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245 results for “seasonal pattern”
Seasonal patterns of resource use within natural populations of burying beetles
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Various seasonal pattern and mechanisms of soil nitrogen transformation along elevations in the Hengduan Mountains
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Pattern of seasonal variation in rates of predation between spider families is temporally stable in a food web with widespread intraguild predation
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Data and code from: Invasive grass indirectly alters seasonal patterns in seed predation
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Seasonal patterns of leaf exsertion, elongation and senescence for Eriophorum vaginatum and Carex bigelowii was measured in mesic tussock tundra sites 1985 to 1986, near Toolik Lake, AK.
Seasonal patterns of leaf exsertion, elongation and senescence for Eriophorum vaginatum and Carex bigelowii was measured in mesic tussock tundra sites near Toolik Lake, AK. In addition, the response of both species to NP fertilizer and to variation in site fertility (after track versus non-track areas) were also assayed and compared. The research was done over two full growing seasons.
Data from: Patterns of annual and seasonal immune investment in a temporal reproductive opportunist
Historically, investigations of how organismal investments in immunity fluctuate in response to environmental and physiological changes have focused on seasonally breeding organisms that confine reproduction to seasons with mild environmental conditions and abundant resources. The red crossbill, <i>Loxia curvirostra</i>, is a songbird that can breed opportunistically if conifer seeds are abundant, on both short, cold, and long, warm days, providing an ideal system to investigate interactions between immunity, reproduction, and environmental fluctuations. In this study, we measured inter- and intra-annual variation in complement, natural antibodies, PIT54, and leukocytes in crossbills across four summers (2010-2013) and multiple seasons within one year (summer 2011-spring 2012). Overall, we observed substantial changes in crossbill immune investment among summers, with interannual variation driven largely by food resources, while seasonal variation was less pronounced and lacked a dominant predictor of immune investment. However, we found weak evidence that physiological processes (e.g., reproductive condition, moult) or abiotic factors (e.g., temperature, precipitation) affect immune investment. Collectively, this study suggests that a reproductively flexible organism may simultaneously invest in both reproduction and survival-related processes, potentially by exploiting rich patches with abundant resources. More broadly, these results emphasize the need for more longitudinal studies of trade-offs associated with immune investment.
Winds at departure shape seasonal patterns of nocturnal bird migration over the North Sea
On their migratory journeys, terrestrial birds can come across large inhospitable areas with limited opportunities to rest and refuel. Flight over these areas poses a risk especially when wind conditions en route are adverse, in which case inhospitable areas can act as an ecological barrier for terrestrial migrants. Thus, within the East-Atlantic flyway, the North Sea can function as an ecological barrier. The main aim of this study was to shed light on seasonal patterns of bird migration in the southern North Sea and determine whether departure decisions on nights of intense migration were related to increased wind assistance. We measured migration characteristics with a radar that was located 18 km off the NW Dutch coast and used simulation models to infer potential departure locations of birds on nights with intense nocturnal bird migration. We calculated headings, track directions, airspeeds, groundspeeds on weak and intense migration nights in both seasons and compared speeds between seasons. Moreover, we tested if departure decisions on intense migration nights were associated with supportive winds. Our results reveal that on the intense migration nights in spring, the mean heading was towards E, and birds departed predominantly from the UK. On intense migration nights in autumn, the majority of birds departed from Denmark, Germany and north of the Netherlands with the mean heading towards SW. Prevailing winds from WSW at departure were supportive of a direct crossing of the North Sea in spring. However, in autumn winds were generally not supportive, which is why many birds exploited positive wind assistance which occurred on intense migration nights. This implies that the seasonal wind regimes over the North Sea alter its migratory dynamics which is reflected in headings, timing and intensity of migration.
Data from: Seasonality determines patterns of growth and age structure over a geographic gradient in an ectothermic vertebrate
<p>Environmental variation connected with sea- sonality is likely to affect the evolution of life-history strategies in ectotherms, but there is no consensus as to how important life-history traits like body size are influ- enced by environmental variation along seasonal gradients. We compared adult body size, skeletal growth, mean age, age at first reproduction and longevity among 11 common frog (<em>Rana temporaria</em>) populations sampled along a 1,600-km-long latitudinal gradient across Scandinavia. Mean age, age at first reproduction and longevity increased linearly with decreasing growth season length. Lifetime activity (i.e. the estimated number of active days during life-time) was highest at mid-latitudes and females had on average more active days throughout their lives than males. Variation in body size was due to differences in lifetime activity among populations—individuals (especially females) were largest where they had the longest cumula- tive activity period—as well as to differences between populations in skeletal growth rate as determined by skel- etochronological analyses. Especially, males grew faster at intermediate latitudes. While life-history trait variation was strongly associated with latitude, the direction and shape of these relationships were sex- and trait-specific. These context-dependent relationships may be the result of life- history trade-offs enforced by differences in future reproductive opportunities and time constraints among the populations. Thus, seasonality appears to be an important environmental factor shaping life-history trait variation in common frogs.</p>
Fig. 5 in Spatial Patterns Of Bird Communities Of The Lower Dnieper Sands During The Breeding Season: Differentiation Factors
Fig. 5. The bird abundance ratio in the separate groups of samples.
Three-dimensional stratification pattern in an old-growth lowland forest: how does height in canopy and season influence temperate bat activity?
<p class="PaperLauftext">The study of animal-habitat interactions is of primary importance for the formulation of conservation recommendations. Flying, gliding and climbing animals have the ability to exploit their habitat in a three-dimensional way and the vertical canopy structure in forests plays an essential role for habitat suitability. Forest bats as flying mammals may seasonally shift their microhabitat use due to differing energy demands or changing prey availability, but the patterns are not well understood.</p> <p>We investigated three-dimensional and seasonal habitat use by insectivorous bats in a temperate lowland old-growth forest, the <i>Belovezhskaya Pushcha</i> in Belarus. We acoustically sampled broadleaved and mixed coniferous plots in the forest interior and in gaps in three heights during two reproductive periods (pregnancy/lactation versus post-lactation). In canopy gaps, vertical stratification in bat activity was less pronounced than in the forest interior. Vertical activity patterns differed among species. The upper canopy levels were important foraging habitats for the open-space forager guild and for some edge-space foragers like the Barbastelle bat <i>Barbastella barbastellus</i> and the soprano pipistrelle <i>Pipistrellus pygmaeus</i>. <i>Myotis</i> species had highest activity levels near the ground in forest gaps. Moreover, we found species-dependent seasonal microhabitat shifts. Generally, all species and species groups considered except <i>Myotis</i> species showed higher activity levels during post-lactation. <i>Myotis</i> species tended towards higher activity in the forest interior during post-lactation. <i>P. pygmaeus</i> switched from high activity levels in the upper canopy during pregnancy and lactation to high activity levels near the ground during post-lactation. We conclude that a full comprehension of forest bat habitat use is only possible when height in canopy and seasonal patterns are considered.</p>
Active season body mass patterns of Little Brown Bats and Northern Myotis: Raw and fitted mass values, environmental conditions and inflection point estimates
<p><span>Animals are expected to adjust their behavioural patterns to improve fitness outcomes, such as fecundity or offspring survival. For long-lived hibernators, decisions made in each annual cycle may reflect considerations not just for concurrent survival and reproduction, but also the pressure to maximize overwinter survival and future reproductive success. We examined how these elements manifest themselves in the body mass variation patterns of North American northern latitude temperate bats, whose size and roosting habits present considerable monitoring challenges. We characterized and compared the summer and fall mass variation patterns of little brown myotis (<em>Myotis lucifugus</em>) and northern myotis (<em>M. septentrionalis</em></span><span>) from a historic dataset. In summer, the estimated date of parturition was strongly associated with spring foraging conditions (low wind, low precipitation, warm temperatures), and mass gain associated with female reproduction conferred considerable differentiation between the mass variation patterns of females and males. In fall, differences were most apparent among species, although adults exhibited a greater capacity for rapid mass gain than juveniles. These results demonstrate how reproductive constraints and interannual survival have important influences on the behaviour of temperate bats. Future work should seek to quantify the fitness benefits of patterns identified in this study, such as the rate of prehibernation mass gain.</span></p>
Seasonal patterns of dietary partitioning in vertebrates
<p>Dietary partitioning plays a central role in biological communities, yet the extent of partitioning often varies dramatically over time. Food availability may drive temporal variation in dietary partitioning, but alternative paradigms offer contrasting predictions about its effect. We compiled estimates of dietary overlap between co-occurring vertebrates to test whether partitioning is greater during periods of high or low food abundance. We found that dietary partitioning was generally greatest when food abundance was low, suggesting that competition for limited food drives partitioning. The extent of dietary partitioning in birds and mammals was also related to seasonality in primary productivity. As seasonality increased, partitioning increased during the nonbreeding season for birds and the breeding season for mammals. Although some hypotheses invoke changes in dietary breadth to explain temporal variation in dietary partitioning, we found no association between dietary breadth and partitioning. These results have important implications for the evolution of dietary divergence.</p>
Data from: seasonal patterns and processes of migration in a long-distance migratory bird: energy or time minimization?
<p>Optimal migration theory prescribes adaptive strategies of energy, time or mortality minimization. To test alternative hypotheses of energy and time minimization migration we used multisensory data loggers recording time-resolved flight activity and light for positioning by geolocation in a long-distance migratory shorebird, little ringed plover Charadrius dubius. We could reject the hypothesis of energy minimization based on a relationship between stopover duration and subsequent flight time as predicted for a time minimizer. We found seasonally diverging slopes between stopover and flight durations in relation to the progress (time) of migration, which follows for a time minimizing policy if resource gradients increase and decrease, respectively. Total flight duration did not differ significantly between autumn and spring migration, although spring migration was 6% shorter. Overall duration of autumn migration was longer than that in spring, mainly due to a mid-migration stop in most birds, when they likely initiated moult. Overall migration speed was not significantly different between autumn and spring. Migratory flights often occurred as runs of 2-7 nocturnal flights on adjacent days, which may be countering a time minimization strategy. Other factors may influence a preference for nocturnal migration, such as avoiding flight in turbulent conditions, heat stress, and diurnal predators.</p>
Map 36 in Habitat and seasonal activity patterns of the terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Belgium
Map 36. Distribution map for Trachelipus rathkii.
Fig. 39 in Habitat and seasonal activity patterns of the terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Belgium
Fig. 39. Corrected number of observations per two-month period for Porcellium conspersum (N = 63).
Map 35 in Habitat and seasonal activity patterns of the terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Belgium
Map 35. Distribution map for Porcellium conspersum.
Fig. 40 in Habitat and seasonal activity patterns of the terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Belgium
Fig. 40. Corrected number of observations per two-month period for Trachelipus rathkii (N = 189).
Map 34 in Habitat and seasonal activity patterns of the terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Belgium
Map 34. Distribution map for Porcellionides pruinosus.
Fig. 37 in Habitat and seasonal activity patterns of the terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Belgium
Fig. 37. Corrected number of observations per two-month period for Porcellio spinicornis (N = 448).
Map 33 in Habitat and seasonal activity patterns of the terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Belgium
Map 33. Distribution map for Porcellio spinicornis.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.