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430 results for “reproductive success”
Database for "Ecological perspectives on female and male reproductive success with competition in two Serapias species" Annals of Botany 2024
<p>Public data from the paper: Ecological perspectives on female and male reproductive success with competition in two Serapias species by J. Borràs, J. Cursach, C. Herrera, S. Perelló-Suau and M. Capó published in Annals of Botany 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae074">DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae074</a></p>
Dataset for: 'Influence of seasonal temperature fluctuation on successful reproduction of the Gorongosa girdled lizard (Smaug mossambicus)' - Baker and Jones
<p>Datasets for recreating figures in 'Influence of seasonal temperature fluctuation on successful reproduction of the Gorongosa girdled lizard (<em>Smaug mossambicus)' </em>, and an accompanying R script. </p> <p> </p>
Low toxicity crop fungicide (Fenbuconazole) impacts reproductive male quality signals leading to a reduction of mating success in a wild solitary bee
<p>Recent reports on bee health suggest that sub-lethal doses of pesticides have negative effects on wild bee reproduction and ultimately on their population growth.</p> <p>Females of the solitary horned mason bee, Osmia cornuta, evaluate thoracic vibrations and odours of males to assess male quality. When certain criteria are met, the female accepts the male and copulates. However, these signals were found to be modified by sub-lethal doses of pesticides in other hymenopterans. Here, we tested whether sub-lethal doses of a commonly used fungicide (Fenbuconazole) impact male quality signals and mating success in O. cornuta.</p> <p>Males exposed to Fenbuconazole exhibited reduced thoracic vibrations and an altered cuticular hydrocarbon profile compared to the control bees. Moreover, males exposed to the fungicide were less successful in mating than control males.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our results indicate that a low toxicity fungicide can negatively affect male reproductive success by altering behavioural and chemical cues. This could explain the decreasing pollinator populations in a pesticide-polluted environment. This study highlights the need for a more comprehensive approach, including behaviour and chemical cues, when testing new pesticides and a more cautionary approach to the pesticides already used on crops.</p>
Data from: Site fidelity increases reproductive success by increasing foraging efficiency in a marine predator
<p>Seabirds must find food efficiently in the dynamic ocean environment to succeed at raising chicks. In theory, site familiarity, gained by prior experience in a place, should increase foraging efficiency when prey is predictable, and translate into increased reproductive success, though this is difficult to test empirically. To address this, we examined foraging-site fidelity in Magellanic penguins, <em>Spheniscus magellanicus, </em>using movement data from 180 individuals tracked during 23 breeding seasons when penguins make repeated trips from their colony to feed chicks. We tested whether chlorophyll-a concentration, as a proxy for ocean productivity, affects foraging-site fidelity. We then tested whether foraging-site fidelity affects foraging efficiency and reproductive success. Mean foraging-site fidelity was higher in years with higher ocean productivity, when fronts had stronger gradients in temperature and chlorophyll, and prey was likely more predictable. When returning to previously visited foraging sites, penguins arrived and returned faster than predicted for a trip of a given distance, leading to lower mean trip durations and more frequent trips in penguins with high site fidelity. Increased foraging efficiency and chick-feeding frequency in turn led to increased chick survival. Our study reveals that foraging efficiency is a key mechanism linking foraging-site fidelity and reproductive success.</p>
Male song stability shows cross-year repeatability but does not affect reproductive success in a wild passerine bird
<p>Predictable behaviour (or "behavioural stability") might be favoured in certain ecological contexts, e.g. when representing a quality signal. Costs associated with producing stable phenotypes imply selection should favour plasticity in stability when beneficial. Repeatable among-individual differences in degree of stability are simultaneously expected if individuals differ in ability to pay these costs, or in how they resolve cost-benefit trade-offs. Bird song represents a prime example, where stability may be costly yet beneficial when stable singing is a quality signal favoured by sexual selection. Assuming energetic costs, ecological variation (e.g. in food availability) should result in both within- and among-individual variation in stability. If song stability represents a quality signal, we expect directional selection favouring stable singers. For a three-year period, we monitored 12 nest box plots of great tits Parus major during breeding. We recorded male songs during simulated territory intrusions, twice during their mate's laying stage, and twice during incubation. Each preceding winter, we manipulated food availability. Assuming that stability is costly, we expected food-supplemented males to sing more stable songs. We also expected males to sing more stable songs early in the breeding season (when paternity is not decided), and stable singers to have increased reproductive success. We found strong support for plasticity in stability for two key song characteristics: minimum frequency and phrase length. Males were plastic because they became more stable over the season, contrary to expectations. Food-supplementation did not affect body condition but increased stability in minimum frequency. This treatment effect occurred only in one year, implying that food supplementation affected stability only in interaction with (unknown) year-specific ecological factors. We found no support for directional, correlational, or fluctuating selection on the stability in minimum frequency (i.e., the song trait whose stability exhibited cross-year repeatability): stable singers did not have higher reproductive success. Our findings imply that stability in minimum frequency is not a fitness quality indicator unless males enjoy fitness benefits via pathways not studied here. Future studies should thus address the mechanisms shaping and maintaining individual repeatability of song stability in the wild.</p>
Structural anther mimics improve reproductive success through dishonest signalling that enhances both attraction and the morphological fit of pollinators with flowers
<p><span>Numerous studies have identified traits associated with anther mimicry, however, the processes underlying floral deception remains poorly documented for these structures. We studied the importance of pollinator attraction and mechanical fit of anther mimics in <em>Tritonia laxifolia</em> (Iridaceae) and their relative contributions to reproductive success. To determine anther mimics role in pollinator attraction, we offered bees' binary choices to flowers painted with UV absorbent and reflecting paint. We also conducted preference experiments between flowers with excised anther mimics and unmanipulated controls, from which mechanical fit was assessed by allowing single visits. Anther mimics effects on female reproductive success was determined using similar treatments, but on rooted plants. Bees preferred UV absorbent over UV reflecting anther mimics. Bees did not discriminate between flowers with and without three-dimensional anther mimics. Single visits resulted in more pollen deposition on unmanipulated controls over flowers with their anther mimics excised, which was directly linked to pollen-collecting behaviour. Controls with unmanipulated anther mimics had higher seed set than those with their anther mimics excised. This study provides insights into pollinator-mediated selection on deceptive floral signals and shows that three-dimensional anther mimics increases reproductive success through both attraction and pollen-collecting behaviours.</span></p>
Polyploidization-enhanced effective clonal reproduction endows the successful invasion of Solidago canadensis
Clonality and ploidy levels are positively associated with plant invasiveness. However, there is still no consensus on whether polyploidization can promote the invasion of alien plants by enhancing clonality. Our recent long-term community succession study found that the more vigorous clone of introduced polyploid Solidago canadensis succeeded into mono-dominant community, which seems to be a positive correlationship between polyploidization and clonal reproduction. However, how polyploidization improves the clonal reproduction of S. canadensis remains unknown. Here, we compared clonal growth ability among diploids and polyploids of S. canadensis from native and introduced ranges in a common garden. Results showed that the rhizomes of S. canadensis originated from axillary buds of dense nodes at the basal stem of seedling and then produced into clonal ramets. Diploids had denser nodes and more buds, developed more rhizomes per unit mass and produced more clonal propagules at the early growth stage compared with polyploids. However, the number of juvenile and secondary rhizomes, as well as the diameter and length of rhizomes in polyploid populations was significant higher than those of diploids, and those clonal traits in introduced polyploids were significant higher than in native polyploids. Moreover, a phalanx growth form was observed in native and introduced diploid populations, which allocated about 3% and 5% of the total biomass to rhizomes, respectively, resulting in short and weak rhizomes. However, native and introduced polyploids allocated about 35% and 40%, respectively, of the total biomass to rhizomes, resulting in long and strong rhizomes, which were guerrilla growth forms. This study firstly shows that polyploidization enhanced the effective clonal reproduction of S. canadensis through pre-adaptation and rapid post-adaptation evolution, and consequently contributed to its successful invasion.
Provisioning latency increases closer to roads and is associated with species-specific reproductive success in two urban adapters
<p>Most research on urban avian ecology has focused on population- and community-level phenomena, whereas fewer studies have examined how urbanization affects individual behavioral responses to a sudden and novel stimulus, and how those translate to fitness. We measured between-individual variation in provisioning latency in two urban adapters - great tits and blue tits - in response to an infrared camera installed in the nestbox, encountered when offspring in the nest were at the peak of food demand (9–10-days old). For each nestbox, we quantified urbanization as intensity in human activity, distance to road and proportion of impervious surface area. In both species, provisioning latency increased significantly closer to roads. Moreover, increased provisioning latency when exposed to a novel object was associated with higher reproductive success in great tits whose nestboxes were surrounded by high amounts of impervious surface. In contrast, increased provisioning latency was consistently associated with lower reproductive success in blue tits. Our results suggest that provisioning latency changes in relation to the environment surrounding the nest, and may be context- and species-specific when exposed to a novel stimulus, such as a novel object in the nest. To better understand the role of initial behavioral responses towards novelty across an individual's lifetime and, ultimately, its impact on fitness in the urban mosaic, further research explicitly testing different behavioral responses across the entire breeding cycle in wild model systems is needed.</p>
Ineffectiveness of ants in the reproductive success of two sympatric myrmecophilous plants: the success of endophytic beetles
<p>Extrafloral nectaried plants attract ants, which may protect them against herbivory and increase plant fruit set production. In some cases, however, ants are ineffective against herbivores. Such events occur, for instance, when herbivores present adaptations to avoid ant predation. Thus, the outputs of these interactions depend on factors such as ant identity, plant phenology, and herbivore features. Here, we investigated the endophytic florivorous beetles’ impact on the reproductive success of their host plants, two sympatric <em>Banisteriopsis</em> (Malpighiaceae) species, depending on the action of EFNs visiting ants. We experimentally manipulated the presence of ants and herbivores on <em>B. malifolia</em> and <em>B. laevifolia</em> species during their reproductive period. We performed treatments where three similar inflorescences were selected to be (I) control branch, with no manipulations, (II) beetle-free branch, isolated with textile cover, and (III) ant-free branch, isolated at the base with atoxic wax. As a result, we observed (i) that florivorous <em>Anthonomus</em> beetles have a negative impact on <em>Banisteriopsis</em> reproductive success; (ii) ants fail in protecting plants against floral endophytic beetles; and (iii) most of the results were specie-specific. Our results indicate that these systems present very conditional outcomes that depend on THE intrinsic factors of each plant species.</p>
Data: Sex-specific effects of capital resources on reproductive timing and success in red squirrels
<p><span>Reproduction is an energetically expensive activity for both sexes. However, if males and females differ in their annual timing of reproduction, such that peak investment for one sex occurs during a more resource-limited period, there is an opportunity for sex-specific selection to act on the acquisition of energetic resources. Both male and female North American red squirrels (<em>Tamiasciurus hudsonicus</em>) cache conifer cones, although males typically have larger caches than females. Peak energetic investment in reproduction occurs for males during the mating season in winter and early spring (when squirrels rely almost exclusively on cached resources) and for females during lactation (which can align with fresh food availability). We provide evidence that suggests sex differences in cache size are likely driven by a stronger positive connection between cached resources and components of fitness for males than for females. Specifically, males with larger caches have greater siring success than males with smaller caches, whereas for females, only early breeding females experience a positive effect of cache size on the number of recruits produced. We also show that males sire pups and females give birth earlier in the year if they have larger caches compared with squirrels of the same sex with smaller caches. Sexual selection can thus extend beyond traits directly connected to mating behavior, and can act on traits related to acquiring resources needed to fuel reproduction that are expressed months or years in advance of breeding efforts.</span></p>
Flower position within plants influences reproductive success both directly and via phenology
<div> <p>This data set includes data from recordings of 5883 individual flowers of the perennial herb <em>Lathyrus vernus</em> belonging to 558 flowering events (i.e. one plant individual flowering in one year) over three years (1987-1989). It includes data on phenology, reproductive succress and seed predation of individual flowers, as well as data on the position of the flower within the raceme, and of the raceme within the plant. The data wree collected in a population of<em> L. vernus</em> located in a deciduous forest in southeast Sweden (58.9496 N, 17.6097 E). </p> <p> </p> </div>
Activational and organizational effects of testosterone on the number of mating partners and reproductive success in males of a social rodent
<p>The timing of exposure to the steroid hormone, testosterone, produces activational and organizational effects in vertebrates. These activational and organizational effects are hypothesized to relate with the number of female mating partners and reproductive success in males. We tested this hypothesis by examining 151 wild degu (<em>Octodon degus</em>) males across a 10-year study. We quantified the association between adult serum testosterone levels (i.e., an indirect index of adult activational effects) and anogenital distance (AGD) length (i.e., a direct index of fetal organizational effects), and their interaction on the number of female mating partners and reproductive success. We found no evidence of an association between adult male serum testosterone levels and the number of female mating partners, or between adult male serum testosterone levels and reproductive success. However, male AGD was positively associated with reproductive success, but not so with the number of female mating partners. Additionally, the positive association between male AGD and male reproductive success was mediated by the number of mates. Our findings do not support major roles of activational or organizational effects of testosterone on the number of female mating partners and its consequences on male reproductive success. Instead, our results suggest that compared with individual male attributes, the female social environment plays a more important role in driving male reproductive success.</p>
Figure 2 in Successful reproduction of dragonflies in an artistic water fountain in Versailles, France
Figure 2. Sympetrum striolatum (exuvia) in dorsal wiew.
Figure 3 in Successful reproduction of dragonflies in an artistic water fountain in Versailles, France
Figure 3. Aeshna cyanea in ventral view showing ovipositor.
Data and code for "Loss of pollinator diversity consistently reduces reproductive success for wild and cultivated plants"
<p>Data and code for "Loss of pollinator diversity consistently reduces reproductive success for wild and cultivated plants"</p>
Heterospecific pollen deposition is positively associated with reproductive success in a diverse hummingbird-pollinated plant community
<p>Heterospecific pollen deposition (HPD) is ubiquitous across plant communities, especially for generalized species which use a diversity of pollinators, and may have negative effects on plant reproduction. However, it is unclear whether temporal changes in the co-flowering community result in changes in HPD patterns. Moreover, community-level studies are required to understand which factors influence HPD and how the reproduction of different species is affected. We investigated the temporal variation of HPD, its relationship with level of specialization on pollinators and floral phenotypic specialization, and its association with reproductive success (pollen limitation and fruit set) in 31 hummingbird-pollinated plant species in a tropical Campo Rupestre. We found seasonality in HPD, with species flowering in the dry season having greater diversity of heterospecific pollen on stigmas and a higher frequency of stigmas containing heterospecific pollen, compared to the rainy season. Stigmas of ecologically generalized species had more heterospecific pollen, while the relationship for ecologically specialized species depended on floral phenotype. Surprisingly, and in contrast to theory, we found a positive relationship between HPD and reproductive success. Our results indicate benefits of generalization and facilitation, in which sharing pollinators brings greater reproductive success via increased conspecific pollen deposition, even if it incurs more HPD. We demonstrated how assessing HPD at a community-level can contribute to understanding the ecological causes and functional consequences of pollinator sharing.</p>
Why do parents produce small broods of offspring that have lower body mass, survival, and lifetime reproductive success? A case study in a long-lived bird
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Numerous studies have </span><span>examined the correlation between offspring </span><span>quantity</span><span> and quality</span><span>, and many have found that the most common brood size is often smaller than broods with the highest offspring quality or production. However, the reasons why these small broods with lower offspring quality are produced, are still poorly explained. Using data spanning 29 years, we investigated the effects of brood size on nestlings' body mass and the lifetime fitness for those offspring as adults (as proxies of offspring quality) in the Crested Ibis (<em>Nipponia nippon</em>). We also examined the temporal variation of brood size. We found that overall offspring quality increases with brood size and that individuals from broods of three had the highest quality, as quantified by larger body mass, higher adult survival, and lifetime reproductive success. Furthermore, brood size of an individual pair significantly varied across years, and the proportion of broods containing two offspring increased while broods of three decreased after 2000 when the population dispersed to low-quality habitat. These findings indicate that spatiotemporal variation in resources may impact variation in brood size and subsequent fitness consequences, and that small broods are more common in resource-poor years or low-quality habitats. In contrast, parents with access to high-quality resources produce larger broods of nestlings that achieve higher body mass and subsequently experience higher adult survival and lifetime fitness. This study highlights how variation in life history traits can be influenced by resource condition, and provides an insight into particular habitat that need conservation for Crested Ibis.</span></p>
Sweepstakes reproductive success via pervasive and recurrent selective sweeps
<p>Highly fecund natural populations characterized by high early mortality abound, yet our knowledge about their recruitment dynamics is somewhat rudimentary. This knowledge gap has implications for our understanding of genetic variation, population connectivity, local adaptation, and the resilience of highly fecund populations. The concept of sweepstakes reproductive success, which posits a considerable variance and skew in individual reproductive output, is key to understanding the distribution of individual reproductive success. However, it still needs to be determined whether highly fecund organisms reproduce through sweepstakes and, if they do, the relative roles of neutral and selective sweepstakes. Here we use coalescent-based statistical analysis of population genomic data to show that selective sweepstakes likely explain recruitment dynamics in the highly fecund Atlantic cod. We show that the Kingman coalescent (modeling no sweepstakes) and the Xi-Beta coalescent (modeling random sweepstakes), including complex demography and background selection, do not provide an adequate fit for the data. The Durrett-Schweinsberg coalescent, in which selective sweepstakes result from recurrent and pervasive selective sweeps of new mutations, offers greater explanatory power. Our results show that models of sweepstakes reproduction and multiple-merger coalescents are relevant and necessary for understanding genetic diversity in highly fecund natural populations. These findings have fundamental implications for understanding the recruitment variation of fish stocks and general evolutionary genomics of high-fecundity organisms.</p>
High population density and large body mass lead to increased reproductive success
<p>Although population density and phenotype are known to alter the mating strategies of individuals, their impacts on reproductive success have not been fully investigated. We examined genetic mating system variation (number of mating partners), reproductive success (offspring number) and sperm competition intensity (sires per litter) in semi-natural populations of Brandt's voles (<em>Lasiopodomys brandtii</em>) under low-, medium- and high-densities. We used 12 microsatellite genetic markers and parentage assignment of 3,516 voles, with the aim of identifying the number of mating partners and offspring produced by founder individuals. We provided strong evidence that individuals with more mating partners experienced increased reproductive success, as measured by the production of more offspring, compared with individuals that had fewer mating partners. Further, we found that large males had more mating partners (especially in high-population density enclosures) and also produced more offspring relative to smaller males. A high density of founder individuals led to more sires per litter but greater paternity share across litters (reduced paternity skew). Our results suggest that a polygamous mating system and increased body size should be favored by natural selection, and density-dependent variation in mating strategy would be sufficient to stabilize reproductive fitness under unfavorable conditions such as high founding density.</p>
Data from: Density-dependent reproductive success among sympatric dipterocarps during a major mast fruiting event
<p><span>The files hold the data for the paper entitled "</span>Density-dependent reproductive success among sympatric dipterocarps during a major mast fruiting event", which includes <span>(i) the weight and status of seeds collected with seed traps in a Bornean tropical forest during a mast fruiting event, and (ii) the results of a seed sowing experiment in primary and secondary forests. Study site was t</span>he Deramakot and Tangkulap Forest Reserves, Sabah, Malaysia (5°14– 30'N, 117°11–36'E)<span>.</span></p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.