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Fig. 7. Rhinopoma hardwickei AMNH 208125 in The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation

Fig. 7. Rhinopoma hardwickei AMNH 208125, digital rendering constructed from CT-scan images, rostral view of the rostrum showing the premaxilla and the external nasal aperture. Scale 5 1 mm.

Fig. 18. Platyrrhinus helleri AMNH 267182 in The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation

Fig. 18. Platyrrhinus helleri AMNH 267182, dorsal view of the rostrum. Indicated with (*) is the maxillary platform that receives both the vomer caudally and medial flange of the palatine process of the premaxilla rostrally. The presence of an accessory medial foramen is also notable. Scale 5 1 mm. Abbreviations: afo accessory medial foramen; C upper canine; I1 first upper incisor; I2 second upper incisor; ifo incisive foramen; mfpp medial flange of the palatine process of the premaxilla; v vomer (incisive incisure).

Fig. 15. Nycteris grandis FMNH 151186 in The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation

Fig. 15. Nycteris grandis FMNH 151186, dorsal view of the rostrum. Scale 5 1 mm. Abbreviations: bp body of premaxilla; C upper canine; I1 first upper incisor; I2 second upper incisor; if incisive fissure; lfpp lateral flange of palatine process of premaxilla; mx maxilla; na nasal; palp palatine process of the maxilla.

Fig. 4. Acerodon celebensis AMNH 153135 in The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation

Fig. 4. Acerodon celebensis AMNH 153135, lateral view of the anterior rostrum indicating (a) angle in the lateral aspect of the maxilloincisive suture and (b) notch in the ventrolateral aspect of the same suture. Scale 5 1 mm. Abbreviation: C upper canine.

Fig. 1. Phyllostomus hastatus AMNH 17032 in The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation

Fig. 1. Phyllostomus hastatus AMNH 17032, ventral (A) and dorsal (B) view of the rostrum showing parts and sutures of the premaxilla. Scale 5 1 mm. Abbreviations: bp body of premaxilla; C upper canine; I1 first upper incisor; I2 second upper incisor; ifo incisive foramen; dI2 deciduous second incisor; iisu interincisive suture; mfpp medial flange of palatine process of premaxilla; mx maxilla; mxisu maxilloincisive suture; na nasal; naisu nasoincisive suture; nap nasal process of the premaxilla; palp palatine process of the maxilla.

Fig. 14. Rhinolophus alcyone AMNH 236298 in The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation

Fig. 14. Rhinolophus alcyone AMNH 236298, dorsal view of the rostrum. Scale 5 1 mm. Abbreviations: a wedge-shaped gap between left and right premaxillary bodies; bp body of the premaxilla; C upper canine; I2 second upper incisor; ifo incisive foramen; lfpp lateral flange of the palatine process of the premaxilla; mfpp medial flange of the palatine process of the premaxilla; mx maxilla.

Fig. 6. Taphozous mauritianus AMNH 257150 in The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation

Fig. 6. Taphozous mauritianus AMNH 257150, dorsal view of the rostrum showing the twisted medial edge of the premaxilla (a) and the proximal pad-like expansion (b) typical of the premaxilla of some emballonurids. Scale 5 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation

Fig. 2. Pteropus lylei CM 87972, ventral view of anterior palate showing incisive fissure. Scale 5 2 mm. Abbreviations: I1 first upper incisor; I2 second upper incisor; if incisive fissure; C upper canine; mxisu maxilloincisive suture; P1 first upper premolar; P3 third upper premolar; palp palatine process of maxilla; v vomer (incisive incisure); vnc ventral nasal concha or maxilloturbinate.

Fig. 5. Casinycteris argynnis AMNH 48751 in The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation

Fig. 5. Casinycteris argynnis AMNH 48751, oblique rostrolateral view of the rostrum showing the dorsomedial process of the premaxilla (dmp). Scale 5 1 mm.

Fig. 13. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon AMNH 245591 in The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation

Fig. 13. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon AMNH 245591, digital rendering constructed from CT-scan images, rostrodorsolateral (A) and rostrodorsal (B) views of the skull. Scale 5 5 mm. Abbreviations: bp body of premaxilla; C upper canine; I2 second upper incisor; ino incisive notch; ppmx palatine process of premaxilla.

Fig. 10. Hipposideros armiger AMNH 216949 in The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation

Fig. 10. Hipposideros armiger AMNH 216949 (A, B) and Hipposideros gigas AMNH 241044 (C, D.). Dorsal (A, C) and ventral (B, D) views of the rostrum showing the premaxilla and its wide medial attachment to the hard palate (cf. Triaenops in Fig. 11). Scale 5 5 mm. Abbreviations: ifo incisive foramen; ino incisive notch.

Fig. 17. Noctilio albiventris AMNH 79673 in The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation

Fig. 17. Noctilio albiventris AMNH 79673 (A) and AMNH 79651 (B), ventral view of the right hard palate showing the inferred process of closing the incisive foramen by the incisive process of the maxilla. Scale 5 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: C upper canine; I1 first upper incisor; I2 second upper incisor; ifo incisive foramen; ipmx incisive process of the maxilla; mfpp medial flange of the palatine process of the premaxilla; mx maxilla; mxisu maxilloinsive suture.

Fig. 21. Desmodus rotundus AMNH 248951 in The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation

Fig. 21. Desmodus rotundus AMNH 248951, lateral (A) and ventral (B) view of the rostrum showing the dorsal displacement of the premaxilla with respect to the maxilla in (A) and the large size of the incisive foramina in (B). Scale 5 1 mm. Abbreviations: C upper canine; I1 first upper incisor; ifo incisive foramen; mfpp medial flange of the palatine process of the premaxilla; vnc ventral nasal concha or maxilloturbinate.

Fig. 9. Cardioderma cor AMNH 184336 in The Chiropteran Premaxilla: A Reanalysis of Morphological Variation and Its Phylogenetic Interpretation

Fig. 9. Cardioderma cor AMNH 184336, oblique view of the rostrum showing reduced premaxilla. Scale 5 1 mm. Abbreviations: bp body of premaxilla; C upper canine; if incisive fissure; nap nasal process of the premaxilla.

Figures 85–88 Figures 85–86 in Reanalysis of the Yunnan population of Scorpiops kubani with a description of a new species, Scorpiops lowei sp. n. (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 85–88 Figures 85–86. The PTC recorded for all the specimens studied from these four populations. The number above each column represents the sample size of the pectines calculated with the corresponding number. Figure 87–88. Scatterplot showing the counts for IAD and MD of pedipalp movable fingers of the specimens from four populations: S. lowei sp. n., S. sp. (Jinghong), S. sp. (Menglun) and S. vachoni. Figure 87. Scatterplot generated for visualizing the means of IAD and MD on the left/right fingers of each individual (if one finger was abnormal, then it was excluded and cited only the counts of the normal finger). Figure 88. Scatterplot generated for visualizing the IAD and MD on both fingers of each individual (abnormal fingers were excluded).

Figures 33–45 in Reanalysis of the Yunnan population of Scorpiops kubani with a description of a new species, Scorpiops lowei sp. n. (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 33–45: Scorpiops lowei sp. n., male holotype, pedipalp chela dorsal (33), external (34) and ventral (35) view, patella dorsal (36), external (37) and ventral (38) view, femur and trochanter dorsal (39), external (40) and ventral (41) view, left movable finger (42), right movable finger (43), and dorsal (44) and ventral (45) views of chelicera. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 33–38 and finger dentition is captioned in Figures 42–43. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figures 31–32 in Reanalysis of the Yunnan population of Scorpiops kubani with a description of a new species, Scorpiops lowei sp. n. (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 31–32: Scorpiops lowei sp. n., sternites under UV light. Figures 31. Male holotype. Figures 32. Female allotype. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figures 23–24 in Reanalysis of the Yunnan population of Scorpiops kubani with a description of a new species, Scorpiops lowei sp. n. (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 23–24: Scorpiops lowei sp. n., male holotype, carapace (23) and tergites I–VII (24) under UV light. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 89 in Reanalysis of the Yunnan population of Scorpiops kubani with a description of a new species, Scorpiops lowei sp. n. (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figure 89: Map showing the type localities of Scorpiops lowei sp. n. in Yunnan (★) and S. kubani in Laos (▲), and the origin of the material of S. lowei sp. n. studied by Di et al. (2011) (●) and Tang (2022c) (●). Other populations/species studied: S. sp. from Jinghong (■), S. sp. from Menglun (■), S. sp. from Wangtianshu (▼) and S. vachoni topotypes (▼).

Figures 19–22 in Reanalysis of the Yunnan population of Scorpiops kubani with a description of a new species, Scorpiops lowei sp. n. (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 19–22: Scorpiops lowei sp. n., habitus under white light. Figures 19–20. Male holotype in dorsal (19) and ventral (20) views. Figures 21–22. Female allotype in dorsal (21) and ventral (22) views. Scale bar = 10 mm.