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1,142 results for “seedling”
Seedling regeneration density on southern pine beetle and non-southern pine beetle impacted permanent plots in Coweeta white pine watershed 1 from 2001 to 2003
Seedling density was compared between beetle-impacted and non-beetle-impacted white pine plots on watershed 1.
Riparian zone seedling establishment, growth, dynamics, and the influence of Rhododendron maximum soil moisture: forest floor data at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1997 to 2000
The effect of Rhododendron maximum, a dominate species in the riparian zones of the Southern Appalachians, on carbon, water, and nutrients en route to the streams is an ongoing study in the LTER research program at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. To study seedling establishment, growth, and dynamics in riparian zones one m2 quadrats have been established. There are four sites which include one treatment site, where the rhododendron has been removed from the riparian zone, one hurricane site, where there is extensive disturbance from Hurricane Opal, and two control sites, one upslope from the treatment site and one upstream from the hurricane site. Each of these fours sites have ten randomly located natural regeneration one m2 quadrats as well as four randomly located replicates of three adjacent one m2 quadrats. In each of the three adjacent quadrats, the litter was removed from the lower half to determine the effect of litter on the germination and growth of seedlings. Two of the adjacent quadrats have been broadcast seeded with Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Quercus rubra. In one of the two quadrats that have been broadcast seeded, a predator exclusion mesh screen, 1m x 1/2m with " openings, has been installed in the quadrat to determine the effect of small mammal predation on regeneration. Quadrats were installed on 24 April 1997 and an initial vegetation survey was conducted in May 1997. All seedlings were permanently tagged at this time and quadrat physical characteristics such as slope, aspect, and distance from stream were recorded. Broadcast seeding was done on 21 May 1997. Each year censuses will be conducted in spring and fall on each quadrat and seedling species, density, age, and annual height growth will be recorded. This project will help to document the effect of Rhododendron maximum on regeneration in the riparian areas as well as the effect of hurricane disturbance on regeneration.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Seedling bank – watershed 1 and watershed 6 (2018)
The understory layer is complex and includes groups of stems with distinctly different chances of survival and recruitment to the sapling size class. We explored how calcium amendment has impacted the trajectory of the seedling bank at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. The density of all tree stems in the seedling bank in 2018 (19 years after treatment) was greater in CAL (Watershed 1; calcium treatment) than REF (Waterhsed 6; reference) and beech was more abundant than sugar maple in both watersheds. In terms of relative abundance, the treatment had the opposite effects on the two species: the relative density of sugar maple was significantly greater in CAL than REF while the relative density of beech was significantly less. In terms of beech stem origin, Beech sprouts were more abundant than seedlings on both watersheds; however, beech stems of seed origin were more abundant on CAL (mean±1SE: 4.06±0.49 seedlings m-2) than REF (2.98±0.42), while sprouts were fewer (CAL: 14.4±1.30; REF: 20.5±1.47) resulting in the seedling to sprout ratio on CAL (1:3.5) being half that on REF (1:7). The influence on the seedling bank on future composition of these forests remains to be seen. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Drought and herbivory effects on woody plant seedling establishment and grass competition in the Jornada Basin, 2016-2018
This dataset contains observations of seedling establishment and grass competition under precipitation manipulations, and herbivory and granivory exclosure treatments, in the Chihuahuan desert of southern New Mexico, USA. The experiment took place at the Jornada Basin LTER site. We used a rainfall manipulation system and various herbivore exclosures in a factorial design, to test hypotheses about how precipitation (PPT), competition between grasses and shrub seedlings, and predation affect the germination and first-year survival of Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), a shrub that has encroached in Southern Great Plains and Chihuahuan Desert grasslands. Data collected in these files include seedling counts in each treatment over observation years 2016 to 2018. This data supports the related publication in Ecological Applications (Weber-Grullon et al. in press). The dataset is complete.
JST01 Juniperus virginiana seedling trial with and without bison at Konza Prairie
We report the results of a 30-year experiment at Konza Prairie, a mesic grassland in the Central Great Plains, under fire suppression (20-year fire return intervals) and experimental presence/absence of bison. Based on remote sensing, the land cover of deciduous trees was lower (6% grazed vs. 16% ungrazed) in bison-grazed areas. There was no difference between shrub land cover (42% grazed and 41%) and herbaceous land cover was higher in the grazed vs the ungrazed (51% grazed and 40% ungrazed). The land cover of evergreen trees (Juniperus virginiana L.)—which disproportionately decreases native biodiversity and increases wildfire risk—was approximately 0% with bison compared to 4% without bison. In a seedling trial of J. virginiana L., we found eight times greater over-winter mortality in the bison treatment. Juniperus virginina seedlings were transplanted with and without bison to compare mortality rates.
Tree seedling germination, precipitation index, and SWE data for subalpine forest, 1940-2010
Annual germination dates for over 450 Engelmann spruce and over 500 subalpine fir seedlings collected across a complex topographic-moisture gradient were compared to climate variability in the Colorado Front Range. This dataset contains the SPEI (standardized-evaporation precipitation index) and snow-water equivalent (SWE) data from 1940 to 2010 used in the study as well as the number of seedlings establishing each year from 1940 to 2010 by species.
Data from: Microsite conditions in retrogressive thaw slumps may facilitate increased seedling recruitment in the Alaskan Low Arctic
In Low Arctic tundra, thermal erosion of ice-rich permafrost soils (thermokarst) has increased in frequency since the 1980s. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) are thermokarst disturbances forming large open depressions on hillslopes through soil wasting and vegetation displacement. Tall (> 0.5 m) deciduous shrubs have been observed in RTS a decade after disturbance. RTS may provide conditions suitable for seedling recruitment, which may contribute to arctic shrub expansion. We quantified in situ seedling abundance, and size and viability of soil seedbanks in greenhouse trials for two RTS chronosequences near lakes on Alaska's North Slope. We hypothesized recent RTS provide microsites for greater recruitment than mature RTS or undisturbed tundra. We also hypothesized soil seedbanks demonstrate quantity-quality trade-offs: younger seedbanks contain smaller numbers of mostly viable seed that decrease in viability as seed accumulates over time. We found five times as many seedlings in younger RTS as in older RTS, including birch and willow, and no seedlings in undisturbed tundra. Higher seedling counts were associated with bare soil, warmer soils, higher soil available nitrogen, and less plant cover. Seedbank viability was unrelated to size. Older seedbanks were larger at one chronosequence, with no difference in percent germination. At the other chronosequence, germination was lower from older seedbanks but seedbank size was not different. Seedbank germination was positively associated with in situ seedling abundance at one RTS chronosequence, suggesting post-disturbance revegetation from seedbanks. Thermal erosion may be important for recruitment in tundra by providing bare microsites that are warmer, more nutrient rich, and less vegetated than in undisturbed conditions. Differences between two chronosequences in seedbank size, viability, and species composition suggest disturbance interacts with local conditions to form seedbanks. RTS may act as seedling nurseries to benefit many arctic species as climate changes, particularly those that do not produce persistent seed.
Data from: Ability of seedlings to survive heat and drought portends future demographic challenges for five southwestern US conifers
<p>Climate change and disturbance are altering forests and the rates and locations of tree regeneration. We examined seedling survival of five southwestern United States (US) conifer species found in warmer and drier woodlands (<em>Pinus edulis</em>, <em>P. ponderosa</em>) and cooler and wetter subalpine forests (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>, <em>Abies concolor</em>, and <em>Picea engelmanii</em>) under hot and dry conditions in incubators. We constructed models that explained 53% to 76% of the species-specific survival variability, then applied these to recent climate (1980-2019) and projected climate (1980-2099) for the southwestern US. We found that lower elevations within species' range would have low survival under projected climate and that range contraction would be greatest for species that currently occupy warm-dry conditions. These results demonstrate that empirically derived physiological limitations can be used to identify where species composition or vegetation type change are likely to occur in the southwest US.</p>
Data from: Gene expression differences between western redcedar seedlings resistant and susceptible to cedar leaf blight
<p>Western redcedar (<em>T. plicata</em>) is an important Cupressaceae both at economic and cultural levels in the Pacific Northwest of North America. In adult trees, the species produces one of the most weathering-resistant heartwoods among conifers, making it one of the preferred species for outdoor applications. However, young <em>T. plicata</em> plants are susceptible to infection with cedar leaf blight (<em>D. thujina</em>), an important foliar pathogen that can be devastating in nurseries and small-spaced plantations. Despite that, variability in the resistance against <em>D. thujina</em> in <em>T. plicata</em> has been documented, and such a variability can be used to breed <em>T. plicata</em> for resistance against the pathogen. This investigation aimed to discern the phenotypic and gene expression differences between resistant and susceptible <em>T. plicata</em> seedlings to shed light on the potential constitutive resistance mechanisms against cedar leaf blight in western redcedar. The study consisted of two parts. First, the histological differences between four resistant and four susceptible families that were never infected with the pathogen were investigated. And second, the differences between one resistant and one susceptible family that were infected and not infected with the pathogen were analyzed at the chemical (C, N, mineral nutrients, lignin, fiber, starch, and terpenes) and gene expression (RNA-Seq) levels. The histological part showed that <em>T. plicata</em> seedlings resistant to <em>D. thujina</em> had constitutively thicker cuticles and lower stomata densities than susceptible plants. The chemical analyses revealed that, regardless of their infection status, resistant plants had higher foliar concentrations of sabinene and α-thujene, and higher levels of expression of transcripts that code for leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases and for bark storage proteins. In conclusion, the data collected in this study shows that constitutive differences at the phenotypic (histological and chemical) and gene expression level exist between <em>T. plicata</em> seedlings susceptible and resistant to <em>D. thujina</em>. Such differences have potential use for marker-assisted selection and breeding for resistance against cedar leaf blight in western redcedar in the future.</p>
Fig. 4 in Some Changes In Oxidative Processes In The Organs Of Wheat Seedlings (Triticum Aestivum L.) In The Presence Of Antimycin A
Fig. 4. The electrophoretic activity of catalase in different parts of the first leaves (2, 4, 6 - the apical parts, 1, 3, 5 – basal parts).
Oak seedling microbiome assembly under climate warming and drought
<p><span lang="EN-US">Despite that climate change is currently one of the most pervasive challenges, its effects on the plant-associated microbiome is still poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the independent and combinatory effect of climate warming and drought on the microbiome assembly of oak from seed to seedling. In a multifactorial experimental set up, acorns were subjected to different temperatures (15 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C) and soil moisture levels (drought (15 %) and control (60 %)) from germination until the seedling stage, after which the bacterial and fungal communities associated to the rhizosphere and phyllosphere were characterized by amplicon sequencing and qPCR. The results showed a stronger effect of temperature on fungal than on bacterial diversity and the effect was more pronounced in the phyllosphere. Under drought condition, temperature had a significantly negative effect on phyllosphere fungal diversity. In the rhizosphere, temperature had a significant effect on the fungal community composition which was primarily caused by species turnover</span><span>.</span> <span lang="EN-US">Regardless of temperature, <em>Actinobacteriota</em> was significantly enriched in drought, a group of bacteria known to increase plant drought tolerance. This study provides new insights into the effect of climate change on the plant microbiome in natural ecosystems.</span></p>
Seedling recruitment and sapling bank dynamics on fluvial deposits in a temperate montane riparian forest.
<p>This is a dataset of Seedling recruitment and sapling bank dynamics on fluvial deposits in a temperate montane riparian forest.</p> <p>The followings are details of each file.</p> <p><strong>Saplings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>Plot_x</code> Factor. X coordinates of plots.</li> <li><code>Plot_y</code> Factor. Y coordinates of plots.</li> <li><code>x</code> Integer. X coordinates in plots.</li> <li><code>y</code> Integer. Y coordinates in plots.</li> <li><code>Substrate</code> Factor. Established substrates. NA means that it was not recorded.</li> <li><code>stemID</code> Character. The ID of individual trees.</li> <li><code>Sp.</code> Factor. The species names.</li> <li><code>Family</code> Factor. The family name of the species.</li> <li><code>Heightyyyy</code> Numeric. Vertical heights of trees (cm) in yyyy. Height2007ad is the heights after disturbance in 2007.</li> <li><code>Lengthyyyy</code> Numeric. Length of trees (cm) in yyyy. Length2007ad is the length after disturbance in 2007.</li> <li><code>DBH1_yyyy</code>, <code>DBH2_yyyy</code> Numeric. Diameter at breast height (mm) in yyyy. DBH1 and DBH2 were measured to cross at right angles.</li> <li><code>Noteyyyy</code> Character. Comments in yyyy.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Seedlings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>Plot</code> Factor. The plot ID.</li> <li><code>ID</code> Character. The individual ID.</li> <li><code>Sp.</code> Factor. The species names.</li> <li><code>Family</code> Factor. The family names of species.</li> <li><code>Hyyyy</code> Numeric. Vertical height of trees (cm) in yyyy.</li> <li><code>Ageyyyy</code> Numeric. The years of trees (cm) in yyyy.</li> <li><code>noteyyyy</code> Character. Comment in yyyy.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Map_FluvialDeposits.pdf</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>p. 1</code>: The overall picture of the positional relations between each gap.</li> <li><code>p. 2</code>: The details of seedling quadrats.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Metadata_Saplings_inFluvialDeposits.txt</strong><br> Metadata of "<strong>Saplings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong>".<br> It is the same as this description.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Seedlings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong><br> Metadata of "<strong>Seedlings_inFluvialDepositsv1.0.0.csv</strong>".<br> It is the same as this description.</p>
Canola seedling object detection dataset
<div> <div>This is a single-class object detection dataset containing aerial images of early-season canola fields. The objects of interest are canola seedlings. The images were acquired by a Hasselblad L1D-20c camera mounted on a DJI Mavic 2 Pro Drone, which was flown at a height of 2 metres. The dataset contains 431 images and 77059 canola seedling bounding box annotations.</div> </div>
Figure 1 in Sensitivity to salinity at the emergence and seedling stages of barnyardgrass (EchinochloQ crus-gQlli), weedy rice (OryzQ sQtivQ), and rice with different tolerances to ALS-inhibiting herbicides
Figure 1. Dose–response emergence curve with the average data points of the different Echinochloa crus-galli populations against the salt concentration. Curve parameter estimates (Equation 1): s1 (b = 1.94, d = 55.85, e = 287.76), s2 (b = 1.52, d = 89.91, e = 222.71), s3 (b = 1.13, d = 89.91, e = 282.58), r1(b = 3.96, d = 67.67, e = 196.55), r2 (b = 6.85, d = 94.64, e = 123.58). The salt concentration required to reduce emergence by 50% (EC50) is shown below the graph. Only the significant pairwise comparisons between EC50 (SI index) are shown (Equation 2).
Figure 2 in Sensitivity to salinity at the emergence and seedling stages of barnyardgrass (EchinochloQ crus-gQlli), weedy rice (OryzQ sQtivQ), and rice with different tolerances to ALS-inhibiting herbicides
Figure 2. Dose–response emergence curve with the average data points of the different Oryza sativa (weedy rice) populations and rice varieties against the salt concentration. Curve parameter estimates (Equation 1): wr1 (b = 9.40, d = 87.14, e = 195.80), wr2 (b = 9.40, d = 87.14, e = 160.19), wr3 (b = 8.49, d = 89.73, e = 173.01), Baldo (b = 4.81, d = 87.12, e = 146.49), CL80 (b = 3.08, d = 60.89, e = 140.04). The salt concentration required to reduce the emergence by 50% (EC50) and the significant pairwise comparisons between EC50 (SI index) are shown below the graph (Equation 2).
Figure 6 in Shading minimizes the effects of water deficit in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg seedlings
Figure 6. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in leaves (a) and o roots (b, c, d) ofCampomanesia xanthocarpa seedlings as a function of shading (0, 30 and 70%), continuous irrigation (CI) and intermittent (II) conditions, and experimental period (start - T0, 1st and 2nd photosynthesis zero – P0, 1st and 2nd Recovery - REC and END). Uppercase letters compare the same shading and irrigation conditions in different experimental periods.Lowercase letters compare the same irrigation condition and period in different shading.The asterisk compares irrigation conditions in the same shading and period (a). Uppercase letters compare the same condition shading in the different period (d). Lowercase letters compare different irrigation conditions in the different periods (b) and same shading (c) and same period in the different shading (d). The means of shading were compared by the Tukey test, the experimental periods by the Scott Knott test, and the irrigation conditions by the Bonferroni T test. In all cases, 5% probability was used.
Figure 5 in Shading minimizes the effects of water deficit in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg seedlings
Figure 5. Peroxidase activity (POD) in leaves (a) and roots (b, c, d) of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seedlings as a function of shading (0, 30 and 70%), continuous irrigation (CI) and intermittent (II) conditions, and experimental period (Start - T0, 1st and 2nd Photosynthesis Zero – P0, 1st and 2nd Recovery - REC and END). Uppercase letters compare the same shading and irrigation conditions in different experimental periods. Lowercase letters compare the same irrigation condition and period in different shading. The asterisk compares irrigation conditions in the same shading and period (a). Upper case letters compare the same irrigation condition in different shading and the same shading in the different period (d). Lowercase letters compare different irrigation conditions in the different periods (b) and same shading (c) and same period in the different shading (d). The means of shading were compared by the Tukey test, the experimental periods by the Scott Knott test, and the irrigation conditions by the Bonferroni T test. In all cases, 5% probability was used.
Figure 1 in Shading minimizes the effects of water deficit in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg seedlings
Figure 1. Water potential (Ψw) of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seedlings as a function of continuous irrigation (CI) and intermittent (II) conditions, shading (0, 30, and 70%) (a) and experimental period (Start: T0, 1st and 2nd Photosynthesis Zero: P0, 1st and 2nd Recovery: REC and END); (b). Uppercase letters compare the same irrigation condition in different shading. Lowercase letters compare the same shading in different irrigation conditions and shading (Figure 1a).
Figure 7 in Shading minimizes the effects of water deficit in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg seedlings
Figure 7. Schematic representation of the effects of shading (0, 30, and 70%) on the reduction (%) of water potential (Ψw) in the1st and 2nd photosynthesis zero (P0) in relation to initial fluorescence (F0), basal quantum production of the non-photochemical processes of photosystem II (F0/Fm), potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), maximum efficiency of the photochemical process in photosystem II (Fv/F0), and peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the leaves of Campomanesia xanthocarpa.
Figure 3 in Shading minimizes the effects of water deficit in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg seedlings
Figure 3. Maximum efficiency of the photochemical process in photosystem II – Fv/F0 (a, b) and basal quantum production of the non-photochemical processes of photosystem – F0/Fm (c) of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seedlings as a function of continuous irrigation (CI) and intermittent (II) conditions, shading (0, 30, and 70%) and experimental period (Start - T0, 1st and 2nd Photosynthesis Zero – P0, 1st and 2nd Recovery - REC and END). Uppercase letters compare the same irrigation condition in different shading (a) and different experimental periods (b). Lowercase letters compare different irrigation conditions in the same shading (a) and different experimental periods (b). Uppercase letters compare the same shading and irrigation conditions in different experimental periods. Lowercase letters compare the same irrigation condition and period in different shading. The asterisk compares irrigation conditions in the same shading and period (c). The means of shading were compared by the Tukey test, the experimental periods by the Scott Knott test, and the irrigation conditions by the Bonferroni T test. In all cases, 5% probability was used.
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