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178 results for “seawater”
Nutrient concentration in seawater samples, collected from the underway supply, CTD and trace metal rosettes in the Southern Ocean during the austral summer of 2016/2017, on board the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>This dataset presents concentrations of nutrients (µmol/L): nitrous oxide (NOx), nitrate, nitrite, ammonium (NH4), phosphate (PO4) and silicic acid (Si), measured in samples of seawater during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE). Samples were collected from CTD and trace metal rosette (TMR) deployments, as well as from the underway water supply on board, then analysed by flow injection following certified standards. This data was collected to support physical, chemical and biological oceanography studies in the Southern Ocean, conducted as part of ACE during the austral summer of 2016/2017.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ace_seawater_nutrient_data.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_analysis_nutrient_concentration_standards.csv, metadata, comma-separated values</li> <li>quality_checking_crm_analysis_results.csv, metadata, comma-separated values</li> <li>nutrient_concentrations_along_track_visualisation.png, metadata, portable network graphics</li> <li>ace_seawater_nutrients_comparison_plots_tmr_ctd.pdf, metadata, portable document format</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>README.txt, metadata text</li> <li>change_log.txt</li> </ul> <p><strong>Change log</strong></p> <p>v1.1 - various changes to data and metadata, described below</p> <ul> <li>added further data points to data file (those sampled from trace metal rosette)</li> <li>added ACE station number and ACE event number to data file</li> <li>reordered columns in data file</li> <li>updated README with information about sampling of trace metal rosette</li> <li>updated README with new citation, license, dataset contact and dataset contents, updated abstract</li> <li>updated data_file_header with new data fields</li> <li>added comparison plot of CTD and TMR data points</li> <li>updated caption of plot of nutrient concentrations along track (only from CTD samples)</li> </ul> <p>v1.0 - initial release of dataset</p> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This nutrient concentration dataset is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Data from: Effect of pH regulation by microbes on corrosion behaviour of duplex stainless steel 2205 in acidic artificial seawater environment
Sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) can regulate environmental pH because of their metabolism. Since local acidification results in pitting corrosion, the potential capacity of pH regulation by SRB would have important consequences for electrochemical aspects of the bio-corrosion process. This study focussed on identifying the effect of pH on the corrosion of duplex stainless steel (DSS) 2205 in a nutrient rich artificial seawater medium containing SRB species, Desulfovibrio vulgaris. DSS samples were exposed to the medium for 13 days at 37 0C at pH ranging from 4.0 to 7.4. The open circuit potential value (OCP), sulphide level, pH and number of bacteria in the medium were recorded daily. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potential dynamic polarization were used to study the properties of the films and corrosion behaviour of the material. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) was used to measure the concentration of cations Cr, Fe, Ni, Mo, Mn in the experimental solution after 13 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) were used for surface analysis. The results showed the pH changed from acidic values set at the beginning of the experiment to approximately pH 7.5 after 5 days due to bacterial metabolism. After 13 days, the highest iron concentration was in the solution that was initially at pH 4 accompanied by pitting on the stainless steel. Sulphide was present on all specimens but with more sulphide corrosion products at pH 4. The results of this study suggest that the corrosion process for the first few days exposure at low pH was driven by pH in solution rather than by bacteria. The increasing pH during the course of the experiment slowed down the corrosion process of materials originally at low pH. The nature and mechanism of SRB attack on duplex stainless steel at different acidic environments are discussed.
Combined responses of primary coral polyps and their algal endosymbionts to decreasing seawater pH
<p><span>With coral reefs declining globally, resilience of these ecosystems hinges on successful coral recruitment. However, knowledge of the acclimatory and/or adaptive potential in response to environmental challenges such as ocean acidification (OA) in earliest life stages is limited. </span>Our combination of physiological measurements, microscopy, computed tomography techniques and gene expression analysis allowed us to thoroughly elucidate the mechanisms underlying the response of early life stages of corals, together with their algal partners, to the projected decline in oceanic pH. <span>We observed extensive physiological, morphological and transcriptional changes in surviving recruits, and the transition to a </span>less-skeleton/more-tissue phenotype<span>. We found that decreased pH conditions stimulate photosynthesis and endosymbiont growth, and gene expression potentially linked to photosynthates translocation. </span>Our unique holistic study discloses the previously unseen intricate net of interacting mechanisms that regulate the performance of these organisms in response to OA.</p>
The SOPRAN Aeolotron November 2014 Seawater Gas Exchange Experiment
<p>The video reports on the first air-sea gas exchange measurements with seawater from the Atlantic Ocean in the Aeolotron, including the effects of the natural surface micro layer and bubbles. In addition, aerosols were sampled with different techniques to investigate to what extent organic material from the sea surface micro layer (SML) is carried into aerosol. The experiments will also be essential for the provide further experimental data for the new SOPRAN air-sea gas transfer model with conditions, where data are not yet available. The project is funded within the SOPRAN project by the BMBF as the German part of the SOLAS initiative.</p> <p>The participating groups were J. Williams, MPI for Chemistry, Mainz (PTR-MS measurements of gas concentrations in air and water), A. Engel, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (SML measurements), M. van Pinxteren, TROPOS (aerosol measurements), and B. Jähne, U. Heidelberg (MIMS and FTIR gas exchange measurements, active and passive thermography, and all environmental parameters including wave slope imaging). External groups include O. Wurl, ICBM (CO2 gas exchange and SML measurements), B. Schneider, IOW (CO2 measurements), and foreign groups from England (J. Najera, U. Manchester) and France (B. D'Anna, CNRS, lab IRCELYON). The latter two groups supported the aerosol measurements. The experiment took place in November 2014. On September 23, twenty tonnes of Atlantic seawater, sampled from the Northern Atlantic Ocean on board of the research vessel POSEIDON and reloaded to a road tanker at GEOMAR, arrived in Heidelberg and were filled into the storage tanks in the basement of the building, where the Aeolotron is located.</p>
Kaneohe Bay Seawater Temperature Data 2014 and 2015 - superseded
<p>Seawater temperature data from loggers placed at multiple patch reefs in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii.</p>
Carbonate chemistry changes following iron and steel slags dissolution in seawater for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement, and measured dissolution of potentially toxic elements.
<p>Ocean alkalinity enhancement is a carbon capture strategy that has gained interest over the past years. This strategy relies on the dissolution of alkaline minerals to increase the alkalinity of the ocean, among which iron and steel slags are potential candidates. However, their dissolution in seawater as well as the leaching of potentially toxic elements is unknown. These data were collected as part of a research article that assess the alkalinity generation potential of iron and steel slags in MilliQ and seawater, as well as the dissolution of potentially toxic elements. The dataset is composed of various sheets, each of them reporting data from a specific experiment. For each experiment, the analysis details (instrument used, parameters analysed etc) are provided on each individual sheet, and an overview one regroups the main aims of this research as well as the technical terms used throughout.</p>
Widespread seawater intrusions beneath the grounded ice of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica
<p>Warm water from the Southern Ocean has a dominant impact on the evolution of Antarctic glaciers and in turn on their contribution to sea level rise. Using a continuous time series of daily-repeat satellite synthetic-aperture radar interferometry data from the ICEYE constellation collected in March-June 2023, we document an ice grounding zone, or region of tidally-controlled migration of the transition boundary between grounded ice and ice afloat in the ocean, at the main trunk of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, a strong contributor to sea level rise with an ice volume equivalent to a 0.6-m global sea level rise. The ice grounding zone is 6 km wide in the central part of Thwaites with shallow bed slopes, and 2 km wide along its flanks with steep basal slopes. We additionally detect irregular seawater intrusions, 5-10 cm in thickness, extending another 6 km upstream, at high tide, in a bed depression located beyond a bedrock ridge that impedes the glacier retreat. Seawater intrusions align well with regions predicted by the GlaDS subglacial water model to host a high-pressure distributed subglacial hydrology system in between lower-pressure subglacial channels. Pressurized seawater intrusions will induce vigorous melt of grounded ice over kilometers, making the glacier more vulnerable to ocean warming, and increasing the projections of ice mass loss. Kilometer-wide, widespread seawater intrusion beneath grounded ice may be the missing link between the rapid, past, and present changes in ice sheet mass and the slower changes replicated by ice sheet models. The dataset includes grounding line positions, all ICEYE radar interferograms and parameter files, files of tidal predictions and corrections for change in atmospheric pressure, and output products from the GlADS subglacial hydrology model.</p>
Global data compilation of seawater, authigenic and detrital radiogenic neodymium isotope composition since the Last Glacial Maximum
<p>The global radiogenic Neodymium isotope data compilation from:</p> <div> <div>Du J., Haley B. A. and Mix A. C. (2020) Evolution of the Global Overturning Circulation since the Last Glacial Maximum based on marine authigenic neodymium isotopes. <em>Quaternary Science Reviews</em> <strong>241</strong>, 106396.</div> </div>
Extensive Early Marine Seafloor Cementation in a Modern Epeiric Sea Induced by Seawater Properties and a Shallow Redox Boundary below the Seafloor
<p>supplement information for Extensive Early Marine Seafloor Cementation in a Modern Epeiric Sea Induced by Seawater Properties and a Shallow Redox Boundary below the Seafloor</p>
Network analysis reveals that acute stress exacerbates gene regulatory responses of the gill to seawater in Atlantic salmon
<p>The transition from freshwater to seawater represents a physiological challenge for Atlantic salmon smolts preparing for downstream migration. Stressors occurring during downstream migration to the ocean impair the ability of smolts to maintain osmotic/ionic homeostasis in seawater. The molecular mechanisms underlying this interaction are not fully understood, especially at the organ level. We combined RNA-Seq with measures of whole-animal homeostasis to examine gene expression dynamics in the gills of smolts associated with impaired seawater tolerance after an aquaculture-related stressor. Smolts were given a 24 h seawater tolerance test before and after exposure to an acute handling/confinement stress. RNA-Seq followed by differential expression and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to quantify the transcriptional response of the gill to handling/confinement stress, seawater and their interaction. Exposure to acute stress was associated with a general stress response and impaired osmotic/ionic homeostasis in seawater. We identified gene networks in the gill exhibiting response to acute stress alone, seawater alone, and others exhibiting combined effects of both stress and seawater. Our findings indicate that acute handling/ confinement stress increases the intensity of seawater-related gene expression and suggest that increased investment in mechanisms related to ion transport may be part of a compensatory response to impaired seawater tolerance in smolts.</p>
Volatile organic compounds (VOIs) in seawater and sediment pore water collected in Funka Bay and Bering and Chukchi Seas
<p>The data of volatile organic compounds (VOIs) in seawater and sediment pore water collected in the Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, and the Bering and Chukchi Seas. Funka Bay's samples were collected in 2018-2019. Bering and Chukchi Seas' samples were collected in July of 2017 and 2018. The article entitled "Marine sediment as a likely source of methyl and ethyl iodides in subpolar and polar seas" by Ooki et al. published by Communications Earth & Environment used these datasets. The datasets are also provided as supplementary data1-4 in the article. Details of datasets are described in the article. Please cite this article when you use these datasets.</p>
Supplementary dataset for: Carbonate Clumped Isotope Constraints on Early Triassic NeoTethyan Seawater Oxygen Isotope Compositions and Temperatures
<p><span>The dataset includes data generated for the study titled:</span> <strong><span>Carbonate Clumped Isotope Constraints on Early Triassic NeoTethyan Seawater Oxygen Isotope Compositions and Temperatures</span></strong></p> <p><span>The Excel file includes </span></p> <ol> <li><span>Clumped isotope data for analyzed brachiopod calcites, bulk rock micrite, as well as analytical standards (Tables S1 and S2).</span></li> <li><span>Rare Earth element concentration data for brachiopod samples analyzed (Table S3)</span></li> <li><span>Element/Ca ratios for analyzed samples (Table S4).</span></li> </ol> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data for: Seawater intrusions in the observed grounding zone of Petermann Glacier causes extensive retreat
<p>Understanding grounding line dynamics is critical for projecting glacier evolution and sea level rise. Recent observations from satellite radar interferometry reveal rapid grounding line migration forced by oceanic tides that are several kilometers larger than predicted by hydrostatic equilibrium alone, indicating that the transition from grounded to floating ice is more complex than previously thought. Recent studies suggest that seawater intrusions beneath grounded ice may play a role in glacier dynamics. Here, we investigate their impact on the evolution of Petermann Glacier, Greenland, using an ice sheet model. We compare the model results with observed changes in grounding line position, velocity, and ice elevation between 2010 and 2022. If we exclude seawater intrusions, the model requires anomalously high melt rates to replicate the retreat. Conversely, we match the observed retreat with 3-km-long seawater intrusions with a maximum ice shelf melt rate of 50~m/yr, consistent with observations. We also obtain more realistic glacier speedup and ice thinning when including seawater intrusions in the model. We conclude that seawater intrusions play a critical role in the dynamics of Petermann Glacier. Including them in glacier flow models will make glaciers more sensitive to ocean warming and increase projections of sea level rise.</p>
Data from: Skeletal mineralogy of marine organisms shaped by seawater temperature and evolutionary history - a case study of cheilostome bryozoans
<p>The record of CaCO<sub>3</sub> biominerals serves as a valuable repository documenting Earth's evolutionary history and environmental changes. An in-depth understanding of the mineralogical diversity within calcifying organisms is essential for interpreting the evolutionary record of CaCO<sub>3</sub> and evaluating the adaptability of biomineralizers to past and future environmental change. To offer insights into the relative importance of environment vs. phylogenetic history in determining mineralogy, this study explores the modern-day global distribution of mineralogies in cheilostome bryozoans.</p> <p>Cheilostome bryozoans vary considerably in their mineral composition: in our dataset 65% of the species possess purely calcite skeletons, 15% exclusively employ aragonite, and 20% exhibit mixed (i.e., calcite and aragonite) mineralogies. Temperature is the predominant measured environmental factor influencing bryozoan skeletal mineralogy, accounting for 20% of its variability across species, when phylogenetic relatedness is unaccounted for. Bryozoans in lower latitudes, characterized by higher seawater temperatures, have higher aragonite concentrations. By accounting for phylogenetic structure using a subset of 87 species for which we have topological information, 40% of the observed mineralogical variability could be attributed to present-day temperature. In contrast, depth and salinity played minor roles, explaining less than 1% of the mineralogical variation each.</p> <p>This study emphasizes the influence of evolutionary history on the mineralogical variability of calcifying organisms, even when it can be shown that a single environmental factor (temperature) explains a substantial amount of this variability. When confronted with changing temperature, calcifiers such as bryozoans are likely to respond in diverse ways, depending on the species, given their phylogenetic relatedness and the external conditions they meet.</p>
Dataset on the effects of mineral grain size and seawater salinity on Mg(OH)2 dissolution and CaCO3 precipitation kinetics.
<p>Dataset from the manuscript "Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement" from Moras et al., 2024 (https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-645). The dataset compiles all data used in the manuscript. The manuscript covers Mg(OH)2 dissoluton and CaCO3 precipitation kinetics for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement. These kinetics are reported under different conditions, such as varying grain size and seawater salinity.</p>
Supplementary material for "Rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) in fjord waters: Comparison between seawater in the Trondheimfjord (Norway), its local riverine REY sources and the North Atlantic"
<p><span>Dataset presented and discussed in the research article “</span><span>Rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) in fjord waters: Comparison between seawater in the Trondheimfjord (Norway), its local riverine REY sources and the North Atlantic<span><span>” by Zocher et al. The article is published in <em>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta</em> and was prepared by the following authors: Anna-Lena Zocher (1), Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski (2,3), Stefania Piarulli (4), Julia Farkas (4) and Michael Bau (1). </span></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p>(1) School of Science, Constructor University, Bremen, Germany</p> <p>(2) Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway</p> <p>(3) Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Longyearbyen, Norway</p> <p>(4) SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway</p> <p> </p> <p><span><span>Table A1 includes the general information and data for all stations, Table A2 the more detailed salinity data for stations Nidelva A, B and C. </span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span><span>Reference research article:</span></span></p> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> <p><span><span>Zocher, A.-L., Ciesielski, T. M., Piarulli, S., Farkas, J., & Bau, M. (2024). </span></span><span><span>Rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) in fjord waters: Comparison between seawater in the Trondheimfjord (Norway), its local riverine REY sources and the North Atlantic. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.</span></span></p>
Measurements of Methanethiol (MeSH) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in surface seawater digitalised from AMT-7 1998.
<p>Global emissions of methanethiol are highly uncertain and the drivers influencing its seawater concentrations are quasi unexplored. Here we have digitalised measurements from 1998 taken during AMT-7 (Atlantic Meridional Transect), which may be useful for future investigators. The measurements are originally presented in the following reference:</p> <p>Kettle, A. J., Rhee, T. S., von Hobe, M., Poulton, A., Aiken, J., and Andreae, M. O.: Assessing the flux of different volatile sulfur gases from the ocean to the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 12193–12209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900630, 2001.</p> <p><br>Measurements from AMT-7 were extracted from the graphs in the manuscript using an image extraction technique (https://apps.automeris.io/wpd/, last accessed July 2024). To ensure concurrency of the measurements and deal with the error in the time stamp related to the use of an image extraction technique, data from AMT-7 was binned in 6-hourly bins. Data gaps are listed with an improbable number of -999.</p> <p> </p> <p><span>Definitions of acronyms, site abbreviations, or other project-specific designations:</span></p> <p><span>Lat=latitude (negative indicates south)</span></p> <p><span>Lon=longitude (negative indicates west)</span></p> <p><span>t_Kettle01 = The mean measured concentration during each 6 hour bin is shown, 3 hours either side of the listed time. The timestamp indicates sampling time in local solar time, expressed as DD/MM/YYYY HH:MM</span></p> <p><span>MeSH_nM= methanethiol surface seawater concentration in nM, defined as nmol dm^(-3)</span></p> <p><span>DMS_nM= dimethyl sulfide surface seawater concentration in nM, defined as nmol dm^(-3)</span></p> <p><span>Chla_mg_m3 = surface chlorophyll a concentration in mg m^(-3)</span></p> <p><span>SST_C= sea surface temperature in degrees Celsius </span></p> <p><span>SSS_PSU= sea surface salinity in practical salinity units (PSU)</span></p>
Fig. 1 in Refining the Occurrence of Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy, Photobacteriosis, and Vibriosis in Connection with Seawater Physicochemical Parameters: A Five-Year Case Study Abstract
Fig. 1: Study area.
Compressive strength measurements on binary and ternary blended cementitious paste specimens produced with seawater-mixing
<p>The following file consists of data from the published article Rathnarajan et al., (2024) Comprehensive evaluation of early-age hydration and compressive strength development in seawater-mixed binary and ternary cementitious systems published in Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. </p> <p>The excel file contains of compressive strength data of cement paste specimens of size 2 cm. </p> <p>1. From column B to Column N: Mix proportion details including the type of binders, total binder content, and clinker substitution level with SCMs are provided</p> <p>2. From Column O to Column AM: Compressive strength data of the paste specimens were listed out for FW-mixed and SW-mixed cementitious systems for the testing ages, 2, 7, 14, 28 and 90 days. </p> <p>3. Also the % change in compressive strength is calculated by calculating the difference in strength between SW-mixed and FW-mixed specimen divided by strength of FW-mixed specimens</p> <p>SYMBOLS AND NOTATIONS</p> <p>PC - CEM I <br>PF - CEM I + Fly ash <br>PS - CEM I + Slag<br>PM - CEM I + Metakaolin<br>PL - CEM I + Limestone<br>FW - Fresh water mixed <br>SW - Seawater mixed<br>SCM - Supplementary cementitious materials like Fly ash, slag, metakaolin and Limestone<br>SD - Standard deviation<br>%change - Percentage change in compressive strength with respect to strength of FW-mixed paste cubes. </p>
Isothermal calorimetry data of seawater-mixed cement pastes produced with binary and ternary blended binder composition with fly ash, slag, metakaolin, and limestone
<p>The following file consists of data and its metadata from the published article Rathnarajan et al., (2024) Comprehensive evaluation of early-age hydration and compressive strength development in seawater-mixed binary and ternary cementitious systems published in Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. </p> <p>Metadata file: metadata_calorimetry.xlsx consists of the details of file name, operator of equipment, test starting to completion time, number of hours, and notation of the mix-IDs according to the paper. </p> <p>In 11 data files in xlsx format, the heat flow and cumulative heat generated up to 7 days for the various binder combinations produced with CEM I, fly ash, metakaolin, slag, and limestone are presented. Along with that normalized heat flow and normalized cumulative heat with respec to time up to 7 days were included. The following are the data file names in .xlsx format included along with this zip file. </p> <p>P1-P8.xlsx<br>P9-P14.xlsx<br>P15-P18.xlsx<br>P19-P24.xlsx<br>P25-28.xlsx<br>P29-30-43-46.xlsx<br>P33_34-P39-41.xlsx<br>P47-P52.xlsx<br>P53-P58.xlsx<br>P59-P64.xlsx<br>P65-P70.xlsx</p> <p>The following files can be accessed with the pacakge Microsoft excel and data can be used for further analysis. </p>
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OpenNeuro
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