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147 results for “plant soil feedback”
Data from: Domesticated tomatoes are more vulnerable to negative plant-soil feedbacks than their wild relatives
Domesticated plants can differ from their wild counterparts in the strength and outcome of species interactions, both above- and belowground. Plant-soil feedbacks influence plant success, and plant-associated soil microbial communities can influence plant interactions with herbivores and their natural enemies, yet, it is unclear if domestication has changed these relationships. To determine the effects of domestication on plant-soil interactions, we characterized soil microbial communities associated with various cultivars of domesticated tomato and some of its wild relatives. We measured the strength and direction of plant-soil feedbacks for domesticated and wild tomatoes, and the effects of soil on plant resistance to specialist herbivory by Manduca sexta, and the attraction of a parasitoid wasp, Cotesia congregata. Domesticated tomatoes and their wild relatives had negative plant-soil feedbacks, as conspecifics cultivated soil that negatively impacted performance of subsequent plants (longer germination time, lower biomass) than if they grew in non-tomato soils. Significant variation existed among domesticated and wild tomato varieties in the strength of these feedbacks, ranging from neutral to strongly negative. For aboveground plant biomass, tomato wild relatives were unaffected by growing in tomato-conditioned soil while domesticated tomatoes grew smaller in tomato soil, indicating effects of plant domestication. Overall, increased microbial biomass within the rhizosphere resulted in progressively less-negative plant-soil feedbacks. Plant cultivars had different levels of resistance to herbivory by M. sexta, but this did not depend on plant domestication or soil type. The parasitoid C. congregata was primarily attracted to herbivore damaged plants, independent of plant domestication status, and for these damaged plants, wasps preferred some cultivars over others, and wild plants grown in tomato soil over wild plants grown in non-tomato soil. Synthesis: These results indicate that crop tomatoes are more likely to show negative plant-soil feedbacks than wild progenitors, which could partially explain their sensitivity to monocultures in agricultural soils. Further, cultivar-specific variation in the ability to generate soil microbial biomass, independent of domestication status, appears to buffer the negative consequences of sharing the same soil. Last, soil legacies were relatively absent for herbivores, but not for parasitoid wasps, suggesting trophic level specificity in soil feedbacks on plant-insect interactions.
Root traits and soil microorganisms as drivers of plant-soil feedbacks within the sub-arctic tundra meadow
<p>Plant-soil feedback (PSF) can influence the composition of various soil microorganisms (antagonistic and mutualistic), which can have reciprocal effects on plants. At the same time, we do not understand the effects of fine root traits in moderating microbial-driven PSF. We therefore conducted a greenhouse study to aid in understanding the relationship between root traits, soil community composition (PLFAs and high-throughput sequencing data) and plant-soil feedback (PSF). These data therefore include datasets with fine root traits, raw sequence reads from high-throughput sequencing for soil fungi, phospholipid fatty acid data and biomass data after the plant-soil feedback study.</p>
Linking genetic diversity and species diversity through plant-soil feedback
<p>Genetic diversity and species diversity are typically studied in isolation despite theory showing they likely influence one another. Here, we used simplified communities of one or two populations of one or two species to test whether linkages between genetic and species diversity can be mediated by interactions between plants and their soil microbiota, or microbe-mediated plant-soil feedback (PSF). Interspecific PSF promotes the maintenance of species diversity when plants grow better with heterospecific soil microbes than with conspecific microbes. Similarly, intraspecific PSF promotes the maintenance of genetic diversity when plants grow better with heterogenotypic than with congenotypic microbes. In a two-generation greenhouse experiment, we conditioned the soil microbial community with pairs of plants that were either two individuals of the same species (lower species diversity) or one individual of each of two species (higher species diversity), and with pairs of plants that were either two individuals from the same population (lower genetic diversity) or one individual from each of two populations (higher genetic diversity). We then tested the effects of these microbial communities on plant growth in a second generation. We found that higher genetic diversity reduced the ability of interspecific PSF to promote plant species diversity, and for one of our two study species, higher species diversity reduced the ability of intraspecific PSF to promote plant genetic diversity. If these patterns occur in more diverse communities, then our results suggest that PSF may dampen the negative effects of diversity loss by promoting diversity at other levels of biological organization.</p>
Plant-soil feedback of the invasive Sorghum halepense on Hainan island, China
<div> <em>Sorghum halepense</em> is a perennial invasive weed causing great harm worldwide, including various regions on Hainan island. In this study, using two approaches, we examined plant-soil feedback of different <em>S. halepense</em> populations. In the first, rhizosphere soil of <em>S. halepense</em> from the field was either sterilized or not to study the role of soil biota on <em>S. halepense</em> growth. In the second, we first let <em>S. halepense</em> plants condition the soil, and then regrow plants on these conditioned soil to study the role of overall changes in soil properties in plant-soil feedback. Sterilization increased the growth of <em>S. halepense</em>, indicating that soil biota inhibited the growth of <em>S. halepense</em>. Soil biota from some populations inhibited the growth of <em>S. halepense</em> more than that from others. In most cases, the relative response of a <em>S. halepense</em> population when associated with its own soil vs. when associated with other soils was similar to the relative response of other populations across the same soils. In the second approach, the effect of conditioning on most soil chemical properties were not different among populations. The interactive effect of conditioning population and replanting population on plant biomass was not significant, indicating that the performance of different <em>S. halepense</em> populations did not depend on the population of <em>S. halepense</em> that conditioned the soil. These results indicate that on Hainan island, <em>S. halepense</em> can outburst and proliferate despite negative feedback with soil biota, and populations of <em>S. halepense</em> differ little in their interactions with soil.</div>
Plant landscape abundance and soil fungi modulate drought effects on plant-soil feedbacks
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Plant-soil feedbacks (PSF) play an important role in determining plant community structure and dynamics. However, previous studies have provided mixed results for the relationship between PSF and plant landscape abundance (i.e., abundance across local communities). This may reflect the mediation of climate factors on PSF. Here, we tested how PSF of tree species varied with local abundances by growing seedlings in conspecific versus heterospecific soil and how simulated drought altered PSF-plant abundance relationships. Six tree species were selected and half of the seedlings were grown under ambient moisture conditions, while the others experienced a 2-month period of drought following 3-months of growth under ambient moisture conditions. Fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil were analysed using DNA </span><span>amplicon</span><span> sequencing to link shifts in soil fungi to the observed PSF. We found that drought reduced negative PSF for all plant species except one species (</span><em><span>Lithocarpus lohangwu</span></em><span>)</span><span>. In the drought treatments, PSF were positively correlated with the relative abundance of total putative pathogens, but negatively correlated with the proportion of unique pathogens (those pathogens that were present in conspecific soil rather than heterospecific soil, thereby potentially species-specific). </span><span>In addition, we found that PSF </span><span>only significantly predicted plant relative abundance in the drought treatment, indicating that abiotic stress made PSF a stronger predictor of plant landscape abundance. This finding also implies that future extreme drought events could promote the dominance of the abundant plant species, thereby leading to the loss of biodiversity.</span><span> Collectively, our results provide evidence for microbial mechanisms of PSF and suggest that accounting for abiotic stress can make PSF a stronger predictor of plant landscape abundance due to the omnipresence of stress under natural conditions.</span></p>
Effects of soil conditioning, root and shoot litter addition interact to determine the intensity of plant-soil feedback (dataset)
<p>Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is recognized as an important mechanism shaping plant communities and determining plant abundance and coexistence. Under natural conditions, plants affect the outcome of plant-soil interactions simultaneously by conditioning the soil by living roots and by litter inputs into the soil. However, most experimental studies only focus on one of the pathways, which limits our understanding of PSF in the field. </p> <p>Here, we simultaneously explored the effect of soil conditioning by living roots and of root and shoot litter addition on the performance of seven <em>Impatiens</em> species grown in a two-phase garden experiment. </p> <p>Soil conditioning negatively affected plant performance and the effect was at least partly explained by nutrient depletion. Root litter addition affected plant performance negatively and the results suggest that biotic effects such as pathogen transmission via the root litter played a role. The effects of root litter addition were more pronounced in control soil which, contrary to the conditioned soil, supposedly did not accumulate pathogens during the conditioning phase. Shoot litter addition increased soil nutrient levels, but had no impact on plant performance. However, presence of shoot litter aggravated the negative effects of root litter, probably due to increased amounts of nutrients available for soil biota and thus their faster growth and intensified effect on the plants. </p> <p><span></span></p> <p>Overall, our study suggests that root and shoot litter have contrasting roles in plant-soil interactions and understanding their separate and interactive effects together with effects of soil conditioning is crucial for assessing the complexity of PSF.</p>
Data from: Plant-litter-soil feedbacks in common grass species are slightly negative and only marginally modified by litter exposed to insect herbivory
<p>Purpose Insect herbivory affects plant growth, nutrient and secondary metabolite concentrations and litter quality. Changes to litter quality due to insect herbivory can alter decomposition, with knock on effects for plant growth mediated through the plantlitter- soil feedback pathway. </p> <p>Methods Using a multi-phase glasshouse experiment, we tested how changes in shoot and root litter quality of fast- and slow-growing grass caused by insect herbivores affect the performance of response plants in the soil in which the litter decomposed. </p> <p>Results We found that insect herbivory resulted in marginal changes to litter quality and did not affect growth when plants were grown with fast- versus slow-growing litter. Overall, presence of litter resulted in reduced root and shoot growth and this effect was significantly more negative in shoots versus roots. However, this effect was minimal, with a loss of c. 1.4% and 3.1% dry weight biomass in roots versus shoots, respectively. Further, shoot litter exposed to insect herbivory interacted with response plant identity to affect root growth.</p> <p>Conclusions Our results suggest that whether litter originates from plant tissues exposed to insect herbivory or not and its interaction with fast- versus slow-growing grasses is of little importance, but species-specific responses to herbivory-conditioned litter can occur. Taken collectively, the overall role of the plant-litter-soil feedbackpathway, as well as its interaction with insect herbivory, is unlikely to affect broader ecosystem processes in this system.</p>
Database for meta-analysis of herbivore impacts on plant-soil feedbacks
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>We conducted a meta-analysis to test for an interaction between plant-soil feedbacks and herbivory, including effects on the magnitude and direction of feedbacks, herbivore consumption and herbivore growth.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em><span> </span></em><span>We identified 197 studies to address herbivore impacts on plant-soil feedbacks and 189 studies to address plant-soil impacts on herbivores. We calculated Hedge's D values to assess three questions: 1) What is the plant-soil feedback value of plants exposed to herbivory or no herbivory? 2) What is the growth or biomass of herbivores feeding on plants exposed to home or away soils in plant-soil feedback studies? 3) How much plant tissue is consumed by herbivores on plants grown in home or away soils?</span></p> <p class="paragraph"><em> </em></p> <p class="paragraph"><span class="normaltextrun">We found an overall significant weak negative effect of herbivory on plant-soil feedbacks that varied by plant functional type. In legumes herbivory drove plant-soil feedbacks from positive to negative, but herbivory on forbs further decreased </span><span class="eop">negative feedbacks</span><span class="normaltextrun">.</span><span class="eop"> </span><span class="normaltextrun"> Herbivore consumption was generally greater on plants grown in away soils. However, herbivore consumption was greater in home soils conditioned by legumes but lower in home soils conditioned by forbs.</span></p> <p class="paragraph"><em> </em></p> <p class="paragraph"><span class="eop">Therefore plant functional type determines the impact of conditioned soil on feedbacks, and herbivore consumption explains these results for legumes but not forbs. </span></p>
Greenhouse plant-soil feedback experiment at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
<p>We conducted a reciprocal greenhouse experiment to examine how the growth of prairie grass species depended on the soil communities conditioned by conspecific or heterospecific plant species in the field. The source soil came from monocultures in a long-term competition experiment (LTCE, Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, MN, USA). Within the LTCE, six species of perennial prairie grasses were grown in monocultures or in eight pairwise competition plots for 12 years under conditions of low and high soil nitrogen availability. In six cases, one species clearly excluded the other; in two cases, the pair appeared to coexist. In year 12, we gathered soil from all 12 soil types (monocultures of six species by two nitrogen levels) and grew seedlings of all six species in each soil type for seven weeks.</p>
Data from: Temporal dynamics of plant-soil feedback and root-associated fungal communities over 100 years of invasion by a non-native plant
1. Pathogens can accumulate on invasive plants over time, which could lead to population declines. The time required for these dynamics to occur is unknown and seldom addressed. Furthermore, no study has assessed plant-soil feedback while characterising plant pathogen and mutualist root fungal communities in the context of invasion time. 2. We used a plant-soil feedback study and 454 pyrosequencing to investigate pathogen accumulation over 100 years on a highly invasive plant in eastern North America that shows localised declines, Vincetoxicum rossicum (Apocynaceae). 3. We collected soil from five sites representing each of four invasion periods of V. rossicum across Ontario, Canada (old, ~100 years; intermediate, 50-60 years; young, <12 years; and uninvaded), and grew V. rossicum in these soils in a glasshouse study. Our hypothesis was that plants grown in soils invaded for longer periods of time would experience less positive feedbacks compared to those grown in more recently invaded or uninvaded soils. We collected roots of V. rossicum from the invasion periods and performed 454 pyrosequencing targeting fungi. We hypothesised that the abundance and richness of fungi that are known plant pathogens would be higher in roots from older invasions compared to more recent invasions. 4. Contrasting with our hypothesis, V. rossicum experienced overall growth promotion due to soil biota, regardless of invasion period. Vincetoxicum rossicum roots were colonised by a large number of fungal taxa, including many known plant pathogens or mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, we found no evidence of pathogen accumulation in older invaded sites in terms of species composition, richness or abundance. 5. Synthesis: Our consistent results in the glasshouse and the field highlight the strength of combining high-throughput sequencing data with plant-soil feedback experiments. We showed that the roots of Vincetoxicum rossicum (Apocynaceae) were colonised by many fungal taxa, but found no evidence for changes in plant growth or accumulation of fungal pathogens with longer invasion time. High pathogen loads may not lead to concurrent declines in invasive plants. Plant invasions, as demonstrated by V. rossicum, may be unpredictable in their ability to accumulate pathogens capable of leading to population declines.
Relationships between plant-soil feedbacks and functional traits
<p>Plant-soil feedbacks (PSF) and functional traits are two active but not well theoretically integrated areas of research. However, PSF and traits are both affected by life history evolution, so the two should theoretically be related.</p> <p>We provide a conceptual framework to link plant functional traits to two types of PSF metrics, and hypothesize that individual PSF (plant performance in conspecific versus heterospecific soil) should be related to the fast-slow trait spectrum, while pairwise PSF (the sum of the individual feedbacks for two species growing in each other's soils) should be related to trait dissimilarity. We performed meta-analyses to test these hypotheses by compiling two datasets, one dataset consisting of individual PSF values and plant trait values (specific leaf area, SLA; leaf N concentration, LNC; specific root length, SRL; fine root diameter, FRD; plant height; seed mass), and the second consisting of pairwise PSF values and trait dissimilarity.</p> <p>Our meta-analyses showed that individual PSF values were more negative in faster-growing species with greater SLA, LNC and SRL, supporting the growth-defence trade-off hypothesis. Plant height was positively correlated with individual PSF, perhaps because large, long-lived plants defend against pathogens better than smaller, shorter-lived plants. We also found that larger-seeded species had more positive or less negative PSF, likely reflecting greater tolerance of soil pathogens. The direction of relationships between trait dissimilarity and pairwise PSF varied with trait identity. Dissimilarities in SRL and FRD were negatively correlated with pairwise PSF, while height dissimilarity was positively correlated with pairwise PSF. The contrasting relationships may reflect distinct links between trait dissimilarity and niche and fitness differences.</p> <p>Synthesis. Our results demonstrate how an integration of PSF and trait-based approaches can advance plant community ecology.</p>
Supplementary material 5 from: Bowman EA, Plowes RM, Gilbert LE (2023) Evidence of plant-soil feedback in South Texas grasslands associated with invasive Guinea grass. NeoBiota 81: 33-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.86672
Results of t-test examining differences in soil characteristics between invaded and uninvaded sites. Electrical conductivity, phosphorus, and sulfur were log-transformed prior to analysis.
Supplementary material 4 from: Bowman EA, Plowes RM, Gilbert LE (2023) Evidence of plant-soil feedback in South Texas grasslands associated with invasive Guinea grass. NeoBiota 81: 33-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.86672
Results of one-way ANOVA examining the effect of autoclave time on soil characteristics. Electrical conductivity, phosphorus, and sulfur were log-transformed prior to analysis.
Supplementary material 1 from: Bowman EA, Plowes RM, Gilbert LE (2023) Evidence of plant-soil feedback in South Texas grasslands associated with invasive Guinea grass. NeoBiota 81: 33-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.86672
Soil sampling sites showing extent of Guinea grass patch (white boundary, I) and adjacent uninvaded grassland (N) with nearby mesquite tree mottes. Google Earth Imagery date 1/13/2014. Scale bar 70m.
Supplementary material 2 from: Bowman EA, Plowes RM, Gilbert LE (2023) Evidence of plant-soil feedback in South Texas grasslands associated with invasive Guinea grass. NeoBiota 81: 33-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.86672
Initial germination of Guinea grass seed (a) and the seedbank (b) during week 1 was higher in soil from invaded sites than uninvaded sites. All data shown here are non-transformed.
Supplementary material 3 from: Bowman EA, Plowes RM, Gilbert LE (2023) Evidence of plant-soil feedback in South Texas grasslands associated with invasive Guinea grass. NeoBiota 81: 33-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.86672
Effect of soil handling method on Guinea grass seedling count (a), native community plant abundance (b), and native community biomass (c). MSS: mixed soil sampling; ISS: individual soil sampling. All data shown are non-transformed.
Exogenous application of plant hormones in the field alters aboveground plant–insect responses and belowground nutrient availability, but does not lead to differences in plant–soil feedbacks
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The temporal dimension of plant-soil microbe interactions: mechanisms promoting feedback between generations
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Data from: Plant-soil-foliage feedbacks on seed germination and seedling growth of an invasive plant Ageratina adenophora
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Data from: Plant-soil feedbacks from 30-year family-specific soil cultures: phylogeny, soil chemistry and plant life stage
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