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136 results for “rangeland”
Data from: Opportunities to integrate herders' indicators into formal rangeland monitoring: an example from Mongolia
Despite increasing calls for knowledge integration around the world, traditional knowledge is rarely used in formal, Western science-based monitoring and resource management. To better understand indicators herders use and their relationship to researcher-measured indicators, we conducted in-depth field interviews with 26 herders in three ecological zones of Mongolia. We asked each herder to 1) assess the overall condition of three different sites located along a livestock-use gradient from their winter camp using a numeric scale, 2) describe the indicators they used in their assessment, and 3) explain what caused their pastures to remain healthy or become degraded. At each site, we collected field data on vegetation variables and compared these with herders' ratings and indicators using linear regression. We used classification and ordination to understand how herders' assessment scores related to plant community composition, and determine how well multivariate analysis of factors determining plant community composition aligned with herders' observations of factors causing rangeland change. Across all ecological zones, herders use indicators similar to those used in formal monitoring. Herders' assessment scores correlated significantly and positively with measured total foliar cover in all three ecological zones, and with additional measured variables in the steppe and desert steppe. Ordination revealed that herder assessment scores were correlated with the primary ordination axis in each zone, and the main factors driving plant community composition in each zone were the same as those identified by herders as the primary causes of rangeland change in that zone. These results show promise for developing integrated indicators and monitoring protocols and highlight the importance of developing a common language of monitoring terminology shared by herders, government monitoring agencies, and researchers. We propose a new model for integrating herder knowledge and participation into formal monitoring in Mongolia, with implications for rangelands and pastoral people globally. We suggest practical ways of involving herders in formal monitoring that have potential broad application for promoting local and indigenous people's participation in implementing international agreements such as the UN Convention to Combat Desertification and the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, both of which call for involvement of local people and indigenous/traditional knowledges.
Data from: Applying ecological site concepts and state-and-transition models to a grazed riparian rangeland
Ecological sites and state-and-transition models are useful tools for generating and testing hypotheses about drivers of vegetation composition in rangeland systems. These models have been widely implemented in upland rangelands, but comparatively little attention has been given to developing ecological site concepts for rangeland riparian areas, and additional environmental criteria may be necessary to classify riparian ecological sites. Between 2013 and 2016, fifteen study reaches on five creeks were studied at Tejon Ranch in southern California. Data were collected to describe the relationship between riparian vegetation composition, environmental variables, and livestock management; and to explore the utility of ecological sites and state-and-transition models for describing riparian vegetation communities and for creating hypotheses about drivers of vegetation change. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify the environmental and vegetation data (15 stream reaches 4 years) into two ecological sites and eight community phases that comprised three vegetation states. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to determine the influence of abiotic site variables, annual precipitation, and cattle activity on vegetation clusters. Channel slope explained the greatest amount of variation in vegetation clusters; however, soil texture, geology, watershed size, and elevation were also selected as important predictors of vegetation composition. The classification tree built with this limited set of abiotic predictor variables explained 90% of the observed vegetation clusters. Cattle grazing and annual precipitation were not linked to qualitative differences in vegetation. Abiotic variables explained almost all of the observed riparian vegetation dynamics—and the divisions in the CART analysis corresponded roughly to the ecological sites—suggesting that ecological sites are well-suited for understanding and predicting change in this highly variable system. These findings support continued development of riparian ecological site concepts and state-and-transition models to aid decision making for conservation and management of rangeland riparian areas.
Data from: Leaf carbon and oxygen isotopes are coordinated with the leaf economics spectrum in Mediterranean rangeland species
The leaf economics spectrum (LES) describes covariation of traits relevant to carbon and nutrient economics across plant species, but much less is known about the relationship between the LES and leaf water economy. We propose an approach combining the measurement of two leaf traits related to water use economy, leaf carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopic composition, and the measurement of leaf morphological and nutrient traits to investigate the link between leaf carbon and nutrient economics and water use. We tested the relationships between leaf traits linked to carbon and nutrient use within the LES and water use traits using leaf δ18O as a proxy of stomatal conductance (gs) and δ13C as a proxy of intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) across 15 Mediterranean rangeland species grown in an irrigated common garden and in a natural grassland in Southern France. The target species spanned a wide range of variation in leaf morphological and nutrient trait values and a wide range of leaf δ18O and δ13C values. PCA analysis revealed multiple associations among leaf morphology, nutrients and isotopic composition, with the first axis alone explaining 56.0% of the total variation across species. Leaf δ18O and δ13C covaried with leaf morphology and leaf nutrient concentrations along a single resource use axis. Species with high leaf δ18O and δ13C (low gs and high WUEi) exhibited a resource-conservative strategy (high LDMC, low leaf N, P and K) whereas species with low leaf δ18O and δ13C (high gs and low WUEi) showed a more resource-acquisitive strategy (high SLA and leaf N, P and K). These leaf trait syndromes and resource use strategies were strongly conserved across sites with contrasting environmental conditions, indicating that foliar δ18O and δ13C can be included as an integral part of the LES for this set of rangeland species. Overall, the data suggest a tight coupling and coordination between water, carbon and nutrient use strategies across herbaceous plant species. A dual δ18O and δ13C isotope approach combined with LES trait measurements is a promising tool to more comprehensively assess the diversity of resource use strategies among coexisting plant species.
Data for: Variation in the role of the flag leaf in the reproductive effort of semi-arid rangeland bunchgrasses
<p>This is the complete data set used in the manuscript titled "Variation in the role of the flag leaf in the reproductive effort of semi-arid rangeland bunchgrasses". It includes the responses of total propagule production, percentage of filled and unfilled seeds, and filled seed-specific mass in response to seed head shading and flag leaf removal in two semi-arid perennial bunchgrasses, crested wheatgrass (<em>Agropyron cristatum</em>) and squirreltail wild rye (<em>Elymus elemoides</em>). Seasonal volumetric soil moisture data is also provided.</p>
Data from: A burning issue: Savanna fire management can generate enough carbon revenue to help restore Africa's rangelands and fill protected area funding gaps
<p>Many savanna-dependent species in Africa including large herbivores and apex predators are at increasing risk of extinction. Achieving effective management of protected areas (PAs) in Africa where lions live will cost an estimated USD >$1-2 B/year in new funding. We explored the potential for fire management-based carbon-financing programs to fill this funding gap and benefit degrading savanna ecosystems. We demonstrated how introducing early dry season fire management programs could produce potential carbon revenues (PCR) from either a single carbon-financing method (avoided emissions) or from multiple sequestration methods ranging from USD $59.6-$655.9 M/year (at USD $5/ton) or USD $155.0 M–$1.7 B/year (at USD $13/ton). We highlighted variable but significant PCR for savanna PAs from USD $1.5–$44.4 M/year per PA. We suggest investing in fire management programs to jump-start the United Nations Decade of Ecological Restoration to help restore degraded African savannas and conserve imperiled keystone herbivores and apex predators. </p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Zembrzuski D, Woller DA, Jech L, Black LR, Reuter KC, Overson R, Cease A (2021) Establishing the nutritional landscape and macronutrient preferences of a major United States rangeland pest, Melanoplus sanguinipes, in field and lab populations. Journal of Orthoptera Research 30(2): 163-172. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.61605
Supplementary material 1 from: Zembrzuski D, Woller DA, Jech L, Black LR, Reuter KC, Overson R, Cease A (2021) Establishing the nutritional landscape and macronutrient preferences of a major United States rangeland pest, Melanoplus sanguinipes, in field and lab populations. Journal of Orthoptera Research 30(2): 163-172. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.61605
Supplementary material 1 from: Lee T, Alemseged Y, Mitchell A (2018) Dropping Hints: Estimating the diets of livestock in rangelands using DNA metabarcoding of faeces. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e22467. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.22467
Location of sample sites in south-western New South Wales, Australia. Location of study area shown as a rectangle on the map of Australia (insert). Names of states and territories are marked. Solid lines indicate state boundaries. Dashed line indicates the course of the Darling River. Dotted line indicates the course of the Great Darling Anabranch. Circles indicate sampling locations, squares indicate towns. Created using Inkscape 0.92.0 (https://inkscape.org/en/). Based on information from Geoscience Australia, Commonwealth of Australia 'National base map with external territories', (http://www.ga.gov.au/interactive-maps/#/theme/national-location-information/map/nationalmap) published under the Creative Commons license CC-By-Au.
Supplementary material 13 from: Lee T, Alemseged Y, Mitchell A (2018) Dropping Hints: Estimating the diets of livestock in rangelands using DNA metabarcoding of faeces. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e22467. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.22467
Species level taxa (GenBank Data), at 3 minimum read depth. Underlined taxa were changed based on the distribution of taxa in the study zone.
Supplementary material 2 from: Lee T, Alemseged Y, Mitchell A (2018) Dropping Hints: Estimating the diets of livestock in rangelands using DNA metabarcoding of faeces. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e22467. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.22467
Table displaying the closest matches on the BOLD database for the 24 reference samples for matK, rbcL and ITS2.
Supplementary material 15 from: Lee T, Alemseged Y, Mitchell A (2018) Dropping Hints: Estimating the diets of livestock in rangelands using DNA metabarcoding of faeces. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e22467. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.22467
Species level taxa (BOLD Data), at 3 minimum read depth. Underlined taxa were changed based on the distribution of taxa in the study zone
Supplementary material 10 from: Lee T, Alemseged Y, Mitchell A (2018) Dropping Hints: Estimating the diets of livestock in rangelands using DNA metabarcoding of faeces. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e22467. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.22467
Tests for normailty and equality of variance to establish whether conducting t-tests on the Dorper and Merino speccies and family level diversity data is appropriate.
Supplementary material 6 from: Lee T, Alemseged Y, Mitchell A (2018) Dropping Hints: Estimating the diets of livestock in rangelands using DNA metabarcoding of faeces. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e22467. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.22467
Species level taxa (BOLD Data). Underlined taxa were changed based on the distribution of taxa in the study zone ('*' indicates that the column contains no taxa).
Supplementary material 11 from: Lee T, Alemseged Y, Mitchell A (2018) Dropping Hints: Estimating the diets of livestock in rangelands using DNA metabarcoding of faeces. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e22467. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.22467
Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's tests exploring the appropriateness of the data for use in ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Data from: Testing rangeland health theory in the Northern Great Plains
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Data from: Applying ecological site concepts and state-and-transition models to a grazed riparian rangeland
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Climate rather than overgrazing explains most rangeland primary productivity change in Mongolia
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Data from: Opportunities to integrate herders’ indicators into formal rangeland monitoring: an example from Mongolia
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Data from: Environmental controls override grazing effects on plant functional traits in Tibetan rangelands
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Data for: Variation in the role of the flag leaf in the reproductive effort of semi-arid rangeland bunchgrasses
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Data from: Combined effects of grazing management and climate on semi-arid steppes: hysteresis dynamics prevent recovery of degraded rangelands
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Allen Brain Atlas
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