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Fig. 1 in The effect of reproductive system on invasiveness: lessons from South American weevils

Fig. 1. Worldwide spatial distribution of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic variation of Naupactus cervinus and Naupactus leucoloma. The lef and right side of the pie chart depicts the mitochondrial and nuclear variants, respectively. Circles are multi-locus genotypes of Naupactus cervinus and squares are multi-locus genotypes of Naupactus leucoloma. Distribution in Argentina of the colonizer genotypes also is indicated in smaller size.

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Fig. 2 in The effect of reproductive system on invasiveness: lessons from South American weevils

Fig. 2. Multi-locus genotypes of N. cervinus in locations surrounding the port of Buenos Aires (indicated by ship's wheel (helm) symbol).

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Fig. 8. Female reproductive system, ventral view. A. Stenothemus grahami Wittmer, 1974 in Taxonomic revision of the species of Stenothemus from Southwest China (Coleoptera, Cantharidae), with the descriptions of five new species

Fig. 8. Female reproductive system, ventral view. A. Stenothemus grahami Wittmer, 1974 (IZAS, Gansu). B. S. jindrai Švihla, 2004 (IZAS, Sichuan). C. S. minutissimus (Pic, 1933) comb. nov. (IZAS, Sichuan). D. S. tryznai Švihla, 2004 (IZAS, Sichuan). Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

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Fig. 4. Female reproductive system, ventral view. A in Taxonomic revision of the species of Stenothemus from Southwest China (Coleoptera, Cantharidae), with the descriptions of five new species

Fig. 4. Female reproductive system, ventral view. A. Stenothemus shaanxiensis Švihla, 2004 stat. nov. (IZAS, Shaanxi). B. S. davidi (Pic, 1926) comb. nov. (IZAS, Shaanxi). C. S. diffusus Wittmer, 1974 (MHBU, Sichuan). D. S. dundai Švihla, 2004 (MHBU, Sichuan). Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Figs. 30-32 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 30-32. Selected ultrastructural aspects of adult female internal reproductive system. Ultrastructure of oocyte and cytoplasmatic cord, TEM micrographs. 30 – surface and cortical cytoplasmatic area of oocyte rich on membranes of endoplasmatic reticulum; 31 – late state of vitellogenesis – cytoplasm of vitellogenetic oocyte with large yolk granula (blackish); 32 – mitochondria of cytoplasmatic trophic cord nourishing oocyte.

Figs. 26-29 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 26-29. Selected histological and ultrastructural aspects of adult female internal reproductive system. Follicular cells and oocytes, TEM micrographs. 26 – follicular cells with large nuclei forming unilayered follicular epithelium of egg chambers; 27 – previtellogenetic oocytes connected by cytoplasmatic bridges; 28 – same, higher magnification; 29 – start of vitellogenesis, yolk granula forming in cytoplasm of vitellogenetic oocyte.

Figs. 5-8 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 5-8. Differentiation of terminal portions of outflow ways in males (dorsal view, semischematic). 5 – nymph of instar 1, beginning of terminal ampullae formation; 6 – nymph of instar 2, beginning of ectodermal outflow ways and paired mesodermal accessory glands formation; 7 – nymph of instar 3, beginning of unpaired ectodermal accessory gland formation; 8 – nymph of instar 4, beginning of phallus formation. Abbreviations: ect – anlage of ectodermal accessory gland; ed – anlages of ejaculatory duct; hs8 and hs9 – hypodermis of abdominal sterna 8 and 9 (this structure forms the anlages of genital capsule of nymphal instars 3 and 4); mes – anlages of mesodermal accessory glands; ph – anlage of phallus; tavd – terminal ampullae of vasa deferentia. Vertical lines = cavities of mesodermal structures (localised ventrally); dots = cavities of ectodermal structures (localised dorsally).

Figs.17-18 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs.17-18. Adult female internal reproductive system (dorsal view). 17 – teneral female (immature female early after last moulting); 18 – fully mature, egg-laying female. Abbreviations: bc – bursa copulatrix; che – chorionated egg; cl – corpus luteum; co – common oviduct; ge – germarium; lo – lateral oviduct; lovl – lumen of ovariole; o – oocyte; ovl – ovariole; sc – spermatheca; tf – terminal filament; va – vagina; vi – vitellarium.

Figs. 19-25 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 19-25. Selected histological aspects of adult male internal reproductive system. 19-21 – light microscope photographs; 22-25 – TEM micrographs. 19 – continual multiwaved spermatogenesis in adult male, about four weeks after final moult, gonocytes; 20 – secretion of paired mesodermal accessory gland (transverse section of mesadenium); 21 – secretion of unpaired ectodermal accessory gland (transverse section of ectadenium); 22 – cysts of secondary spermatocytes; 23 – presperms, transverse section; 24 – spermatozoa, transverse section; 25 – spermatozoan flagellum, longitudinal section.Abbreviations: sp I – primary spermatocytes; sp II – secondary spermatocytes; st – spermatids; sm – spermatozoa.

Figs. 11-12 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 11-12. Male internal reproductive system (dorsal view). 11 – nymphal instar 5 (pharate imago before moulting; left testis and outflow ways omitted); 12 – mature adult (right testis and outflow ways omitted). Abbreviations: bm – bifurcation of paired mesodermal accessory glands; ect – unpaired ectodermal accessory gland; ed – ejaculatory duct; mes – mesodermal accessory gland; sv – seminal vesicle; tes – testis; tl – testicular follicles; ttl – proximal part of testicular follicles (= expanded vasa efferentia forming 'accessory seminal vesicles'); vd – vas deferens.

Figs. 13-16 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 13-16. Female internal reproductive system of nymphal stages, ovarium and terminal portion of outflow ways (dorsal view, semischematic). 13 – nymph of instar 3, beginning of ectodermal invagination of outflow ways; 14 – nymph of instar 3, right ovary; 15 – nymph of late instar 4, beginning of evagination of spermatheca and bursa copulatrix, hypodermis of abdominal sterna 8 and 9 forming anlages of all three pairs of valvules; 16 – nymph of instar 5, same as in Fig. 15. Abbreviations: bc – evagination of bursa copulatrix; ew – wall of ectodermal invagination; g – gonapophyse; hs 8 and hs 9 – hypodermis of abdominal sterna 8 and 9; lo – lateral oviduct; sc – anlage of spermatheca; talo – terminal ampulla of lateral oviduct; 1v – first valvula; 2v – second valvula; va & oc – anlage of vagina and common oviduct. Vertical lines = cavities of the lateral oviducts; dots = anlages of vagina and common oviduct; horizontal lines = cavity of anlage of spermatheca; oblique lines = cavity of anlage of bursa copulatrix.

Figs. 9-10 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 9-10. Male internal reproductive system of a nymph of early instar 5 (dorsal view, semischematic). 9 – location of male reproductive system in abdominal cavity; 10 – terminal parts of outflow ways and hypodermal anlage of genital capsule. Abbreviations: ect – anlages of ectodermal accessory glands; ed – anlage of ejaculatory duct; gc – anlage of genital capsule; mes – anlages of mesodermal accessory glands; ph – anlage of phallus; S3-S9 – abdominal sterna 3-9; tes – testis; vd – vas deferens.

Figs. 1-4 in Structure and development of the reproductive system in Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Aphelocheiridae)

Figs. 1-4. Right testis of the first four nymphal instars (caudal view). 1 – nymph of instar 1, testicular follicles discernable; 2 – nymph of instar 2, beginning of testicular follicles differentiation; 3 – nymph of instar 3, testicular follicles distinguishable, divided into two groups (2+2); 4 – nymph of late instar 4, testicular follicles fully differentiated, period of rapid growth of their basal parts, apical parts slightly coiled.

Fig. 8 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study

Fig. 8: (a) Most basal region of the accessory gland with the duct being covered with a muscle coat containing circular (cm) and longitudinal (lm) muscle fibres (bar: 1 mm). (b) Typical appearance of a single cell within the tissue of the accessory gland (bar: 10 µm). (c) Basal part of the gland's epithelium with a basal membrane (bm) demarcating the epithelium from the coelom (bar: 10 µm). Additional abbreviations: nl…nucleolus, tr…tracheole.

Fig. 9 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study

Fig. 9: Ultrastructure of the apical part of an accessory gland cell with its typical arrangement of the microvilli and the three-layer cuticula (bar: 5 µm). (b) More detailed view on the apical part (bar: 3 µm). (c) Basal part of an accessory gland cell with an extensive formation of extracellular spaces (bar: 5 µm). Additional abbreviation: cb: cell border.

Fig. 7 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study

Fig. 7: (a) Detailed cellular structure of the glandular region II of the ductus receptaculi (bar: 10 µm). (b) End apparatus of a glandular cell within region II of the ductus (bar: 3 µm). (c) Cellular ultra-structure of region III of the ductus (bar: 10 µm). Additional abbreviations: cfc…cuticula-forming cell, ecs…extracellular space, ed…efferent ductule, ep…epithelium, mc…muscle coat, mit…mitochondrium, n..nucleus, ves…vesicle.

Fig. 5 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study

Fig. 5: Detailed views of some essential structures within the reproductive system of female Teleogryllus. (a) Different cross sections of the ductus receptaculi exhibiting a typical one-layer epithelium being demarcated from the glandular lumen by a more or less thick cuticular intima (bar: 0.5 mm). (b) Cross sections through the middle region of the ductus receptaculi with its glandular charcteristics (bar: 0.5 mm). Abbreviations: see Fig. 4, additional abbreviation: m…muscle tissue.

Fig. 6 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study

Fig. 6: Detailed morphology and histology of selected reproductive structures. (a) Internal surface of the receptaculum seminis with its numerous spines (sp; bar: 10 µm). (b) Cuticular process in the receptaculum (bar: 10 µm). (c) Detailed view on the terminal papilla (tp) and the orifice of the median oviduct (mo; bar: 0.1 mm). (d) Ultrastructure of region I of the ductus receptaculi (bar: 5 µm). (e) Cross section through region II of the ductus (bar: 30 µm). Additional abbreviations: ci…cuticular intima, gc…glandular cell, lu…lumen, ml…muscle layer, mv…microvilli.

Fig. 4 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study

Fig. 4: (a) Median histological section through the terminal segments of the female abdomen with its essential reproductive structures (bar: 0.5 mm). (b) Cross section through the 7th abdominal segment providing a detailed insight into the arrangement of several ductal structures (bar: 0.5 mm). Abbreviations: ag…accessory gland, dr2…ductus receptaculi, region II, dr3…ductus receptaculi, region III, ft…fatty tissue, gt…gut, lo…lateral oviduct, mo…median oviduct, op…ovipositor, rs…receptaculum seminis, sgp…subgenital plate, tp…terminal papilla.

Fig. 2 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study

Fig. 2: (a) Median section through those abdominal segments containing the reproductive system. The accessory glands positioned more laterally are not visible in this view (bar: 2 mm). (b) Illustration exhibiting the organ arrangement of the reproductive system in orthopteran insects (bar: 2 mm).