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Figure 4 in FLORA OF NEPAL NOTULAE IV: NEW SPECIES AND RESURRECTED NAMES IN SILENE

Figure 4. Silene thomsonii: A, eastern form; B, 'weedy' lowland form; C, widespread form (except the extreme east of the distribution area). Photographs: A and B, E. Byers; C, K. Halberg.

Figure 3 in FLORA OF NEPAL NOTULAE IV: NEW SPECIES AND RESURRECTED NAMES IN SILENE

Figure 3. Silene thomsonii: A, whole plant, low-altitude form; B, whole plant, Central Nepalese form to which the type of the name S. thomsonii belongs; C, whole plant, Central Nepalese form to which the type of the name S. thomsonii belongs; D, whole plant, eastern form from Solukhumbu; E, calyx (drawn from resoftened herbarium material; the calyces are much more closed when fresh, see Figure 4); F, calyx (drawn from resoftened herbarium material; the calyces are much more closed when fresh, see Figure 4); G, hairs on calyx teeth; H, hairs on calyx veins; I, upper part of pedicel; J, seed; K, seed; L, petal; M, petal. Scale bars: A–D, 10 cm; E, F, L, M, 1 cm; G–K, 1 mm. Vouchers: A, Suzuki et al. 9485253 (E); B, Hoshino et al. 9666181 (E); C, Yon 165 (E); D, Wakabayashi et al. 9710312 (E); E, Suzuki et al. 9485253 (E); F–H, B. Yon 233 (E); I, DNEP3 AY36 (E); J, Wakabayashi et al. 9710312 (E); K, KR 9740430 (KATH); L, B. Yon 233 (E); M, DNEP3 AY36 (E). Drawings: Magnus Lidén.

Figure 2. A in FLORA OF NEPAL NOTULAE IV: NEW SPECIES AND RESURRECTED NAMES IN SILENE

Figure 2. A small plant of Silene scoparia in a rock wall between Lupra and Kagbeni. Note the infection by Microbotryum violaceum affecting the anthers. Photograph: Michelle Page.

Figure 1 in FLORA OF NEPAL NOTULAE IV: NEW SPECIES AND RESURRECTED NAMES IN SILENE

Figure 1. Silene scoparia Lidén, sp. nov.: A, whole plant leaf rosettes; B, whole plant with flowers (two damaged flowers have been 'mended' for clarity, with the mended parts appearing lighter); C, calyx (insert: calyx teeth); D, hairs on calyx veins; E, hairs on pedicels; F, hairs on calyx teeth vein; G, petal; H, cauline leaf; I, seed. Silene oreoploca Lidén, nom. nov.: J, whole plant with flowers; K, calyx (insert: calyx teeth); L, hairs on calyx veins; M, hairs on pedicels; N, petal; O, cauline leaf; P, seed; Q, androgynophore pubescence. Silene moorcroftiana Wall. ex Benth.: R, whole plant with flowers; S, calyx (insert: calyx teeth); T, hairs on calyx veins; U, hairs on pedicels; V, petal; W, cauline leaf; X, seed; Y, androgynophore pubescence. Scale bars: A, B, J, R, 10 cm; G, H, N, O, V, W and C, K, S (excluding inserts), 1 cm; C, K, S (inserts), 2 mm; D–F, I, L, P, Q, T, X and Y, 1 mm. Vouchers: A, Y. Iokawa et al. 20020015 (E00826586); B, M. Minaki et al. 9104467 (E00231757); C–I, G. Miehe, S. Miehe & K. Koch 01-076-08 (GB); J, Tibet herbal medicine census 1666 (PE); K–O, Chen Jia-Rui 92294 (PE); P and Q, Miehe 99-49-10 (GB); R, S. Noshiro et al. 20106115 (TI); S–Y, S. Miehe 99-62-16 (GB). Drawings: Magnus Lidén.

Figure 5 in FLORA OF NEPAL NOTULAE IV: NEW SPECIES AND RESURRECTED NAMES IN SILENE

Figure 5. Silene nyalamensis (L.H.Zhou) Lidén, comb. nov.: A, calyx; B, petal; C, seed; D, whole plant; E, upper part of pedicel; F, calyx vein pubescence; G, calyx teeth cilia. Silene blepharicalyx Lidén, sp. nov.: H, calyx; I, petal; J, seed; K, whole plant; L, upper part of pedicel; M, calyx vein pubescence; N, calyx teeth cilia. Silene procera Lidén, sp. nov.: O, calyx; P, petal; Q, seed; R, S, whole plant; T, upper part of pedicel; U, calyx vein pubescence; V, calyx teeth cilia. Scale bars: A, B, H, I, O, P, 1 cm; C, E–G, J, L–N, Q, T–V, 1 mm; D, K, R, S, 10 cm. Vouchers: A, C–G, Tibet herbal medicine census 1832 (PE); B, Banerji & P.R. Shakya 5706 (KATH); H, L–N, K.K. Shrestha & S.K. Ghimire SP363 (KATH); I, J, S. Noshiro et al. 20106081 (E); K, A. Stainton, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 2197 (E); O, P, R–V, H. Ikeda et al. (Manaslu 2008 expedition) 20815090 (E); Q, H. Ikeda et al. 20811114 (E). Drawings: Magnus Lidén.

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Figure 1 in THE RESURRECTION OF ANCISTROCLADUS PACHYRRHACHIS (ANCISTROCLADACEAE) FROM LIBERIA

Figure 1. Ancistrocladus pachyrrhachis: A, fast-growing climbing shoot with small adult leaves; B, close-up of growing climbing shoot; C, slow-growing shoot (arising from a creeping branch) with adult and immature leaves; D, large leaf of slow-growing shoot. Photographs of Jongkind 14904 (BR), taken by Carel Jongkind.

Fig. 16 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 16. Esca of Lophiomus spp. A. Lm. laticeps (Ogilby, 1910) stat. rev. (NTUM13463, sample ID: NC1375). B. Ditto (NTUM13468, sample ID: NC964). C. Lm. nigriventris sp. nov., holotype (NTUM15096, sample ID: WJC5808). D. Lm. immaculioralis sp. nov., holotype (NTUM16313, sample ID: WJC7777). E. Lm. carusoi sp. nov., holotype (MNHN 2024-0099, sample ID: NC2059). F. Ditto, paratype (NTUM17682, sample ID: NC1978). G. Lm. setigerus (Vahl, 1797) (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7223). H. Ditto (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7224). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 15. X in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 15. X-ray radiographs in dorsal view and zoom-in images of left pectoral-fin of Lophiomus spp. collected in this study for visualizing interspecific variations in pectoral-fin ray counts. A. Lm. setigerus (Vahl, 1797), neotype (NTUM10408, sample ID: WJC0905). B. Lm. laticeps (Ogilby, 1910) stat. rev. (NTUM13463, sample ID: NC1375). C. Lm. immaculioralis sp. nov., holotype (NTUM16313, sample ID: WJC7777). D. Lm. nigriventris sp. nov., holotype (NTUM15096, sample ID: WJC5808). E. Lm. carusoi sp. nov., holotype (MNHN 2024-0099, sample ID: NC2059).

Fig. 12 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 12. Lophiomus immaculioralis sp. nov., holotype (NTUM16313, sample ID: WJC7777). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth.

Fig. 13 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 13. Lophiomus nigriventris sp. nov. A–D. Holotype (NTUM15096, sample ID: WJC5808). E–H. Subadult paratype (NTUM12188, sample ID: PNG3184). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, fresh specimen. H. Ditto, floor of mouth.

Fig. 8 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 8. Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl, 1797). A–D. Neotype (NTUM10408, sample ID: WJC0905). E–H. Large specimens (NTUM14414, sample ID: WJC7223). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, fresh specimen. H. Ditto, floor of mouth.

Fig. 11. Lophiomus laticeps stat. rev., newly collected specimens. A–D in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 11. Lophiomus laticeps stat. rev., newly collected specimens. A–D. Large (NTUM13463, sample ID: NC1375). E–H. Small (NTUM13468, sample ID: NC964). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, fresh specimen. D. Ditto, floor of mouth. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, fresh specimen. H. Ditto, floor of mouth.

Fig. 9. Lophius indicus Alock, 1889. A–D in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 9. Lophius indicus Alock, 1889. A–D. Large syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45). E–H. Small syntype (BMNH 1890.11.28.45.46). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Ditto, floor of mouth. D. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. E. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. F. Ditto, ventral view. G. Ditto, floor of mouth. H. Ditto, X-ray radiograph. Photographed by L. Goodayle. © Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London (available under CC-BY 4.0).

Fig. 10. Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 10. Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910, holotype (AMS E. 2973). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Floor of mouth. D. X-ray radiograph in dorsal view. E. X-ray radiograph in lateral view (white triangles indicate the dorsal-fin spines; gray triangles indicate the dorsal-fin rays). Photographed by K. Parkinson.

Fig. 6 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 6. CVA biplot of the first and second canonical variates (CV1 and CV2) of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 based on 16 measurements and meristic counts (see Results).

Fig. 14 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 14. Lophiomus carusoi sp. nov., holotype (MNHN 2024-0099, sample ID: NC2059). A. Preserved specimen, dorsal view. B. Ditto, ventral view. C. Fresh specimen. D. Preserved specimen, floor of mouth.

Fig. 7 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 7. Cranial comparative osteology of the three lophiid genera. A. Lophiodes mutilus (Alcock, 1894). B. Lophius litulon (Jordan, 1902). C. Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl, 1797). Scale bars = 10 mm.

Fig. 4 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic trees of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 reconstructed by partitioned maximumlikelihood and Bayesian inference methods based on the TC dataset (4146 bp, COI: 663 bp; cytb: 1143 bp; RAG1: 1440 bp; Rhodopsin: 900 bp; ML: TN + F + I (partition 1, 1–663), GTR + F + I + G4 (partition 2, 664–1806), TPM3 + F + G4 (partition 3, 1807–3246), TPM2u+F+I (partition 4, 3247–4146); BI: with the same partition but changed to HKY + I (partition 1), GTR + I + G (partition 2), GTR + G (partition 3), GTR+I (partition 4)). Phylogenetic tree branch lengths are proportional to inferred nucleotide substitutions except the connection to distant outgroup Lophiodes mutilus. Node numbers represent 'SH-aLRT / UFBoot / pp.' values, with the former two values expressed in percent (%). See the caption of Fig. 2 for locality abbreviations. Terminal names in bold suggest the newly described or resurrected taxa in this study.

Fig. 5 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 5. PCA biplot of the first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2) of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883, with a total of 49.2% of explained variation based on 16 measurements and meristic counts (see Results). Ellipses indicate the confidence interval level set at 0.68 for each group. Arrows represent the direction of the variables projected into the 2D plane of PC1 and PC2.

Fig. 3 in Integrative taxonomy reveals unanticipated hidden diversity in the monotypic goosefish genus Lophiomus (Teleostei, Lophiidae), with description of three new species and resurrection of Chirolophius laticeps Ogilby, 1910

Fig. 3. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of species of Lophiomus Gill, 1883 based on the NU dataset (2340 bp, RAG1: 1440 bp;Rhodopsin: 900 bp; TPM3u + F + G4 (1–1440 bp), TPM2u + F + I (1441– 2340 bp)). Phylogenetic tree branch lengths are proportional to inferred nucleotide substitutions except the connection to distant outgroup Lophiodes mutilus. Node numbers represent 'SH-aLRT / UFBoot' values in percent (%). See the caption of Fig. 2 for locality abbreviations. The terminal names in bold suggest the newly described or resurrected taxa in this study.