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126 results for “resistance to invasion”
Non-invasive Assessment of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Elderly Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01554774. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Cotrimoxazole Versus Vancomycin for Invasive Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infections
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00427076. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Efficacy of Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Axial Spondyloarthritis Resistant to Biotherapies
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04286373. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Burden of Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease in Infants and Resistance Surveillance in China
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02812576. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
The Role of Pyruvate Kinase M2 in Growth, Invasion and Drug Resistance in Human Urothelial Carcinoma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01968928. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Data from: Linking disturbance and resistance to invasion via changes in biodiversity: a conceptual model and an experimental test on rocky reefs
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Data from: Evolution of starvation resistance in an invasive insect species, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)
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Data from: Indirect effects of habitat disturbance on invasion: nutritious litter from a grazing resistant plant favors alien over native Collembola
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Data from: Biotic resistance to tropical ornamental invasion
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The role of preadapted traits and turfgrass community resistance in Taraxacum officinale invasion success
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Timing of invasive species removal influences nonnative biotic resistance and trajectories of community reassembly
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Data from: Hybridization of an invasive shrub affects tolerance and resistance to defoliation by a biological control agent
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Skin resistance to water gain and loss has changed in cane toads (Rhinella marina) during their Australian invasion
The water-permeable skin of amphibians renders them highly sensitive to climatic conditions, and interspecific correlations between environmental moisture levels and rates of water exchange across the skin suggest that natural selection adapts hydroregulatory mechanisms to local challenges. How quickly can such mechanisms shift when a species encounters novel moisture regimes? Cutaneous resistance to water loss and gain in wild-caught cane toads (Rhinella marina) from Brazil, USA (Hawai'i) and Australia exhibited strong geographic variation. Cutaneous resistance was low in native-range (Brazilian) toads and in Hawai'ian populations (where toads were introduced in 1932) but significantly higher in toads from eastern Australia (where toads were introduced in 1935). Toads from recently-invaded areas in western Australia exhibited cutaneous resistance to water loss similar to the native-range populations, possibly because toads are restricted to moist sites within this highly arid landscape. Rates of rehydration exhibited significant but less extreme geographic variation, being higher in the native-range than in invaded regions. Thus, in less than a century, cane toads invading areas that impose different climatic challenges have diverged in the capacity for hydroregulation.
Data from: The effects of spatial structure, frequency dependence and resistance evolution on the dynamics of toxin-mediated microbial invasions
Recent evidence suggests that interference competition between bacteria shapes the distribution of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus in the lower nasal airway of humans, either by preventing colonization or by driving displacement. This competition within the nasal microbial community would add to known host factors that affect colonization. We tested the role of toxin-mediated interference competition in both structured and unstructured environments, by culturing S. aureus with toxin-producing or nonproducing Staphylococcus epidermidis nasal isolates. Toxin-producing S. epidermidis invaded S. aureus populations more successfully than nonproducers, and invasion was promoted by spatial structure. Complete displacement of S. aureus was prevented by the evolution of toxin resistance. Conversely, toxin-producing S. epidermidis restricted S. aureus invasion. Invasion of toxin-producing S. epidermidis populations by S. aureus resulted from the evolution of toxin resistance, which was favoured by high initial frequency and low spatial structure. Enhanced toxin production also evolved in some invading populations of S. epidermidis. Toxin production therefore promoted invasion by, and constrained invasion into, populations of producers. Spatial structure enhanced both of these invasion effects. Our findings suggest that manipulation of the nasal microbial community could be used to limit colonization by S. aureus, which might limit transmission and infection rates.
Data from: Adaptive and non-adaptive evolution of trait means and genetic trait correlations for herbivory resistance and performance in an invasive plant
The EICA-hypothesis predicts that invading plants adapt to their novel environment by evolving increased performance and reduced resistance in response to the release from natural enemies, and assumes a resource allocation tradeoff among both trait groups as mechanistic basis of this evolutionary change. Using the plant Silene latifolia as a study system, we tested these predictions by investigating whether 1) invasive populations evolved lower resistance and higher performance, 2) this evolutionary change is indeed adaptive, and 3) there is a negative genetic correlation among performance and resistance (i.e. a tradeoff) in native and introduced individuals. We sampled eight native and eight invasive populations and determined their population co-ancestry based on neutral SSR-markers. We performed controlled crossings to produce five sib-groups per population and exposed them to increased and reduced levels of enemy attack in a full-factorial experiment to estimate performance and resistance. With these data, we performed trait-by-trait comparisons between ranges with 'animal models' that account for population co-ancestry to quantify the amount of variance in traits explained by non-adaptive vs. adaptive evolution. Moreover, we tested for genetic correlations among performance and resistance traits within sib-groups. We found significant reductions in resistance and increases in performance in invasive versus native populations, which could largely be attributed to adaptive evolution. While we detected a non-significant trend towards negative genetic performance × resistance correlations in native populations, invasive populations exhibited both significant and non-significant positive correlations. In summary, these results do not support a shift of performance and resistance trait values along a tradeoff line in response to enemy release, as predicted EICA. They rather suggest that the independent evolution of both traits is not constrained by a tradeoff, and that various selective agents (including resource availability) interact in shaping both traits and in weakening negative genetic correlations in the invaded habitat.
Data from: Biotic resistance to an alien amphibian: larval competition between Japanese frogs and invasive cane toads
Understanding negative effects of native species on introduced taxa may suggest novel ways to control the invasive species by enhancing such effects. Previous studies have reported that the larvae of invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) are suppressed by competition with the larvae of native anurans in Australia, but not in North America. We conducted laboratory trials to measure the effect of exposure to the larvae of Japanese frogs (Microhyla ornata, Fejervarya sakishimensis, Rhacophorus owstoni) on rates of survival, growth and development of cane toad tadpoles in Ishigaki Island, in southern Japan. Survival rates were not affected by native species, but competition with Dicroglossids and Rhacophorids (but not Microhylids) strongly reduced rates of growth and development in the tadpoles of cane toads. Dicroglossid tadpoles also reduced the body condition to toad tadpoles in addition to effects on SVL and mass. Encouraging populations of native frogs in toad-invaded areas of Japan thus may help to reduce the numbers of invasive cane toads.
Supporting data and code for: Distribution of invasive versus native whitefly species and their pyrethroid knock-down resistance allele in a context of interspecific hybridization
<p>This is the first release of the final data and code for the article accepted for publication in Scientific Reports journal. It contains all the necessary scripts to produce most of the analyses and figures of the manuscript. All the necessary data can be found in the 'data' folder.</p>
Data from: Adaptive and non-adaptive evolution of trait means and genetic trait correlations for herbivory resistance and performance in an invasive plant
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Data from: The effects of spatial structure, frequency dependence and resistance evolution on the dynamics of toxin-mediated microbial invasions
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Data from: Biotic resistance to an alien amphibian: larval competition between Japanese frogs and invasive cane toads
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