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Figure 2 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 2. Adult Liviinae: A, Livia junci (Schrank); B, Klyveria setinervis (Burckhardt); C, Melanastera smithi (Burckhardt et al.); D, Aphorma lichenoides (Puton); E, Camarotoscena badia Loginova. A–C, head, in dorsal view; D, E, head, in oblique lateral view, with anterior carina (D, arrow), and smooth anteriorly (E). Scales 0.1 mm.

Figure 6 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 6. Hindlegs of adult Liviidae: A, Anomoterga africana (Loginova); B, Syntomoza magna (Kuwayama); C, Liella cf. insolita (Mifsud and Burckhardt); D, N, Paurocephala bifasciata Kuwayama; E, Psyllopsis fraxinicola (Foerster); F, Diclidophlebia oceanica (Crawford); G, D. excetrodendri (Li and Yang); H, D. xuani (Messi); I, Haplaphalara dahli (Rübsaamen); J, H. irvingiae (Burckhardt et al.); K, Klyveria setinervis (Burckhardt); L, Liella lanceomedia (Brown and Hodkinson); M, Melanastera lucens (Burckhardt et al.); O, Camarotoscena speciosa (Flor). A–D, metacoxa; E–N, metafemur, base left; O, apex of metafemur. Scales A–D = 0.2 mm; E–N = 0.1 mm; O = 0.05 mm.

Figure 8 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 8. Wings and abdomen of Liviinae: A, D, L, Aphorma lichenoides (Puton), male; M, A. lichenoides (Puton), female; B, Diclidophlebia excetrodendri (Li and Yang); C, G, Melanastera lucens (Burckhardt et al.); E, H, Livia junci (Schrank); F, J, Liella cf. insolita (Mifsud and Burckhardt); I, Diclidophlebia oceanica (Crawford); K, Tuthillia myrcianthis Burckhardt et al.; N, D. xuani (Messi); O, Paurocephala dayak Mifsud and Burckhardt, male; P, P.dayak, female. A, reduced pterostigma; B, pterostigma basally leathery, apically membranous (separating line see arrow); C, pterostigma entirely membranous; D–G, surface of forewing membrane in cell r 1: H–J, costa of hindwing; K–P, lateral edge of first visible abdominal tergite, base left. Scales A–C = 0.1 mm; D–G = 0.1 mm; H–J = 0.2 mm; K–P = 0.1 mm.

Figure 5 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 5. Mesosternum of adult Liviinae: A, Anomoterga scolopiae (Yang); B, Camarotoscena speciosa (Flor); C, Klyveria setinervis (Burckhardt); D, Livia junci (Schrank); E, Paurocephala robusta Mifsud and Burckhardt; F, Syntomoza magna (Kuwayama). Abbreviations: bas, basisternum; kat, katepisternum; pcx, precoxale; pss, pleurosternal suture; scs, sternocostal suture. Scales 0.1 mm.

Figure 7 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 7. Metatibial apex of adult Liviidae: A, Strophingia cinereae Hodkinson; B, Aphorma lichenoides (Puton); C, Camarotoscena speciosa (Flor); D, Livia junci (Schrank); E, Diclidophlebia oceanica (Crawford); F, D. xuani (Messi); G, Haplaphalara dahli (Rübsaamen); H, Liella lanceomedia (Brown and Hodkinson); I, Klyveria setinervis (Burckhardt); J, Melanastera lucens (Burckhardt et al.); K, M. maculipennis (Brown and Hodkinson); L, Paurocephala sauteri Enderlein. Abbreviations: a, anterior view, l, lateral view, m, medial, p, posterior view. Scales 0.05 mm.

Figure 1 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 1. Habitus images illustrating generic diversity within Liviinae: A, Anomoterga africana (Loginova); B, Aphorma lichenoides (Puton); C, Camarotoscena speciosa (Flor); D, Livia junci (Schrank); E, Syntomoza magna (Kuwayama); F, Diclidophlebia eastopi Vondráček; G, Haplaphalara dahli (Rübsaamen); H, Klyveria setinervis (Burckhardt); I, Liella cf. insolita (Mifsud and Burckhardt); J, Melanastera smithi (Burckhardt et al.); K, Paurocephala chonchaiensis Boselli; L, Woldaia nebulosa Brown and Hodkinson. Scales 1.0 mm.

Figure 4 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 4. Metapostnotum of adult Liviinae (arrow pointing to tubercle, tooth, ridge or horn): A, Anomoterga hsenpinensis Fang and Yang; B, Livia vernalis Fitch; C, Melanastera smithi (Burckhardt et al.); D, Paurocephala chonchaiensis Boselli. Scales 0.1 mm.

Figure 3 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 3. Head of adult Liviidae: A, Diclidophlebia xuani Messi; B, Syntomoza magna (Kuwayama); C, Anomoterga tahuata Klyver; D, Aphorma lichenoides (Puton); E, Camarotoscena speciosa (Flor); F, Livia junci (Schrank); G, Klyveria setinervis (Burckhardt); H, Paurocephala dayak Mifsud and Burckhardt. A, B, dorsal view; C–H, ventral view. Scales A, B = 0.1 mm; C–H = 0.1 mm.

Figure 11 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 11. Phylogeny of the Liviidae showing strict consensus tree of the most parsimonious trees based on morphological data (character matrix in Supporting Information, File S2) and obtained with 'Traditional search' in TNT using equal weights. 'Unambiguous changes only' in WINCLADA was used to optimize the character states on the cladogram. Black circles represent synapomorphies, light circles homoplasies; numbers above circles refer to characters numbers, number below to the character states (Table 2). Host plants of Liviini: Malpigiales, Poa, Poales, Ran, Ranunculales; of Paurocephalini: representation of members of Malvales. Distribution: Afrotropics (Afr), Australasia (Aus), Indomalaya (Ind), Nearctic (Nea), Neotropics (Neo), Oceania (Oce), Palaearctic (Pal).

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Fig. 1 Simplified phylogeny for 43 in Evolutionary pattern of the forewing shape in the Neotropical genus of jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Russelliana)

Fig. 1 Simplified phylogeny for 43 species of Russelliana. Three nodes with numbers (1–3) correspond to clades 1–3 with the strongest synapomorphic support. Numbers at branches are bootstrap values. Source tree is mentioned in the text

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Fig. 6 Phylogeny for 43 in Evolutionary pattern of the forewing shape in the Neotropical genus of jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Russelliana)

Fig. 6 Phylogeny for 43 species of Russelliana excluding characters on forewing morphology. Three nodes with numbers (1–3) correspond to clades 1–3 derived from the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1). Numbers at branches are bootstrap values

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FIGURE 5. Pseudocodon petiolatus D. Y. Hong & Q. Wang. 1, plant. 2, root. 3 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Pseudocodon (Campanulaceae) based on character analysis and molecular phylogeny

FIGURE 5. Pseudocodon petiolatus D. Y. Hong & Q. Wang. 1, plant. 2, root. 3, stamens & ovary. The illustration was drawn by Ai-Li Li.

FIG. 28 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 28. Paurocephala spp.: (A) P. dayak; (B) P. oceanica; (C) P. marginata; (D) P. palawanensis; (E) P. trematos; (F) P. macrochaetis; (G) P. sauteri; (H, M) P. boehmeriae; (I) P. stigmaticalis; (J) P. setifera; (K, N) P. polaszeki; (L) P. muta. (A–L) Antennal segments 9 and 10; (M, N) metacoxa. Scale bar: a, A–L; b, M; c, N.

FIG. 33 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 33. Paurocephala spp.: (A, G) P. brevicephala; (B, H) P. martini; (C, I) P. robusta; (D, J) P. sulawesiana; (E, K) P. ambigua; (F, L) P. pterospermi. (A–F) Male genitalia, lateral view; (J–L) paramere, inner surface. Scale bar: a, A–F; b, G–L.

FIG. 27 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 27. Paurocephala spp.: (A) P. boehmeriae; (B) P. stigmaticalis; (C) P. setifera; (D) P. polaszeki; (E) P. muta. (A–F) Female genitalia, lateral view. Scale bar: a, A, D; b, B; c, C, E.

FIG. 31 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 31. Paurocephala spp.: (A) P. brevicephala; (B) P. martini; (C) P. robusta; (D) P. sulawesiana. (A–D) Forewing (including detail of middle part of Rs vein). Scale bar: a, A–D.

FIG. 34 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 34. Paurocephala spp.: (A) P. brevicephala; (B) P. martini; (C) P. robusta; (D) P. sulawesiana; (E) P. ambigua; (F) P. pterospermi. (A–F) Female genitalia, lateral view. Scale bar: a, A–F.

FIG. 16 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 16. Paurocephala spp.: (A) P. similis; (B) P. artocarpae; (C) P. curvata; (D) P. calcarata; (E) P. javanica; (F) P. wilderi. (A–F) Female genitalia, lateral view (including section of female circumanal ring, outer pores above). Scale bar: a, A, B, E; b, C, D, F.

FIG. 14 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 14. Paurocephala spp.: (A) P. similis; (B) P. artocarpae; (C, H) P. curvata; (D, G) P. calcarata; (E) P. javanica; (F) P. wilderi. (A–F) Male genitalia, lateral view; (G–H) metacoxa. Scale bar: a, A; b, B, G, H; c, C–F.

FIG. 15 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 15. Paurocephala spp.: (A, G) P. similis; (B, H) P. artocarpae; (C, I, M) P. curvata; (D, J) P. calcarata; (E, K) P. javanica; (F, L) P. wilderi. (A–F) Paramere, inner surface; (G–L) distal segment of aedeagus; (M) clypeus and labium, lateral view. Scale bar: a, A, G; b, B, E, H; c, C, D, F, I–K; d, M.