed differences in flesh colouration (red vs. white) for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify loci associated with pigmentation. Here, the beta-carotene oxygenase 2-like (BCO2-l) gene was significantly associated with flesh colour, with the most significant SNP explaining 66% of the variation in colour. BCO2 gene disruption is linked to carotenoid accumulation in other taxa, therefore we hypothesize that an ancestral mutation partially disrupting BCO2-l activity (i.e., hypomorphic mutation) allowed the deposition and accumulation of carotenoids within Salmonidae. Indeed, we found elevated transcript levels of BCO2-l in white Chinook salmon relative to red. The long-standing mystery of why salmon are red, while no other fishes are, is thus likely explained by a hypomorphic mutation in the proto-salmonid at the time of divergence of red-fleshed salmonid genera (~30 MYA).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.