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Figure 8 in Phylogenetic analyses of a new freshwater amphipod reveal polyphyly within the Holarctic family Crangonyctidae, with revision of the genus Synurella

Figure 8. Sicifera cahawba; holotype male, Old Cahawba Prairie, Dallas County, AL, USA (USNM 1660542), 6.38 mm. A, pleopod 1 (coupling spines and clothes-pin setae enlarged). B, pleopod 2 coupling spines. C, pleopod 3 coupling spines. D, epimera. E, uropod 1. F, uropod 2. G, uropod 3. H, telson. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 3 in Phylogenetic analyses of a new freshwater amphipod reveal polyphyly within the Holarctic family Crangonyctidae, with revision of the genus Synurella

Figure 3. Habitus photographs of Sicifera cahawba. A, holotype, male (USNM 1660542), 6.38 mm, Old Cahawba Prairie, Dallas County, AL, USA. B, allotype, female (USNM 1660543), 8.27 mm, Old Cahawba Prairie, Dallas County, AL, USA. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 6 in Phylogenetic analyses of a new freshwater amphipod reveal polyphyly within the Holarctic family Crangonyctidae, with revision of the genus Synurella

Figure 6. Sicifera cahawba; holotype male, Old Cahawba Prairie, Dallas County, AL (USNM 1660542), 6.38 mm. A, gnathopod 1 (palmar margin and dactylus enlarged). B, gnathopod 2 (palmar margin and dactylus enlarged). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 2 in Phylogenetic analyses of a new freshwater amphipod reveal polyphyly within the Holarctic family Crangonyctidae, with revision of the genus Synurella

Figure 2. Recorded distribution of 'synurellids' in North America. Symbols with outlines denote type localities for the respective taxa.

Figure 1 in Phylogenetic analyses of a new freshwater amphipod reveal polyphyly within the Holarctic family Crangonyctidae, with revision of the genus Synurella

Figure 1. Maximum- likelihood phylogeny acquired from concatenated dataset (18S ribosomal DNA and COI) using IQTREE. Node support for each of the three support methodologies used is indicated by shaded circles placed on nodes; weakly supported nodes are not marked. Results of four species delimitation analyses (bPTP, GMYC, ASAP and ABGD) are presented to the right of the tree for members of the genus Sicifera. Vertical lines to the right of the tree illustrate both major clades within the family and biogeographical realms occupied by members of the Crangonyctidae. The line illustration depicts a male Sicifera cahawba. Abbreviations: ABGD, automatic barcode gap discovery; ASAP, assemble species by automatic partitioning; bPTP, Bayesian Poisson tree processes; GMYC, generalized mixed Yule coalescent; PP, posterior probability; SHaLRT, Shimodaria–Hasegawa approximate likelihood ratio test; UFBS, ultrafast bootstrap. New taxa and new combinations indicated.

Figure 5 in Phylogenetic analyses of a new freshwater amphipod reveal polyphyly within the Holarctic family Crangonyctidae, with revision of the genus Synurella

Figure 5. Sicifera cahawba; holotype male, Old Cahawba Prairie, Dallas County, AL, USA (USNM 1660542), 6.38 mm. A, upper lip. B, lower lip. C, maxilla 1 (outer plate spine teeth enlarged). D, maxilla 2. E, maxilliped (apical margin of inner plate enlarged). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 4 in Phylogenetic analyses of a new freshwater amphipod reveal polyphyly within the Holarctic family Crangonyctidae, with revision of the genus Synurella

Figure 4. Sicifera cahawba; holotype male, Old Cahawba Prairie, Dallas County, Alabama (USNM 1660542), 6.38 mm. A, antenna 1 (single aesthetasc enlarged). B, antenna 2 (single calceolus enlarged). C, left mandible (lacinia mobilis enlarged). D, right mandible (palp omitted, lacinia mobilis enlarged). Scale bars: 1 mm in A, B; 0.5 mm in C, D.

Figure 7 in Phylogenetic analyses of a new freshwater amphipod reveal polyphyly within the Holarctic family Crangonyctidae, with revision of the genus Synurella

Figure 7. Sicifera cahawba; holotype male, Old Cahawba Prairie, Dallas County, AL, USA (USNM 1660542), 6.38 mm. A, pereopod 3. B, pereopod 4. C, pereopod 5. D, pereopod 6. E, pereopod 7. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 10 in Phylogenetic analyses of a new freshwater amphipod reveal polyphyly within the Holarctic family Crangonyctidae, with revision of the genus Synurella

Figure 10. Sicifera cahawba; allotype female, Old Cahawba Prairie, Dallas County, AL, USA (USNM 1660543), 8.27 mm. A, uropod 1. B, uropod 2. C, uropod 3. D, telson. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 9 in Phylogenetic analyses of a new freshwater amphipod reveal polyphyly within the Holarctic family Crangonyctidae, with revision of the genus Synurella

Figure 9. Sicifera cahawba; allotype female, Old Cahawba Prairie, Dallas County, AL, USA (USNM 1660543), 8.27 mm. The arrows in this figure associate the enlargement of the palmar margin/dactylus with the respective gnathopod. A, gnathopod 1 (palmar margin and dactylus enlarged). B, gnathopod 2 (palmar margin and dactylus enlarged). Scale bar: 1 mm.

opencc-zeroJan 2018View details →

Supplementary material 2 from: Korshunova T, Martynov A, Bakken T, Evertsen J, Fletcher K, Mudianta WI, Saito H, Lundin K, Schrödl M, Picton B (2017) Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 717: 1-139. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885

Table S1 : Explanation note: List of samples, localities, GenBank accession numbers, and voucher references.

FIGURE 8 in Description and molecular phylogeny of Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. (Porifera: Axinellida) from East Pacific and remarks about the polyphyly of the genus Axinella

FIGURE 8. Consensus tree of genus Axinella using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian method based on COI mtDNA. Bootstrap values/posterior probabilities (ML/BI) are indicated above the principal node. The clades of Axinella proposed by Gazave et al. 2010 are and labelled as AXI1, AXI 2 and AXI 3. Taxon names are followed by their GenBank accession numbers. Indicate the new species belonging to the Axinella genus.

FIGURE 7 in Description and molecular phylogeny of Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. (Porifera: Axinellida) from East Pacific and remarks about the polyphyly of the genus Axinella

FIGURE 7. Consensus tree of genus Axinella using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods based on 18S rDNA. Bootstrap values/posterior probabilities (ML/BI) are indicated under the principal node. The clades of Axinella proposed by Gazave et al. 2010 are shaded and labelled as AXI I, AXI 2 and AXI 3. Taxon names are followed by their GenBank accession numbers. Indicates the new species belonging to the Axinella genus.

FIGURE 3. Axinella nayaritensis n in Description and molecular phylogeny of Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. (Porifera: Axinellida) from East Pacific and remarks about the polyphyly of the genus Axinella

FIGURE 3. Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. Dry specimen collected from Nayarit A) Preserved specimen where the ectosomal membrane is collapsed. B) Detail of a branch of A) where is clearly observable the ridge surface and the subectosomic canals.

FIGURE 2. Axinella nayaritensis n in Description and molecular phylogeny of Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. (Porifera: Axinellida) from East Pacific and remarks about the polyphyly of the genus Axinella

FIGURE 2. Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. in situ at isla Isabel. A) Holotype at 24 m depth. Black arrows show oscules, and white arrows subectosomic canals. B), C, D) different growth forms and stages of growth (white arrows) found between 21 and 25 m depth.

FIGURE 4. Axinella nayaritensis n in Description and molecular phylogeny of Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. (Porifera: Axinellida) from East Pacific and remarks about the polyphyly of the genus Axinella

FIGURE 4. Axinella nayaritensis n. sp. skeleton of a branch to SEM. A) Cross section where is clearly distinguishable a dense central axial condensation skeleton from which radiate to the surface an extra axial plumoreticulated skeleton. B) Detail of the area of transition to central axial condensation and the plumoreticulated area. C) Extra axial skeleton in the sponge surface where can be observable spicule brushes (D, E).

opennotspecifiedMar 2012View details →

Fig. 6 a–g in Polyphyly of the grass tribe Hainardieae (Poaceae: Pooideae): identification of its different lineages based on molecular phylogenetics, including morphological and cytogenetic characteristics

Fig. 6 a–g Mitotic metaphase chromosomes. of a Deschampsia cespitosa (2n = 26). b Festuca gigantea 2n = 42. c Hainardia cylindrica 2n = 26. d Phleum phleoides (2n =14+ 2B). e Vulpia bromoides (2n = 14). f Koeleria cristata (2n = 56). g Colpodium versicolor (2n = 4)

opennotspecifiedMar 2012View details →

Fig. 4 a–h in Polyphyly of the grass tribe Hainardieae (Poaceae: Pooideae): identification of its different lineages based on molecular phylogenetics, including morphological and cytogenetic characteristics

Fig. 4 a–h Spikelet details. Palea of a Hainardia cylindrica and b Parapholis incurva with glabrous keels (nerves). c, d florets of Narduroides salzmannii with glabrous callus of the lemmas and long rachilla internodes. e, f Agropyropsis lolium with glabrous callus of the lemma (e) and ciliolate keels of the palea (f). g, h Scribneria bolanderi with lemma awned from a sinus of the lemma tip (g) and hairy callus (h). The margin of the lemma is marked at one side in a, b, and f with arrows. Material used: a fruits from Göttingen Botanical Garden in 2006, no. 1850 (HAL); b Röser 2517 (HAL); c Hernández s.n. (C); d Rivas-Martínez s.n. (BASBG); e, f Cosson s.n. (JE); g, h Wilken 16163 and Painter (RSA 695253)

opennotspecifiedJul 2015View details →

FIGURE 8 in Resolution of polyphyly in Pueraria (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae): The creation of two new genera, Haymondia and Toxicopueraria, the resurrection of Neustanthus, and a new combination in Teyleria

FIGURE 8. Toxicopueraria yunnanensis (A–C) & T. peduncularis (D–F). A. Flowers. B. Inflorescences. C. Young, axillary inflorescence, leaf, and appendages flanking the stipule. D. Flowers. E. Young fruits. F. Habit, inflorescence, and leaves. Photographs by Bo Pan.